CN106840039A - A kind of quick three-dimensional measuring method based on composite grating projection - Google Patents
A kind of quick three-dimensional measuring method based on composite grating projection Download PDFInfo
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- CN106840039A CN106840039A CN201710141583.3A CN201710141583A CN106840039A CN 106840039 A CN106840039 A CN 106840039A CN 201710141583 A CN201710141583 A CN 201710141583A CN 106840039 A CN106840039 A CN 106840039A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
- G01B11/25—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures by projecting a pattern, e.g. one or more lines, moiré fringes on the object
- G01B11/254—Projection of a pattern, viewing through a pattern, e.g. moiré
Abstract
Quick three-dimensional measuring method the present invention relates to be based on composite grating projection, including:Build measuring system;The generation of composite grating is carried out, and is burned onto in optical projection system;Composite grating projects measured object surface, and modulation produces the composite grating of new shape;Collection new shape composite grating, and be sent in computer processing system;By five step phase shift method solution phases, cosine grating wrapped phase and echelon wrapped phase are obtained respectively;Echelon wrapped phase is carried out into rounding treatment, and wrapped phase is launched into absolute phase with reference to cosine grating wrapped phase;The reconstruction of object dimensional information is carried out by absolute phase non-linear relation corresponding with measured object depth.The present invention only needs to carry out one group of five projection and collection of amplitude grating picture, and the expansion of object phase is can be carried out by five step phase shift method;Method proposed by the present invention reduces the use of grating picture number in the case of with identical certainty of measurement, improves measuring speed.
Description
Technical field
Surveyed the present invention relates to quick three-dimensional field of measuring technique, especially a kind of quick three-dimensional based on composite grating projection
Amount method.
Background technology
In recent years, optical three-dimensional measurement technology obtains fast because it possesses high accuracy and the non-contacting advantage of testee
The development of speed, with the development of computer technology, information technology and digitizing technique, by optical projection system, industrial camera and calculating
The projecting structural optical three-dimension measuring system of machine processing system composition arises at the historic moment.
The projection measurement method based on Gray code, the throwing decoded based on neighborhood are generated by the research for many years of numerous scholars
Image measuring method, the digital projection technique method based on phase etc..Wherein, the digital projection technique based on phase is because of its measurement speed
Degree is fast, can carry out fine and close reconstruction, and relative accuracy is higher, therefore possesses larger development potentiality.Because phase and depth
There is non-linear relation, so for the digital projection technique based on phase, most important step is to obtain continuous exhausted
To phase.The different digital rasters with phase information is projeced on testee first in terms of realization, is then passed through
Camera carries out data acquisition to the phase grating for projecting, and the absolute phase of object, Jin Erke are drawn by corresponding solution phase processor
It is a kind of method for three-dimensional measurement with multiple advantage to obtain the depth information of object by non-linear relation.
By the research of lot of domestic and foreign scholar, the method that absolute phase is obtained now has two major class methods, a class substantially
Method is that utilization space neighborhood information enters line phase acquisition, and this kind of method error is excessive, it is impossible to carry out good practical application.More
Many research is directed to another kind of method, and this class method is to carry out phase unwrapping using time-domain information, in camera shooting speed
On the premise of finite sum ensures certainty of measurement, present relatively good projection three-dimensional measurement method at least needs to project six amplitude gratings
Picture can just carry out the expansion of absolute phase.More also use less grating picture, but because grating is sparse etc.
Reason, so that the precision for obtaining phase method is relatively low.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide one kind on the premise of precision is kept, the speed of three-dimensional measurement is effectively raised
Based on composite grating projection quick three-dimensional measuring method.
To achieve the above object, present invention employs following technical scheme:A kind of based on composite grating projection quick three
Dimension measuring method, the method include following order the step of:
A () puts up the measuring system being made up of optical projection system, industrial camera and computer processing system;
B () carries out the generation of composite grating in computer processing system, and the composite grating is passed through into computer disposal
System is burned onto in optical projection system;
C () described composite grating is by projection system projects to measured object surface, composite grating is high by measured object surface
Degree modulation produces the composite grating of new shape;
D () gathers described new shape composite grating with industrial camera, and the composite grating of the new shape that will be gathered is transmitted
To in computer processing system;
E () in computer processing system, the composite grating of the new shape gathered by industrial camera passes through five step phase shifts
Method solution phase, obtains cosine grating wrapped phase and echelon wrapped phase respectively;
F the echelon wrapped phase for obtaining is carried out rounding treatment by (), and combine cosine grating parcel phase
Wrapped phase is launched into absolute phase by position;
G () carries out the weight of object dimensional information by absolute phase non-linear relation corresponding with measured object depth
Build.
In the step (a), the measuring system carries synchronous Trigger Function, can gather the light for projecting away moment
Grid are simultaneously sent to computer processing system.
In the step (b), the composite grating be by specific period than single cosine grating and single ladder light
What grid were composited under single Color Channel, the computing formula of its intensity profile is as follows:
Ik(x, y)=I'(x, y)+I " (x, y) cos [φr(x,y)-r×kπ/5]+I”'(x,y)cos[φs(x,y)-s×
kπ/5] (1)
Wherein, (x, y) represents pixel coordinate, and I ' (x, y) represents composite grating background intensity, I " (x, y) expression cosine light
The modulate intensity of grid, I " ' (x, y) represent echelon modulate intensity, φrCosine grating wrapped phase is represented, r represents cosine
The scale factor of grating phase-shift phase, φsEchelon wrapped phase is represented, s represents the scale factor of echelon phase-shift phase, Ik
(x, y) represents kth width composite grating, k=0,1,2,3,4.
In the step (e), the computing formula of the five steps phase shift method is as follows:
Wherein, (x, y) represents pixel coordinate, φr(x, y) represents cosine grating wrapped phase, and r represents cosine grating phase shift
The scale factor of amount, φs(x, y) represents echelon wrapped phase, and s represents the scale factor of echelon phase-shift phase, Ik(x,
Y) kth width composite grating, k=0,1,2,3,4 are represented.
In the step (f), the computing formula of the rounding treatment is:
K (x, y)=round [5 φs(x,y)/2π] (3)
Wherein, φsAfter (x, y) represents that echelon wrapped phase, round represent that rounding function, K (x, y) represent rounding
Echelon wrapped phase;
The computing formula of the absolute phase is as follows:
Φw(x, y)=φr(x,y)+K(x,y)·2π (4)
Wherein, φr(x, y) represents cosine grating wrapped phase, and K (x, y) represents the echelon wrapped phase after rounding,
Φw(x, y) represents absolute phase.
As shown from the above technical solution, the advantage of the invention is that:First, the present invention only needs to carry out one group of five amplitude grating
The projection and collection of picture, and the expansion of object phase is can be carried out by five step phase shift method;Second, the present invention is proposed
Method compared with traditional preferably time domain unpacking method, in the case of with identical certainty of measurement, The present invention reduces light
The use of grid picture number, improves measuring speed.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the composite grating figure that the present invention is used;
Fig. 2 (a) is the overall composite grating figure of SNR=22 interference, and Fig. 2 (b) is composite grating and SNR without SNR interference
The local contrast figure of the composite grating sum of=22 interference;
Fig. 3 is cosine wrapped phase figure;
Fig. 4 is ladder wrapped phase figure;
Fig. 5 is the rounding ladder wrapped phase figure of emulation;
Fig. 6 is the absolute phase figure of emulation;
Fig. 7 is measuring system figure;
Fig. 8 is the pictorial diagram of collection;
Fig. 9 is the wrapped phase figure of measured object;
Figure 10 is the absolute phase figure of measured object;
Figure 11 renders figure for measured object three-dimensional information.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment one
The present embodiment is simulated measurement, and all of process is processed in a computer, and here is specific simulation process:
Step 1:By the composite grating of present invention design by MATLAB Software Creates, the composite grating intensity profile of design
It is shown below, its shape is as shown in Figure 1.
I1(x, y)=I'(x, y)+I " (x, y) cos [φr(x,y)-4π/5]+I”'(x,y)cos[φs(x,y)-8π/5]
I2(x, y)=I'(x, y)+I " (x, y) cos [φr(x,y)-2π/5]+I”'(x,y)cos[φs(x,y)-4π/5]
I3(x, y)=I'(x, y)+I " (x, y) cos [φr(x,y)]+I”'(x,y)cos[φs(x,y)]
I4(x, y)=I'(x, y)+I " (x, y) cos [φr(x,y)+2π/5]+I”'(x,y)cos[φs(x,y)+4π/5]
I5(x, y)=I'(x, y)+I " (x, y) cos [φr(x,y)+4π/5]+I”'(x,y)cos[φs(x,y)+8π/5]
Wherein, (x, y) represents pixel coordinate, and I'(x y) represents raster back color intensity, I " (x, y) expression cosine grating
Modulate intensity, I " ' (x, y) represent echelon modulate intensity, φr(x, y) represents cosine grating wrapped phase, φs(x,y)
Echelon wrapped phase is represented, the phase-shift phase of cosine grating is 2 π/5, and the phase-shift phase of echelon is 4 π/5.
Step 2:The composite grating that will be generated adds the interference of SNR=22, shown in its picture shape such as Fig. 2 (a);SNR=
22 composite grating figure is with the composite grating figure without SNR interference to such as Fig. 2 (b) Suo Shi.
Step 3:The composite grating being interfered is processed with MATLAB softwares, is carried out first at five step phase shift methods
Reason, its processing procedure is shown below:
Wherein, φr(x, y) represents cosine grating wrapped phase, φs(x, y) represents echelon wrapped phase, solution
Cosine grating wrapped phase is as shown in figure 3, the echelon wrapped phase for solving is as shown in Figure 4.
Step 4:Echelon wrapped phase is carried out into rounding by the process described in following formula, shape such as Fig. 5 institutes after rounding
Show.
K (x, y)=round [5 φs(x,y)/2π]
Wherein, round represents rounding function, φsAfter (x, y) represents that echelon wrapped phase, K (x, y) represent rounding
Echelon wrapped phase.
Step 5:The echelon wrapped phase of rounding and cosine grating wrapped phase are entered by the process described in following formula
Row is combined, and ultimately forms absolute phase, and its shape is as shown in Figure 6, it can be seen that the absolute phase solved in the case of SNR=22
Although there is a small amount of noise spot position, overall, the absolute phase that solves or relatively good possesses extremely strong anti-dry
Disturb ability.
Φw(x, y)=φr(x,y)+K(x,y)·2π
Wherein, Φw(x, y) represents absolute phase, and K (x, y) represents the ladder wrapped phase after rounding, φr(x, y) is represented
Cosine grating wrapped phase.
Embodiment two
The present embodiment shoots measurement in kind, and this measurement distance in kind is 500mm or so, the following institute of its detailed process
Show:
Step 1:As shown in fig. 7, putting up the measurement system being made up of optical projection system, industrial camera, computer processing system
System, optical projection system, industrial camera are connected by data wire and capture card with computer processing system.In this measuring system
In, the LightCrafter 4500, industrial camera model IO of projecting apparatus model TI (Texas Instrument) the company exploitation of selection
The 2M360CL of company, computer system includes software of MATLAB programming softwares, operation projecting apparatus and industrial camera etc..
Step 2:The composite grating that will be designed is by MATLAB Software Creates, the composite grating gray scale such as following formula institute of design
Show, its shape is as shown in Figure 1.
I1(x, y)=I'(x, y)+I " (x, y) cos [φr(x,y)-4π/5]+I”'(x,y)cos[φs(x,y)-8π/5]
I2(x, y)=I'(x, y)+I " (x, y) cos [φr(x,y)-2π/5]+I”'(x,y)cos[φs(x,y)-4π/5]
I3(x, y)=I'(x, y)+I " (x, y) cos [φr(x,y)]+I”'(x,y)cos[φs(x,y)]
I4(x, y)=I'(x, y)+I " (x, y) cos [φr(x,y)+2π/5]+I”'(x,y)cos[φs(x,y)+4π/5]
I5(x, y)=I'(x, y)+I " (x, y) cos [φr(x,y)+4π/5]+I”'(x,y)cos[φs(x,y)+8π/5]
Wherein, (x, y) represents pixel coordinate, and I'(x y) represents raster back color intensity, I " (x, y) expression cosine grating
Modulate intensity, I " ' (x, y) represent echelon modulate intensity, φr(x, y) represents cosine grating wrapped phase, φs(x,y)
Echelon wrapped phase is represented, the phase-shift phase of cosine grating is 2 π/5, and the phase-shift phase of echelon is 4 π/5.
Step 3:The composite grating that will be generated passes through in computer system burning to optical projection system, and is thrown to object
Penetrate.
Step 4:Gathered with industrial camera and be reflected by the object the composite grating returned, and synchronous transfer is to computer disposal system
In system, the composite grating that industrial camera is collected is as shown in Figure 8.
Step 5:In computer processing system, the composite grating that will be collected is by five step phase shift methods, its processing procedure
It is shown below:
Wherein, φr(x, y) represents cosine grating wrapped phase, φs(x, y) represents echelon wrapped phase, solves
Cosine grating wrapped phase and echelon wrapped phase are as shown in Figure 9.
Step 6:Echelon wrapped phase is carried out into rounding by the process described in following formula.
K (x, y)=round [5 φs(x,y)/2π]
Wherein, Round represents rounding function, φsAfter (x, y) represents that echelon wrapped phase, K (x, y) represent rounding
The echelon wrapped phase.
Step 7:The echelon wrapped phase of rounding and cosine grating wrapped phase are entered by the process described in following formula
Row is combined, and ultimately forms absolute phase, and its shape is as shown in Figure 10.
Φw(x, y)=φr(x,y)+K(x,y)·2π
Wherein, Φw(x, y) represents object absolute phase, and K (x, y) represents the ladder wrapped phase after rounding, φr(x,y)
Represent cosine grating wrapped phase.
Step 8:Object three is carried out by the absolute phase and the one-to-one non-linear relation of depth and calibration process
The reconstruction of dimension information, the object dimensional pattern of reconstruction is as shown in figure 11.
In sum, the present invention only needs to carry out one group of five projection and collection of amplitude grating picture, and by five steps
Phase shift method can be carried out the expansion of object phase;Method proposed by the present invention compared with traditional preferably time domain unpacking method,
In the case of with identical certainty of measurement, The present invention reduces the use of grating picture number, measuring speed is improved.
Claims (5)
1. it is a kind of based on composite grating projection quick three-dimensional measuring method, the method include following order the step of:
A () puts up the measuring system being made up of optical projection system, industrial camera and computer processing system;
B () carries out the generation of composite grating in computer processing system, and the composite grating is passed through into computer processing system
It is burned onto in optical projection system;
C () described composite grating is adjusted by projection system projects to measured object surface, composite grating by measured object apparent height
System produces the composite grating of new shape;
D () gathers described new shape composite grating with industrial camera, and the composite grating of the new shape of collection is sent into meter
In calculation machine processing system;
E () in computer processing system, the composite grating of the new shape gathered by industrial camera passes through five step phase shift method solutions
Phase, obtains cosine grating wrapped phase and echelon wrapped phase respectively;
F the echelon wrapped phase for obtaining is carried out rounding treatment by (), and the combination cosine grating wrapped phase will
Wrapped phase is launched into absolute phase;
G () carries out the reconstruction of object dimensional information by absolute phase non-linear relation corresponding with measured object depth.
2. it is according to claim 1 based on composite grating projection quick three-dimensional measuring method, it is characterised in that:Described
In step (a), the measuring system carries synchronous Trigger Function, can gather the grating that projects away moment and be sent to calculating
Machine processing system.
3. it is according to claim 1 based on composite grating projection quick three-dimensional measuring method, it is characterised in that:Described
In step (b), the composite grating be by specific period than single cosine grating and single echelon in single Color Channel
Under be composited, the computing formula of its intensity profile is as follows:
Ik(x, y)=I'(x, y)+I " (x, y) cos [φr(x,y)-r×kπ/5]+I”'(x,y)cos[φs(x,y)-s×kπ/
5] (1)
Wherein, (x, y) represents pixel coordinate, and I ' (x, y) represents composite grating background intensity, I " (x, y) expression cosine grating
Modulate intensity, I " ' (x, y) represent echelon modulate intensity, φrCosine grating wrapped phase is represented, r represents cosine grating
The scale factor of phase-shift phase, φsEchelon wrapped phase is represented, s represents the scale factor of echelon phase-shift phase, Ik(x,y)
Represent kth width composite grating, k=0,1,2,3,4.
4. it is according to claim 1 based on composite grating projection quick three-dimensional measuring method, it is characterised in that:Described
In step (e), the computing formula of the five steps phase shift method is as follows:
Wherein, (x, y) represents pixel coordinate, φr(x, y) represents cosine grating wrapped phase, and r represents cosine grating phase-shift phase
Scale factor, φs(x, y) represents echelon wrapped phase, and s represents the scale factor of echelon phase-shift phase, Ik(x, y) table
Show kth width composite grating, k=0,1,2,3,4.
5. it is according to claim 1 based on composite grating projection quick three-dimensional measuring method, it is characterised in that:Described
In step (f), the computing formula of the rounding treatment is:
K (x, y)=round [5 φs(x,y)/2π] (3)
Wherein, φs(x, y) represents echelon wrapped phase, and round represents rounding function, and K (x, y) represents the ladder after rounding
Grating wrapped phase;
The computing formula of the absolute phase is as follows:
Φw(x, y)=φr(x,y)+K(x,y)·2π (4)
Wherein, φr(x, y) represents cosine grating wrapped phase, and K (x, y) represents the echelon wrapped phase after rounding, Φw
(x, y) represents absolute phase.
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