CN106839968A - Rotor space axis of bending test system and its method of testing - Google Patents
Rotor space axis of bending test system and its method of testing Download PDFInfo
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- CN106839968A CN106839968A CN201610238056.XA CN201610238056A CN106839968A CN 106839968 A CN106839968 A CN 106839968A CN 201610238056 A CN201610238056 A CN 201610238056A CN 106839968 A CN106839968 A CN 106839968A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
- G01B7/28—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
- G01B7/281—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring contours or curvatures for measuring contour or curvature along an axis, e.g. axial curvature of a pipeline or along a series of feeder rollers
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of rotor space axis of bending test system and its method of testing,The system includes motor,Computer,NI data acquisition units,Speed detector,Eddy current displacement sensor etc.,By setting key signal point on the keyway of rotor,In each test surfaces outer circumferential horizontal and vertical position of rotor, two eddy current displacement sensors are set,Obtain the displacement both horizontally and vertically in rotor test face,Speed detector is used to detect the speed of rotor,The signal that eddy current displacement sensor and speed detector are measured accesses NI data acquisition units and sends to computer and processed,Synthesis orbit of shaft center and initial phase site,Obtain bending vector of each test surfaces relative to pivot,Then the rotor space function of flexure is obtained according to bending vector,Finally obtain the three-dimensional entity model of bending rotor.Carrying out test using the method has good reliability.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to rotor bow field of measuring technique, and in particular to a kind of rotor space axis of bending test system and
Its method of testing.
Background technology
In practice, rotor-support-foundation system is inevitably present initial engineering due to uneven, the manufacturing and fixing error of material
Buckling phenomenon, dynamic deflection increases during rotor bow failure will cause rotor operation process, the vibration aggravation of unit.It is relevant at present curved
The measurement of bent rotor, usual way is measured using dial gauge or amesdial.
Dial gauge mensuration and amesdial mensuration belong to contact type measurement, due to some mechanical special constructions, hundred
The erection of point table and alignment are bothered very much, are easily affected by human factors, it is difficult to ensure that the accuracy of measurement, certainty of measurement compared with
It is low.Although laser scanning measurement method solves the problems, such as non-cpntact measurement, improves certainty of measurement, but at present, the country there is no into
Ripe product and perfect production line, product is in the development stage, relies primarily in import, and cost is higher, while lacking
3-D graphic to bending shaft test data is rebuild.
The content of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are：A kind of rotor space axis of bending test system and its test side are provided
Method, solves the problems, such as that method of testing accuracy of the prior art and certainty of measurement are low.
The present invention uses following technical scheme to solve above-mentioned technical problem：
Rotor space axis of bending test system, including motor, computer, NI data acquisition units, speed detector, electricity
Eddy displacement sensor, rotor is connected with motor by nylon rope, key signal point is set on the keyway of rotor, in each of rotor
Test surfaces outer circumferential horizontal and vertical position sets two eddy current displacement sensors, the level for obtaining rotor test face
With the displacement of vertical direction, speed detector is used to detect the speed of rotor, by eddy current displacement sensor via preposition
Signal after amplifier, and the signal that speed detector is measured accesses NI data acquisition units, into the data of the collector
It is connected with computer by USB data line, the multiple test by the rotor bow test software in computer to receiving
The signal in face is processed, synthesize orbit of shaft center and initial phase site, obtain each test surfaces relative to pivot bending to
Amount, then obtains the rotor space function of flexure according to bending vector, finally obtains the three-dimensional entity model of bending rotor.
The speed detector includes sensitive film and photoelectric sensor, and the sensitive film is fixedly installed on rotor
Rotor synchronous rotary, photoelectric sensor are followed at keyway to be used to produce a pulse letter when sensitive film is detected
Number, and by being transmitted after amplification to NI data acquisition units.
Comprise the following steps：
Step 1：Key signal point is set at the keyway of rotor, the key signal point is demarcated for original position, with keyway
Horizontal direction is x-axis, and, as y-axis sets up coordinate system, the rotor axial end axle center away from motor is set with perpendicular to the direction of rotor
It is the origin of coordinates, uniformly chooses multiple testing sections along rotor length direction, and record the coordinate of each testing section pivot
Value；
Step 2：Two are respectively provided with any one testing section same position be mutually perpendicular to eddy current displacement sensor；
Step 3：The signal that eddy current displacement sensor is obtained is amplified via preamplifier, the signal after amplification
NI data acquisition units are linked into the tach signal that photoelectric sensor is measured, then, are sent to computer；
Step 4：Start motor rotor driven at the uniform velocity to rotate, obtain the current rotating speed of rotor, two current vortex displacement sensings
Device tests displacement of the testing section along change in coordinate axis direction, obtains axle center rotational trajectory and the initial phase site of testing section,
Obtain bending vector of each cross-section centroid under same absolute coordinate relative to pivot；
Step 5：Two eddy current displacement sensors are moved at adjacent testing section；
Step 6：Step 2 to step 5 is repeated, until obtaining all of testing section centre of form relative to pivot
Amount of bow；
Step 7：All of testing section is fitted to curvature of space function along the displacement of change in coordinate axis direction；
Step 8：3D solid is carried out to bending rotor to show.
The rotating speed of the rotor is 72rpm.
Eddy current displacement sensor is fixed using support in the step 2, is arranged at horizontal and vertical position.
OPENGL graph functions are called using Visual C++ programmings in the step 8, bending rotor is carried out three-dimensional real
Body shows.
With it is existing measurement rotor bow degree method, the invention has the advantages that：
1st, test system structure is simple in the present invention, and behaviour is convenient, further, since be measurement at the low rotational speed, to sensing
Device and collecting device it is less demanding, so as to reduce the cost of required testing equipment.
2nd, method good reliability, measures the amount of bow data of rotor, and lead in the present invention using current vortex sensor experiment
Dial gauge is crossed to verify its result, it is as a result basically identical, thus with good reliability.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is rotor-rolling bearing tester pictorial diagram.
Fig. 2 is the test system block diagram of rotor space axis of bending.
Fig. 3 is rotor bow test flow chart.
Fig. 4 is rotor bow test philosophy schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 is test request schematic diagram.
Fig. 6 measures 6 sectional axis trajectory diagrams for current vortex, wherein, (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f) are followed successively by and cut
The Chart of axes track in face 1 to section 6.
Fig. 7 (a) is the rotor bow curve and actual measurement rotor bow curve comparison figure after X is fitted to Spline interpolation.
Fig. 7 (b) is the rotor bow curve and actual measurement rotor bow curve comparison figure after the fitting of Y-direction Spline interpolation.
Fig. 8 is the 3D solid figure of the bending rotor that fitting is obtained under different angles, wherein, (a), (b), (c) are respectively
The image of fitting in XOZ, YOZ, any visual angle plane.
Fig. 9 (a) is the Jeffcott rotor force analysis schematic diagram with initial bending.
Fig. 9 (b) is the Jeffcott rotor schematic diagram with initial bending.
Figure 10 (a) is X of the single-mode system under basic excitation to model of vibration.
Figure 10 (b) is Y-direction model of vibration of the single-mode system under basic excitation.
Specific embodiment
Structure of the invention and the course of work are described further below：
The present invention proposes a kind of utilization eddy current displacement sensor and measures the method for rotor bow amount, and utilizes computer
Graphics method, the three-dimensional bending data of countershaft have carried out three-dimensional reconstruction and display.Research work of the present invention is for China certainly
The crooked test system of main research and development rotating shaft provides new method and thinking.
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, Fig. 1 is the rotor-rolling bearing tester three-dimensional entity model used in the present invention, figure
2 is the test system block diagram that the present invention measures rotor bow degree based on eddy current displacement sensor, and rotor space axis of bending is surveyed
Test system, including motor, computer, NI data acquisition units, speed detector, eddy current displacement sensor, rotor and motor
Connected by nylon rope, key signal point is set on the keyway of rotor, it is horizontal and vertical in each test surfaces outer circumferential of rotor
Position sets two eddy current displacement sensors, the displacement both horizontally and vertically for obtaining rotor test face, rotating speed
Detection means is used to detect the speed of rotor, by eddy current displacement sensor via the signal after preamplifier, and rotating speed
The signal that detection means is measured accesses NI data acquisition units, and the data into the collector pass through USB data line and computer phase
Connection, the signal of the multiple test surfaces by the rotor bow test software in computer to receiving is processed, and synthesizes axle
Heart track and initial phase site, obtain bending vector of each test surfaces relative to pivot, are then obtained according to bending vector
The rotor space function of flexure, finally obtains the three-dimensional entity model of bending rotor.
In addition, rotor of the present invention can also be stated with rotor-rolling bearing tester.
The speed detector includes sensitive film and photoelectric sensor, and the sensitive film is fixedly installed on rotor
Rotor synchronous rotary, photoelectric sensor are followed at keyway to be used to produce a pulse letter when sensitive film is detected
Number, and by being transmitted after amplification to NI data acquisition units.
The system sets a motor, and what is be connected with motor is rotor-rolling bearing exerciser, in rotating shaft end head position patch
Upper sensitive film, corresponding with the sensitive film is photoelectric sensor, for obtaining rotating speed, two is built on tested surface
Orthogonal current vortex sensor, the sensor by charge amplifier, by sensor transmissions line and NI data acquisitions
Device is connected, and the measured value of rotor bow amount is reached the computer equipped with rotor bow test software by NI data acquisition units, through turning
Sub- crooked test software obtains orbit of shaft center and its initial phase site of tested surface.
It is required that in the same position of each test surfaces, it is general that sensor is fixed using support such as in horizontal and vertical position,
Due to the limitation of sensor, what the present invention took is that section is tested one by one；
As shown in Figure 3, Figure 4, Fig. 3 is rotor bow test flow chart, and Fig. 4 is rotor bow test philosophy schematic diagram, figure
Defined in keyway horizontal direction as X-direction, be Y direction to vertical axle, set up the coordinate system in section, from X-axis just
Direction rotates to Y direction counterclockwise.Therefore it is positive direction to define angular velocity of rotation and rotate in a counter-clockwise direction.
A kind of method of testing of rotor space axis of bending, comprises the following steps that：
Step 1：Key signal point is set at the keyway of rotor, the key signal point is demarcated for original position, with keyway
Horizontal direction is x-axis, and, as y-axis sets up coordinate system, the rotor axial end axle center away from motor is set with perpendicular to the direction of rotor
It is the origin of coordinates, uniformly chooses multiple testing sections along rotor length direction, and record the coordinate of each testing section pivot
Value；
Step 2：Two are respectively provided with any one testing section same position be mutually perpendicular to eddy current displacement sensor；
Step 3：The signal that eddy current displacement sensor is obtained is amplified via preamplifier, the signal after amplification
NI data acquisition units are linked into the tach signal that photoelectric sensor is measured, then, are sent to computer；
Step 4：Start motor rotor driven at the uniform velocity to rotate, obtain the current rotating speed of rotor, two current vortex displacement sensings
Device tests displacement of the testing section along change in coordinate axis direction, obtains axle center rotational trajectory and the initial phase site of testing section,
Obtain bending vector of each cross-section centroid under same absolute coordinate relative to pivot；
Step 5：Two eddy current displacement sensors are moved at adjacent testing section；
Step 6：Step 2 to step 5 is repeated, until obtaining all of testing section centre of form relative to pivot
Amount of bow；
Step 7：All of testing section is fitted to curvature of space function along the displacement of change in coordinate axis direction；
Step 8：3D solid is carried out to bending rotor to show.
Key signal point provides unified phase reference point, and the present invention is by pasting sensitive film, and photoelectricity on rotor
Sensor is realized, when photoelectric sensor is directed at sensitive film, then produces a pulse, and rotor rotates a circle one arteries and veins of generation
Punching, counts by the pulse number in certain hour, obtains current rotating speed.
Below specific method of testing of the invention is illustrated as a example by uniformly choosing 6 test surfaces in rotating shaft：
The initial time unification of each test surfaces vibration signal is directed at sensitive film to photoelectric sensor by key signal
Moment, reject key phase pulse before data point, insufficient section zero padding, the horizontal direction with sensitive film as X-direction, to hang down
Straight axle is Y direction, sets up the coordinate system in section, records the coordinate value of each test surfaces；
Two orthogonal eddy current displacement sensors are built at first testing section of rotor, fixed rotating speed is
72rpm, obtains orbit of shaft center and its initial phase site of first test surfaces, and now the coordinate in initial phase site is the test
Displacement at face both horizontally and vertically, then other test surfaces displacement both horizontally and vertically is measured successively；
To the response signal by each test surfaces of the rotor after key phase processor, synthesize orbit of shaft center, obtain same absolute seat
Bending vector of each test surfaces centre of form relative to pivot under mark；
According to the rotor bow vector that each section obtains, rotor is gone out in space coordinates O- using Spline-Fitting
Curvature of space function in XYZ；
OPENGL graph functions are called using Visual C++ programmings, having carried out 3D solid to bending rotor shows.
As shown in Figure 5, it is desirable to which the arrangement of key phase and the direction of rotation of bending rotor will meet the requirement of schematic diagram.
Fig. 6 is that the present invention is tested based on eddy current displacement sensor measurement rotor bow degree, is 2.5KHz in sample frequency,
Rotary rpm be 72rpm under, 6 Chart of axes track of testing section for measuring, wherein, (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f)
The Chart of axes track in section 1 to section 6 is followed successively by, the point of circles mark is initial phase site.
As shown in Fig. 7 (a), Fig. 7 (b), 6 data in the initial phase site in section in Fig. 6 are read, arrangement obtains 6 surveys
Examination section x to amount of bow and y to amount of bow, and then set up with axial displacement as abscissa, amount of bow is the seat of ordinate
Mark system, respectively obtains actual measurement rotor X, Y-direction buckling curve, further according to the bending vector in each section, by Spline interpolation
Fitting obtains bending vector of the rotor at other sections, and X is to, Y-direction measured result and fitting result to such as Fig. 7 (a), Fig. 7
(b)。
As shown in figure 8, the present embodiment is averagely divided into 37 sections by rotor is bent, 38 sections are obtained, set rotating shaft two
It is 0 to hold amount of bow a little, each section flexure vector obtained by fitting, is programmed using Visual C++ and calls OPENGL to paint
Figure function, the space for realizing bending rotor shows that fitting obtains the 3D solid figure of bending rotor as shown in Figure 8, wherein,
(a), (b), (c) in Fig. 8 is respectively the image of fitting in XOZ, YOZ, any visual angle plane.
System and method principle of the invention is described in detail as follows：
1st, rotor bow fault vibration Analysis on Mechanism
Shown in Jeffcott rotor model such as Fig. 9 (a), Fig. 9 (b), disk quality is m, and its barycenter M deviates geometric center o1Away from
From being ε, the rigidity of axle is k, and the quality of axle is ignored, and damped coefficient is c, and the axle initial bending amount at disk is rs.Fig. 1
In, p is disk barycenter motion vector, and r is total displacement amplitude vector, rdIt is dynamic response amplitude vector.o0It is due to initial curved
Song causes to deviate the geometric center after pivot o.
Obviously, by the dynamic balancing of the inertia force of system, damping force and elastic force, the motion side of system can be obtained
Journey, i.e.,：
Can be obtained by geometrical relationship, p=r+ ε, rd=r-rs, substitute into formula (1) and obtain：
If：
Formula (3), formula (4), formula (5) are substituted into formula (2), can be obtained,
As can be seen that initial bending and mass eccentricity are two independent exciting forces from formula (6), in not considering formula (6)
Due to the uneven exciting force that mass eccentricity causes, then formula (6) is changed into,
Obviously, the differential equation of motion corresponds to the oscillatory differential equation under Figure 10 (a), the basic excitation of Figure 10 (b).By
This is visible, and rotor bow failure is substantially the vibration under a kind of basic excitation.
2nd, the rotor bow measurement principle analysis based on eddy current displacement sensor
Knowable to the vibration mechanism of initial bending failure, when mass eccentricity away from initial bending simultaneously in the presence of, height turn
Under speed, r=rd+rs, i.e. what is measured with eddy current displacement sensor is two vectors of rotating vector, cannot be isolated certainly
Initial bending vector rs.Because the oscillatory differential equation that begin bending and mass eccentricity cause is：
BecauseSo, substituted into formula
(8) can obtain,
Obviously, when ω=0, r=rs, i.e., when rotating speed is very low, the rotor response measured by current vortex sensor can be near
Like the amount of bow for rotor.
Claims (6)
1. rotor space axis of bending test system, it is characterised in that：Including motor, computer, NI data acquisition units, rotating speed inspection
Device, eddy current displacement sensor are surveyed, rotor is connected with motor by nylon rope, key signal point are set on the keyway of rotor,
Two eddy current displacement sensors are set in each test surfaces outer circumferential horizontal and vertical position of rotor, are surveyed for obtaining rotor
The displacement both horizontally and vertically in examination face, speed detector is used to detect the speed of rotor, and current vortex displacement is sensed
Device is via the signal after preamplifier, and the signal that measures of speed detector accesses NI data acquisition units, entrance this adopt
The data of storage are connected by USB data line with computer, by the rotor bow test software in computer to receiving
The signal of multiple test surfaces processed, synthesize orbit of shaft center and initial phase site, obtain each test surfaces relative in rotation
The bending vector of the heart, then obtains the rotor space function of flexure according to bending vector, finally obtains the 3D solid of bending rotor
Model.
2. rotor space axis of bending test system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The speed detector
Including sensitive film and photoelectric sensor, the sensitive film is fixedly installed at the keyway of rotor and follows rotor synchronous rotary,
Photoelectric sensor is used to produce a pulse signal when sensitive film is detected, and by being transmitted after amplification to NI numbers
According to collector.
3. the method for testing of rotor space axis of bending test system described in claim 1 is based on, it is characterised in that：Including following
Step：
Step 1：Key signal point is set at the keyway of rotor, the key signal point is demarcated for original position, with keyway level
Direction is x-axis, as y-axis sets up coordinate system, to set the rotor axial end axle center away from motor perpendicular to the direction of rotor to sit
Mark origin, uniformly chooses multiple testing sections, and record the coordinate value of each testing section pivot along rotor length direction；
Step 2：Two are respectively provided with any one testing section same position be mutually perpendicular to eddy current displacement sensor；
Step 3：The signal that eddy current displacement sensor is obtained is amplified via preamplifier, signal and light after amplification
The tach signal that electric speed probe is measured is linked into NI data acquisition units, then, sends to computer；
Step 4：Start motor rotor driven at the uniform velocity to rotate, obtain the current rotating speed of rotor, two eddy current displacement sensors are surveyed
Displacement of the testing section along change in coordinate axis direction is tried, axle center rotational trajectory and the initial phase site of testing section is obtained, obtained
Bending vector of each cross-section centroid relative to pivot under same absolute coordinate；
Step 5：Two eddy current displacement sensors are moved at adjacent testing section；
Step 6：Step 2 to step 5 is repeated, until obtaining bending of all of testing section centre of form relative to pivot
Amount；
Step 7：All of testing section is fitted to curvature of space function along the displacement of change in coordinate axis direction；
Step 8：3D solid is carried out to bending rotor to show.
4. the method for testing of rotor space axis of bending test system according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：The rotor
Rotating speed be 72rpm.
5. the method for testing of rotor space axis of bending test system according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：The step
Eddy current displacement sensor is fixed using support in 2, is arranged at horizontal and vertical position.
6. the method for testing of rotor space axis of bending test system according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：The step
OPENGL graph functions are called using Visual C++ programmings in 8, carrying out 3D solid to bending rotor shows.
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107895077A (en) * | 2017-11-10 | 2018-04-10 | 西安交通大学 | Consider that disk rouses the gas turbine pull rod rotor assembly parameter optimization method of more manufacture factors |
| CN109541466A (en) * | 2018-12-07 | 2019-03-29 | 雷勃电气（苏州）有限公司 | A kind of Electric machine structure part fatigue life on-line measuring device and detection method |
| CN110631767A (en) * | 2019-10-29 | 2019-12-31 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Rotor experiment system and unbalance testing experiment method thereof |
| CN110646139A (en) * | 2018-06-26 | 2020-01-03 | 申克罗泰克有限责任公司 | Method for determining the unbalance of a shaft-elastic rotor on the basis of the degree of curvature |
| CN111380468A (en) * | 2020-04-23 | 2020-07-07 | 贵州电网有限责任公司 | Device and method for measuring rotor eccentricity and phase of steam turbine generator unit |
| CN113092116A (en) * | 2021-05-20 | 2021-07-09 | 江苏金沃伺服冲床有限公司 | Servo motor fault detection device for servo machinery and use method thereof |
| CN115993110A (en) * | 2021-10-18 | 2023-04-21 | 福建福清核电有限公司 | Dynamic measuring method for levelness of journal |
| CN117570909A (en) * | 2024-01-16 | 2024-02-20 | 北京航空航天大学 | Rotor deformation identification method with connecting structure |
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Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107895077A (en) * | 2017-11-10 | 2018-04-10 | 西安交通大学 | Consider that disk rouses the gas turbine pull rod rotor assembly parameter optimization method of more manufacture factors |
| CN107895077B (en) * | 2017-11-10 | 2020-03-17 | 西安交通大学 | Gas turbine pull rod rotor assembly parameter optimization method considering multiple disk and drum manufacturing factors |
| CN110646139A (en) * | 2018-06-26 | 2020-01-03 | 申克罗泰克有限责任公司 | Method for determining the unbalance of a shaft-elastic rotor on the basis of the degree of curvature |
| CN110646139B (en) * | 2018-06-26 | 2023-06-27 | 申克罗泰克有限责任公司 | Method for determining the unbalance of an axially elastic rotor from bending |
| CN109541466A (en) * | 2018-12-07 | 2019-03-29 | 雷勃电气（苏州）有限公司 | A kind of Electric machine structure part fatigue life on-line measuring device and detection method |
| CN110631767A (en) * | 2019-10-29 | 2019-12-31 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Rotor experiment system and unbalance testing experiment method thereof |
| CN111380468A (en) * | 2020-04-23 | 2020-07-07 | 贵州电网有限责任公司 | Device and method for measuring rotor eccentricity and phase of steam turbine generator unit |
| CN113092116A (en) * | 2021-05-20 | 2021-07-09 | 江苏金沃伺服冲床有限公司 | Servo motor fault detection device for servo machinery and use method thereof |
| CN115993110A (en) * | 2021-10-18 | 2023-04-21 | 福建福清核电有限公司 | Dynamic measuring method for levelness of journal |
| CN115993110B (en) * | 2021-10-18 | 2024-06-11 | 福建福清核电有限公司 | Dynamic measuring method for levelness of journal |
| CN117570909A (en) * | 2024-01-16 | 2024-02-20 | 北京航空航天大学 | Rotor deformation identification method with connecting structure |
| CN117570909B (en) * | 2024-01-16 | 2024-04-12 | 北京航空航天大学 | Rotor deformation identification method with connecting structure |
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