CN110083932B - Layout method for machining round parts on coil stock - Google Patents
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- CN110083932B CN110083932B CN201910340227.3A CN201910340227A CN110083932B CN 110083932 B CN110083932 B CN 110083932B CN 201910340227 A CN201910340227 A CN 201910340227A CN 110083932 B CN110083932 B CN 110083932B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Abstract
The invention relates to a stock layout method for processing round pieces on a coil stock, which comprises the following steps: arranging the circular pieces into a plurality of inclined oblique-row periods along the length direction of the coil stock; determining a first relational expression of the maximum circle number of a single inclined row period and the inclination angle of the maximum circle number according to the diameter of the circular piece and the size parameters of the coil stock, and determining a second relational expression of the maximum material utilization rate and the inclination angle according to the maximum circle number of the single inclined row period; equally dividing the inclination angle, obtaining the maximum material utilization rate respectively corresponding to the equally divided inclination angles according to the first relational expression and the second relational expression, screening out the optimal material utilization rate, obtaining the maximum circle number and the inclination angle of a single inclined row period corresponding to the optimal material utilization rate, and then determining the layout period of the round piece. According to the stock layout method, the stock layout period of the round piece on the coil stock is obtained by determining the stock layout method of the single inclined stock layout period when the material utilization rate is optimal, the material utilization rate is improved, and the manufacturing cost is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of coil processing, in particular to a stock layout method for processing round pieces on a coil.
Background
With the increasing importance of people on the waste of resources and energy, the minimization of waste becomes the objective pursued by enterprises. In actual production, a rectangular coil stock needs to be processed by punching, shearing and cutting to obtain a circular blank, and the circular blank can be widely applied to the mechanical manufacturing industry.
Statistically, circular blanks typically account for about 60% of the total cost of the final product. Therefore, under the precondition that the machining process is met and a certain machining allowance is reserved, when a machining device with a limited machining range is used for machining a round blank piece with a single size on an infinitely long coil stock, in order to obtain a high plate utilization rate, round piece layout needs to be performed in a rectangular coil stock. The existing stock layout mode is as follows:
1. the single-plate sample arrangement is adopted, the sample arrangement has no certain rule, and the sample arrangement depends on experience to a great extent, so that the material utilization rate is low, the manufacturing cost is high, and raw materials and enterprise resources are seriously wasted.
2. And (4) performing sample discharge in a straight-line manner. The straight row is the simplest and most common method for stock layout, the stock layout period is easy to find, and only the first row or multiple rows need to be kept for repeated processing in the processing process, as shown in fig. 1. However, it is clear that the sheet utilization is also low, mainly for the following reasons: 1) The part surrounded by the 4 adjacent round pieces in the straight row is a quadrangle, and the surrounded area is larger; 2) The distance Y4 of the uppermost circular piece from the finished upper edge of the roll is greater.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: aiming at the defects of the prior art, the optimal stock layout method for processing the single round piece on the coil stock is provided, and the problems of low material utilization rate, high manufacturing cost and the like in the conventional stock layout mode are solved.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows: there is provided a stock layout method for machining rounds on a web, comprising the steps of:
arranging the circular pieces into a plurality of inclined oblique-row periods along the length direction of the coil stock;
determining a first relational expression of the maximum circle number of a single inclined row period and the inclination angle of the maximum circle number according to the diameter of the round piece and the size parameters of the coil stock, and determining a second relational expression of the maximum material utilization rate and the inclination angle according to the maximum circle number of the single inclined row period;
equally dividing the inclination angle, obtaining the maximum material utilization rate respectively corresponding to the equally divided inclination angles according to the first relational expression and the second relational expression, screening out the optimal material utilization rate, obtaining the maximum circle number and the inclination angle of the single inclined-arrangement period corresponding to the optimal material utilization rate, and determining the layout period of the round piece.
In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the dimensional parameters of the web include a length and a width of the web, a processing margin of an upper edge of the web, and a processing margin of a lower edge of the web.
In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the plurality of inclined slanted periods are arranged in a circular pattern along the length of the web and are parallel to each other.
A further preferred version of the invention is that the circular pieces machined on the coil are of the same size.
It is a further preferred aspect of the present invention that the method of determining the cycles of layout of rounds on a web is performed by a method of layout that determines a single cycle of diagonal layout.
Still further preferred embodiment of the present invention is that the first relational expression is:
wherein n is max Is the maximum circle number of a single oblique arrangement period, theta is the inclination angle of the single oblique arrangement period, W is the width of a coil stock, y 1 Is the processing allowance of the upper edge of the coil stock,y 2 the allowance is the processing allowance of the lower edge of the coil stock, and d is the diameter of the round piece.
Still further preferred embodiment of the present invention is that the second relation is:
wherein, P max For maximum material utilization, the maximum number of round pieces that can be sampled along the length of the coil, and W is the width of the coil.
In a further preferable aspect of the present invention, the inclination angle θ is 30 ° to 90 °.
The invention also provides a stock layout system for processing round pieces on a coil stock, which comprises:
the oblique arrangement period establishing unit is used for arranging the circular parts into a plurality of oblique arrangement periods along the length direction of the coil stock;
the mathematical model establishing unit is used for determining a first relational expression of the maximum circle number of a single inclined-row period and the inclination angle of the maximum circle number according to the diameter of the circular piece and the size parameters of the coil stock, and determining a second relational expression of the maximum material utilization rate and the inclination angle according to the maximum circle number of the single inclined-row period;
and the optimal layout cycle determining unit is used for equally dividing the inclination angles, obtaining the maximum material utilization rate respectively corresponding to the equally divided inclination angles according to the first relational expression and the second relational expression, screening out the optimal material utilization rate, obtaining the maximum circle number and the inclination angle of the single inclined layout cycle corresponding to the optimal material utilization rate, and determining the layout cycle of the round piece.
The method has the advantages that by establishing a mathematical model between the maximum circle number and the inclination angle of a single inclined-row period and a mathematical model between the maximum material utilization rate and the inclination angle, after equally dividing the inclination angle, the maximum material utilization rate respectively corresponding to the equally divided inclination angles can be obtained according to the established mathematical model, and then the optimal material utilization rate is screened out from the maximum material utilization rate, and the maximum circle number and the inclination angle of the single inclined-row period corresponding to the optimal material utilization rate are obtained, so that the optimal layout period of the round piece on the coil stock can be determined. According to the stock layout method, the optimum stock layout period of the round piece on the coil stock is obtained by determining the stock layout method of a single inclined stock layout period when the material utilization rate is optimum. When round pieces with single size are processed on an infinite long coil stock, a circular and single inclined arrangement period can be obtained, so that the material utilization rate is optimal.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art inline stock removal process;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow diagram of the present invention method of stock layout for round pieces on a web;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of the inline layout method of FIG. 4 before the cycle of skewing is rotated;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the slant layout method of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the center to bottom distance of a circular member in a single fan cycle of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a skewed period model for determining optimal material utilization according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the tilt angle-maximum material utilization profile of the preferred embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the optimal layout cycle of the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 2, the stock layout method for processing round pieces on a coil stock comprises the following steps:
s100, arranging the circular parts into a plurality of inclined oblique arrangement periods along the length direction of the coil stock;
s200, determining a first relational expression of the maximum circle number of a single inclined arrangement period and the inclination angle of the maximum circle number according to the diameter of the round piece and the size parameters of the coil stock, and determining a second relational expression of the maximum material utilization rate and the inclination angle according to the maximum circle number of the single inclined arrangement period;
and S300, equally dividing the inclination angles, obtaining the maximum material utilization rate respectively corresponding to the equally divided inclination angles according to the first relational expression and the second relational expression, screening out the optimal material utilization rate, obtaining the maximum circle number and the inclination angle of a single inclined arrangement period corresponding to the optimal material utilization rate, and determining the layout period of the circular piece.
Referring to fig. 4, the circular members are arranged in a plurality of slanted periods having an inclination angle θ along the length of the web. Referring to fig. 2 in combination, each row is a single inline period, and a plurality of rows of single inline periods are arranged along the length of the roll. The single oblique arrangement period is that the single straight arrangement period takes the central point of the circular piece at the lower left corner as an axis, and the single straight arrangement period rotates uniformly to enable the angle formed by the single straight arrangement period and the length direction of the coil to be theta, namely the inclination angle of the single oblique arrangement period is theta.
Wherein the size parameters of the coil stock comprise the length L and the width W of the coil stock and the machining allowance y of the upper edge of the coil stock 1 And the processing allowance y of the lower edge of the coil stock 2 。
And the circular members processed on the coil stock are the same in size, namely the invention is suitable for processing circular members of single size on the coil stock, and the diameter d of each circular member is the same. When the material utilization rate of the coil stock is optimal, the optimal layout method of the round piece is obtained, that is, the process of determining the optimal layout method for processing the round piece on the coil stock actually searches the optimal layout period of the round piece on the coil stock when the material utilization rate is optimal.
Furthermore, the inclined oblique-row periods are circularly arranged along the length direction of the coil stock and are mutually parallel. Namely, a plurality of single oblique arrangement periods which are the same and parallel to each other and have the same oblique angle theta are arranged along the length direction of the coil stock. Further, the method for determining the optimal layout period of the round piece on the coil stock is realized by a layout method for determining a single diagonal layout period. In the length L of the coil and roundWith the diameter d of the web being known, the maximum number n of dischargeable rounds in the length direction of the web 1 Is also determined by n 1 = L/d is available. Therefore, to determine the optimal layout period of the round piece on the coil stock, only the layout method of a single diagonal layout period when the material utilization rate is optimal needs to be determined.
Referring to fig. 3 to 4, the straight row in fig. 3 is uniformly rotated to the right to form the slanted row with the slant angle θ, and two changes are generated: firstly, the area of a quadrangle surrounded by 4 adjacent round pieces is reduced, which is beneficial to improving the utilization rate of materials; second, the distance y between the uppermost circular part and the upper edge of the web 1 It will become bigger and has the disadvantage of improving the material utilization rate. In the layout, it can also be found that the number of circles that can be laid down varies with the angle θ in a single diagonal period. Therefore, to find an appropriate tilt angle θ, the material utilization rate P is maximized, and the maximum number of circles that can be discharged for a single tilt cycle is also maximized.
In summary, to determine the layout method of a single diagonal period when the material utilization rate is optimal, only the maximum number of circles and the inclination angle θ of the single diagonal period need to be determined. And determining the single oblique-row period with the maximum number of circles, and sequentially and circularly arranging the single oblique-row periods along the length direction of the coil according to the inclination angle theta.
As can be seen from fig. 4, the material utilization P is maximized when the uppermost point of a single ramp cycle coincides with the processed upper edge of the log.
Firstly, a mathematical model between the maximum circle number and the inclination angle of a single inclined arrangement period needs to be established, namely a relational expression between the maximum circle number and the inclination angle of the single inclined arrangement period is determined. Further, the first relational expression for determining the relationship between the maximum number of circles in a single diagonal period and the inclination angle thereof is as follows:
wherein n is max Maximum circle of single diagonal periodNumber, theta is the angle of inclination of a single ramp cycle, W is the web width, y 1 Is the upper edge processing allowance of the coil stock, y 2 The allowance is the processing allowance of the lower edge of the coil stock, and d is the diameter of the round piece.
In the present embodiment, as can be seen from the foregoing discussion, the diameter d of the circular member, the width W of the coil, the length L (L = + ∞) of the coil, and the machining allowance y of the upper edge of the coil 1 And the lower edge machining allowance y of the coil stock 2 And the maximum number n of round pieces capable of discharging samples along the length direction of the coil stock 1 Are all known parameters.
Referring to fig. 5, the specific analytical determination process is as follows:
obviously, when theta is less than 30 degrees, the transverse distance between periods is large, and the utilization rate is always less than the condition that theta is more than or equal to 30 degrees, so that only the condition that theta is more than or equal to 30 degrees and less than or equal to 90 degrees is considered in analysis.
Selecting a single oblique period to obtain the distance from the circle center of each circular piece to the bottom edge as follows:
h 2 ＝h 1 +d*sinθ
h 3 ＝h 2 +d*sinθ
......
it can be seen that the general form is:
h n ＝h 1 +(n-1)d*sinθ
to make the uppermost edge of the single cycle of the diagonal coincide with the machined upper edge of the coil, then:
namely:
thereby obtaining the maximum circle of a single diagonal periodThe number n max And the inclination angle θ:
secondly, a maximum material utilization P is also to be established max And a mathematical model between the tilt angles theta. Further, the maximum material utilization P is determined max And the inclination angle θ is as follows:
wherein, P max For maximum material utilization, the maximum number of round pieces that can be proofed along the length of the coil, W is the width of the coil.
Referring to fig. 6, the specific analysis determination process is as follows:
in the present embodiment, the inclination angle θ of the single diagonal period is 30 ° to 90 °.
The base and area of the parallelogram in fig. 6 are:
L 1 ＝(n 1 -1)*2dcosθ
then, the maximum material utilization rate P max Is as follows;
finally, equally dividing the inclination angle theta at the same interval angle to obtain N inclined arrangement periods for determining the number of the circular parts and the corresponding maximum material utilization rate P max Then screening the optimal material utilization rate P in the N groups of data max ', finally obtaining the sum P max ' maximum number of circles of corresponding single period of diagonal rows n max ' and TiltThe angle θ' is the optimum pattern period for determining a single period of diagonal alignment. Then the number n of round pieces which can be arranged and have the maximum length direction of the coil stock is combined 1 And finally, determining the optimal layout period of the round piece on the coil stock. For example, dividing the angle of inclination θ by 0.01 ° equally, 6000 cycles of diagonal rows with a determined number of rounds and a corresponding maximum material utilization P are obtained max Then screening out the optimal material utilization rate P from the 6000 data max ′。
Further, the inclination angle theta is equally divided to screen out the optimal material utilization rate P max ', obtaining the maximum number n of circles of a single period of the diagonal line corresponding thereto max 'and the tilt angle theta' may be implemented by a computer or other intelligent device. By utilizing the powerful calculation function of the computer, the inclination angle theta can be equally divided or further subdivided according to the actual requirement, and more accurate data can be obtained.
In addition, in actual production, a certain distance is usually left between the circular parts, and in the embodiment, the distance is ignored. It should be noted that the optimal layout method of the present invention is also applicable to the case where there is a space between circular members, and only the parameters of the space need to be correspondingly increased in the established mathematical model.
The following provides a preferred embodiment of a stock layout method for machining rounds on a web.
Take for example a round piece with a diameter d of 435mm to be laid out on a web with a web width W of 1219 mm. Wherein, the machining allowance is: allowance y for processing upper edge of coil stock 1 Is 3mm, the lower edge of the coil stock is processed by the allowance y 2 Is 3mm. When theta is larger than or equal to 30 degrees and smaller than or equal to 90 degrees, the maximum material utilization rate distribution graph with different inclination angles is obtained by respectively calculating according to the formulas (1) and (2) by taking 0.01 degrees as equal division, as shown in fig. 7, the abscissa represents the inclination angle theta, and the ordinate represents the maximum material utilization rate P max 。
Screening out the optimal material utilization rate P max ', and the corresponding tilt angle θ', from equations (1), (2), the layout parameters for a single pitch cycle:
1) Single oblique rowMaximum number of circles n of period max ' is 3;
2) The angle of inclination theta' of the single period of the slanted row is 63.33 deg..
From this, the optimal lay out period of the round on the web can be determined, as shown in figure 8.
The layout method for processing the round piece on the coil stock obtains the optimal layout period of the round piece on the coil stock by determining the layout method of a single oblique layout period when the material utilization rate is optimal. On the premise of meeting the requirement that a certain machining allowance is reserved in a machining process, machining equipment with a limited machining range is used for machining round pieces with single size on an infinitely long coil stock, a cyclic and single oblique arrangement period can be obtained, and the material utilization rate is optimal; meanwhile, the stock layout method can be applied to the punching, shearing, cutting and other processes, stock layout can be carried out on coil stocks with different widths aiming at round pieces with different sizes, and the practicability is high. When the automatic material arranging machine is applied to actual production, the layout period of the optimal material utilization rate can be obtained immediately only by inputting the diameter of the circular part, the width of the coil stock and the machining allowance parameters in a computer, the automatic material arranging machine is convenient and quick to use and high in automation degree, and the production efficiency is greatly improved.
The invention also provides a stock layout system for processing round pieces on a coil stock, comprising:
the oblique arrangement period establishing unit is used for arranging the circular parts into a plurality of oblique arrangement periods along the length direction of the coil stock;
the mathematical model establishing unit is used for determining a first relational expression of the maximum circle number of a single inclined-row period and the inclination angle of the maximum circle number according to the diameter of the circular piece and the size parameters of the coil stock, and determining a second relational expression of the maximum material utilization rate and the inclination angle according to the maximum circle number of the single inclined-row period;
and the optimal layout cycle determining unit is used for equally dividing the inclination angles, obtaining the maximum material utilization rate respectively corresponding to the equally divided inclination angles according to the first relational expression and the second relational expression, screening out the optimal material utilization rate, obtaining the maximum circle number and the inclination angle of the single inclined layout cycle corresponding to the optimal material utilization rate, and determining the layout cycle of the round piece.
It should be understood that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and not for limiting the same, and those skilled in the art can modify the technical solutions described in the above embodiments, or make equivalent substitutions for some technical features; and all such modifications and substitutions are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. A stock layout method for processing rounds on a log, comprising the steps of:
arranging the circular pieces into a plurality of inclined oblique arrangement periods along the length direction of the coil stock;
determining a first relational expression of the maximum circle number of a single inclined row period and the inclination angle of the maximum circle number according to the diameter of the round piece and the size parameters of the coil stock, and determining a second relational expression of the maximum material utilization rate and the inclination angle according to the maximum circle number of the single inclined row period;
equally dividing the inclination angle, obtaining the maximum material utilization rate respectively corresponding to the equally divided inclination angles according to the first relational expression and the second relational expression, screening out the optimal material utilization rate, obtaining the maximum circle number and the inclination angle of a single inclined row period corresponding to the optimal material utilization rate, and then determining the layout period of the round piece;
the first relation is:
wherein n is max Is the maximum circle number of a single oblique arrangement period, theta is the inclination angle of the single oblique arrangement period, W is the width of a coil stock, y 1 Is the upper edge processing allowance of the coil stock, y 2 The machining allowance is the lower edge machining allowance of the coil stock, and d is the diameter of the round piece;
the second relation is:
wherein, P max For maximum material utilization, n 1 The number of the largest round pieces capable of sample discharge along the length direction of the coil is W, which is the width of the coil.
2. A stock layout method for rounds on a roll as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that said dimensional parameters of the roll comprise the length and width of the roll, the upper edge finishing allowance of the roll and the lower edge finishing allowance of the roll.
3. A method of preparing rounds on a log as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plurality of inclined slanted periods are arranged cyclically and parallel to each other along the length of the log.
4. A stock layout method for rounds to be processed on a roll as claimed in claim 1, wherein said rounds to be processed on the roll are of the same size.
5. A method of laying out rounds on a web according to claim 1, wherein the method of determining the period of laying out of rounds on the web is performed by a method of laying out a single period of diagonal laying out.
6. A stock layout method for rounds on a log as claimed in claim 1, wherein said angle of inclination is between 30 ° and 90 °.
7. A stock layout system for processing rounds on a web, comprising:
the oblique arrangement period building unit is used for arranging the circular pieces into a plurality of oblique arrangement periods along the length direction of the coil stock;
the mathematical model establishing unit is used for determining a first relational expression of the maximum circle number of a single oblique arrangement period and the inclination angle of the maximum circle number according to the diameter of the round piece and the size parameters of the coil stock, and determining a second relational expression of the maximum material utilization rate and the inclination angle according to the maximum circle number of the single oblique arrangement period;
the optimal stock layout period determining unit is used for equally dividing the inclination angle, obtaining the maximum material utilization rate respectively corresponding to the equally divided inclination angles according to the first relational expression and the second relational expression, screening out the optimal material utilization rate, obtaining the maximum circle number and the inclination angle of the single inclined stock layout period corresponding to the optimal material utilization rate, and then determining the stock layout period of the round piece;
the first relation is:
wherein n is max Is the maximum circle number of a single oblique arrangement period, theta is the inclination angle of the single oblique arrangement period, W is the width of a coil stock, y 1 Is the upper edge machining allowance of the coil stock, y 2 The machining allowance is the lower edge machining allowance of the coil stock, and d is the diameter of the round piece;
the second relation is:
wherein, P max For maximum material utilization, n 1 The number of the largest round pieces capable of sample discharge along the length direction of the coil is W, which is the width of the coil.
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| CN110757010B (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2021-04-13 | 大族激光科技产业集团股份有限公司 | Cutting method for avoiding collision between round piece to be machined and laser head |
| CN111553531B (en) * | 2020-04-27 | 2021-03-02 | 郑州轻工业大学 | Round piece heuristic layout method for rectangular plate |
| CN113650172A (en) * | 2021-08-27 | 2021-11-16 | 单旭 | Energy-saving method for processing round workpiece and special device |
| CN114985295B (en) * | 2022-06-20 | 2023-12-29 | 福建威而特旋压科技有限公司 | Automatic steel screening method based on stamping blanking width |
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| JP2008123275A (en) * | 2006-11-13 | 2008-05-29 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | Nesting device and method |
| CN105160442A (en) * | 2015-10-19 | 2015-12-16 | 广西大学 | Physical layout algorithm for circular pieces |
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| CN105160442A (en) * | 2015-10-19 | 2015-12-16 | 广西大学 | Physical layout algorithm for circular pieces |
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