CN106837310B - Petroleum well kick and leakage forecasting method and device based on mass flow comprehensive detection - Google Patents
Petroleum well kick and leakage forecasting method and device based on mass flow comprehensive detection Download PDFInfo
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 238000013277 forecasting method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 3
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 title description 5
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000003129 oil well Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/10—Locating fluid leaks, intrusions or movements
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Abstract
The invention provides an oil well kick and leakage forecasting method based on mass flow comprehensive detection, which obtains water conservancy parameter characteristics of a mud circulation system at different stages in a drilling process, namely the mass flow characteristics of mud, through a flow shunting device; setting a judgment threshold of outlet mass flow abnormity; calculating the mass flow of the slurry at the inlet of the main pipeline according to the efficiency of the slurry pump and the pump stroke number; the instantaneous mass flow of the outlet of the main pipeline is accurately measured through the flow shunting device, the threshold value is comprehensively judged, and whether the well kick and the well leakage exist or not is judged. The invention creatively provides and uses the water conservancy parameter characteristics of the mud circulation system, thereby distinguishing the water conservancy parameter characteristics of the mud circulation system at different stages in the drilling process and establishing a new normal state, thereby more accurately distinguishing the invasion well kick of liquid and gas with abnormally increased mass flow and the well leakage with abnormally decreased well or the risk of insufficient carrying of drilling cuttings.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of drilling engineering in petroleum exploration, and particularly relates to a method and a device for forecasting oil well kick and leakage.
Background
The drilling engineering in petroleum exploration is a key stage for finding geological oil production layers, and heavy and complex engineering technologies are adopted to drill holes from the earth surface or an ocean platform to the complex underground so as to achieve the purpose of finding oil and gas storage layers. Among them, during geological drilling, the possible well kick and well leakage are the most common and dangerous accidents of stratum in drilling engineering, and are often developed into serious accidents such as blowout. Finding well kick and well leakage in advance and forecasting the stratum accidents are important links and means for guaranteeing the safety of drilling engineering. In the traditional method, the change of the volume and the flow of the returned mud is observed to judge whether the well kick or the well leakage (the increase or the loss of the drilling fluid) exists, and the method is simple, rough and lagged, and is difficult to eliminate the interference of the mud performance, the borehole size, the movable drilling tool, the tide and the storm and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention discloses a method and a device for forecasting the well kick and the well leakage of the petroleum based on the comprehensive detection of mass flow, which can eliminate the interference, find the phenomena of the well kick and the well leakage more quickly and accurately, alarm in advance and guide the corresponding action.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows: a method for forecasting oil well kick and leakage based on mass flow comprehensive detection comprises the following steps:
s1, acquiring water conservancy parameter characteristics of the mud circulation system at different stages in the drilling process, namely mass flow characteristics of mud, through a flow diversion device; setting a judgment threshold of outlet mass flow abnormity;
s2, calculating inlet mass flow QFIN of slurry entering a wellhead according to the efficiency of the slurry pump and the pump stroke number;
s3, accurately measuring through a flow diversion device and obtaining instantaneous mass flow QFaut of the outlet of the main pipeline according to the activity state and the surge state of the drilling tool;
and S4, integrating the judgment threshold values of S1, and judging whether the well kick and the well leakage exist.
Further, the specific method of step S1 is:
s101, arranging a flow shunting device at an outlet of a main pipeline;
s102, in the drilling process, recording a group of system characteristic parameters every time a new well section is entered, and performing signal processing under a specific pump stroke number according to the step-by-step pump stroke number lifting; recording the reading time difference T and the characteristic parameter group of the flow dividing device under the new well section; the characteristic parameter group comprises an inlet flow f, a mass qf and a real-time mass flow QFaut detected by the flow shunting device;
s103, reducing the pump stroke number step by step, and processing signals under a specific pump stroke number; recording the reading time difference T and the characteristic parameter group of the flow shunting device; the characteristic parameter group comprises an inlet flow f, a mass qf and a real-time mass flow QFaut detected by the flow shunting device;
s104, obtaining Tn, fn, qfn and QOUtn at different moments according to the steps S102 and S103; generating an array named as a water conservancy fingerprint;
and S105, setting a safety range, namely an abnormal judgment threshold, according to the water conservancy fingerprint array.
Further, in the step S2, the calculation process of the mass flow rate of the mud at the main pipeline inlet further needs to synthesize the mud parameters, the drilling wellbore parameters and the real-time engineering state, and correct the deviation factor generated by the mud pump and the pipeline system, including the mud compression correction coefficient, to obtain the inlet mass flow rate QFin.
Furthermore, the calculation method of the pulp compression correction coefficient comprises the following steps:
where Δ SPP is the moving smooth SPP (mean SPP — last 30 point mean SPP).
Further, the accurate measurement of the instantaneous mass flow at the outlet of the main pipeline in step S3 requires the synthesis of the drilling tool activity correction factor, which includes the data moving smoothing filtering process for the disturbance caused by the floating fluctuation of the offshore oil drilling vessel.
Further, the method for calculating the drilling tool activity correction coefficient comprises the following steps:
where Δ BD is BD (starting time-late flow time-active time T) -BD (starting time-late flow time), late flow time TFD is the beginning of the well section active drilling tool-overflow (or late flow) occurs;
and correspondingly offsetting or compensating the parameter change of the floating and surge of the ship body by the drill bit depth function delta BD.
The invention also provides a detection device applying the method, which comprises a flow shunting device arranged at the outlet of the main pipeline and a signal collector;
the flow shunting device comprises a shunting inlet, a shunting outlet and a shunting pipe, wherein the shunting inlet and the shunting outlet are arranged on the main pipeline;
the shunt pipe is provided with a shunt inlet valve at the shunt inlet, a shunt outlet valve at the shunt outlet, and a main pipeline valve is arranged between the shunt inlet and the shunt outlet;
the signal collector comprises a high-precision mass flow sensor, an electromagnetic flow sensor, an ultrasonic flow sensor, a pumping pressure sensor, a radar liquid level sensor, a torque sensor, a depth sensor and a ship body floating compensator.
Furthermore, the high-precision mass flow sensor or the electromagnetic flow sensor or the ultrasonic flow sensor is arranged on a flow shunting device at an outlet of the main pipeline.
Further, the shunt tube is provided with a filter between the shunt inlet valve and the shunt outlet valve.
Further, the shunt pipe is provided with a zero setting calibration valve between the shunt inlet valve and the shunt outlet valve.
Compared with the prior art, the method and the device for forecasting the oil well kick and the leakage based on the mass flow comprehensive detection have the following advantages:
the invention creatively provides and uses the water conservancy parameter characteristics of the mud circulation system, so as to distinguish the water conservancy parameter characteristics of the mud circulation system at different stages in the drilling process, also called water conservancy fingerprints, and establish a new normal state, thereby more accurately distinguishing the invasion well kick of liquid and gas with abnormally increased mass flow and the well leakage or insufficient carrying danger of drilling cuttings with abnormally reduced mass flow.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate an embodiment of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus application according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein: 1. a main line valve;
2. a shunt outlet valve;
3. a diverter inlet valve;
4. a filter and a zero setting calibration valve.
5. Drilling tools;
6. a main pipeline;
7. a device body.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments of the present invention and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
The device of the invention is finally formed after strict engineering parameter calculation and a large amount of engineering practice correction, the structure and each component of the device are completed as a sketch shown in figure 2, and the device comprises a flow shunting device arranged at the outlet of a main pipeline and a signal collector;
the flow shunting device comprises a shunting inlet, a shunting outlet and a shunting pipe, wherein the shunting inlet and the shunting outlet are arranged on the main pipeline;
the shunt pipe is provided with a shunt inlet valve 3 at a shunt inlet, a shunt outlet valve 2 at a shunt outlet, and a main pipeline valve 1 between the shunt inlet and the shunt outlet;
and a filter and zero setting calibration valve 4 is arranged between the shunt inlet valve and the shunt outlet valve of the shunt pipe.
The signal collector comprises a high-precision mass flow sensor, an electromagnetic flow sensor, an ultrasonic flow sensor, a pumping pressure sensor, a radar liquid level sensor, a torque sensor, a depth sensor and a ship body floating compensator.
The high-precision mass flow sensor, the electromagnetic flow sensor or the ultrasonic flow sensor are arranged on a flow shunting device at an outlet of the main pipeline.
The pump pressure sensor is positioned on a mud pump, and the radar liquid level sensor and the torque sensor are positioned on the drilling tool 7.
Referring to fig. 3, which is a schematic view showing a specific application of the embodiment of the present invention, the device body 7 is disposed at an outlet position of the main pipeline 6.
The working method of the invention as shown in figure 1 is as follows:
s1, acquiring water conservancy parameter characteristics of the mud circulation system at different stages in the drilling process, namely mass flow characteristics of mud, through a flow diversion device; setting a judgment threshold of outlet mass flow abnormity;
the method comprises the following steps:
A. in the drilling process, the valve 1 of the device is opened or closed according to the working conditions of different well sections, and the valves 2 and 3 are correspondingly opened and closed in a matching way, so that the backflow mud is changed to flow through the device.
B. After the slurry pump is started, according to the time control mechanism of the invention, the inlet flow f is calculated according to a certain specific pump efficiency and impulse number1And mass qf1And correspondingly and regularly obtaining the real-time mass flow QF detected by the deviceout1。
C. Returning to A, gradually increasing the pump stroke number, opening the valve 1, closing the valve 3 and the valve 2, processing the acquired quality signals at selected time, comparing, checking and calibrating to obtain fnAnd mass qfnAnd QFoutn。
D. Returning to A, reducing the pump stroke number step by step, opening the valve 1, closing the valve 3 and the valve 2, and continuously obtaining fn、qfnAnd corresponding QFoutnThe method of the invention obtains the characteristic fingerprint of the water conservancy parameter of the mud system.
E. According to the staged characteristic 'fingerprint' of the mud circulation system, the safety range is set, and related operators are timely informed to process in an audible and visual alarm mode.
S2, calculating inlet mass flow QFIN of slurry entering a wellhead according to the efficiency of the slurry pump and the pump stroke number;
in the calculation process, the mud parameters, the drilling shaft parameters and the real-time engineering state are also required to be integrated, the deviation factors generated by the mud pump and the pipeline system are corrected, the deviation factors comprise mud compression correction coefficients, and the inlet mass flow QFIN is obtained.
The calculation method of the pulp compression correction coefficient comprises the following steps:
where Δ SPP is the moving smooth SPP (mean SPP — last 30 point mean SPP).
S3, accurately measuring through a flow diversion device and obtaining instantaneous mass flow Qfout of the outlet of the main pipeline according to the activity state and the surge state of the drilling tool 7;
wherein, the correction coefficient of the movement of the drilling tool 7 is required to be synthesized, and the correction coefficient of the movement of the drilling tool 7 comprises the data moving smooth filtering processing of the interference caused by the floating fluctuation of the offshore oil drilling ship.
The calculation method of the drilling tool 7 activity correction coefficient comprises the following steps:
where Δ BD is BD (starting time — late flow time-active time T) -BD (starting time — late flow time), and late flow time TFD is the start of the section active drilling tool 7-flooding (or late flow) occurs;
and correspondingly offsetting or compensating the parameter change of the floating and surge of the ship body by the drill bit depth function delta BD.
And S4, integrating the judgment threshold values of S1, and judging whether the well kick and the well leakage exist.
The description is as follows:
1) based on the device or the peripheral extension change of the device, the instantaneous mass flow of a mud outlet can be accurately measured, mud parameters and drilling shaft parameters are integrated, and the calculated inlet mass flow QFIN deviation factors generated by a mud pump and a pipeline system are corrected, wherein the calculated inlet mass flow QFIN deviation factors comprise mud compression coefficients and the like;
2) comparing data of algorithms determined by real-time monitoring of returned mud and 'fingerprint' of mud system, setting several judgment thresholds and modes of outlet mass flow abnormity, and sending out corresponding acousto-optic alarm, wherein the set alarm range can be +/-5L-50L, the precision can reach 0.1%, and the range is 0.2T/min-12T/min
3) The method comprises the steps of calculating and correcting hydraulic parameters of the mud circulating system, wherein the hydraulic parameters comprise mud compression factors, mud pump discharge efficiency, expansion factors (thermal expansion and foaming expansion) in a mud pit shaft, and reasonable changes of mass flow corresponding to drilling speed and late time, and the hydraulic parameters are well-established and applied in software.
4) The invention creatively provides and uses a mud system fingerprint method to distinguish the water conservancy parameter characteristics of a mud circulation system at different stages in the drilling process and establish a new normal state, thereby more accurately distinguishing the liquid and gas invasion well kick with abnormally increased mass flow and the well leakage or insufficient drilling cuttings carrying danger with abnormally reduced mass flow.
5) The invention designs and practices the calibration and correction method of the mud flow pumped into a shaft with the depth of several kilometers at high pressure, integrates the method into application software to carry out multi-point, nonlinear and systematic calibration, carries out the most close reproduction of the complex system factors which are difficult to be caught in the engineering implementation, eliminates the serious error of the flow difference method, and becomes an achievable engineering method rather than a theoretical idea.
6) The method of the invention carries out mode discrimination and processing on the interference caused by the floating fluctuation of the offshore oil drilling ship, comprises instantaneous and historical data processing, eliminates signal abnormity caused by engineering activities such as ship fluctuation and movable drilling tools, and obtains instantaneous outflow quality by discrimination, filtering and time integration methods, thereby ensuring real-time performance and filtering interference.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (9)
1. A method for forecasting oil well kick and leakage based on mass flow comprehensive detection is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, acquiring water conservancy parameter characteristics of the mud circulation system at different stages in the drilling process, namely mass flow characteristics of mud, through a flow diversion device; setting a judgment threshold of outlet mass flow abnormity;
s101, arranging a flow shunting device at an outlet of a main pipeline;
s102, in the drilling process, recording a group of system characteristic parameters every time a new well section is entered, and performing signal processing under the set pump stroke number according to the step-by-step pump stroke number increase; recording the reading time difference T and the characteristic parameter group of the flow diversion device under the new well section; the characteristic parameter group comprises an inlet flow f, a mass qf and a real-time mass flow QFaut detected by the flow shunting device;
s103, reducing the pump stroke number step by step, and processing signals under the set pump stroke number; recording the reading time difference T and the characteristic parameter group of the flow shunting device; the characteristic parameter group comprises an inlet flow f, a mass qf and a real-time mass flow QFaut detected by the flow shunting device;
s104, obtaining Tn, fn, qfn and QOUtn at different moments according to the steps S102 and S103; generating an array named as a water conservancy fingerprint;
s105, setting a safety range, namely an abnormal judgment threshold, according to the water conservancy fingerprint array;
s2, calculating inlet mass flow QFIN of slurry entering a wellhead according to the efficiency of the slurry pump and the pump stroke number;
s3, accurately measuring through a flow diversion device and obtaining the instantaneous mass flow of the outlet of the main pipeline according to the activity state and the surge state of the drilling tool;
and S4, integrating the judgment threshold value of S1, the inlet mass flow QFIN and the outlet instantaneous mass flow, and judging whether the well kick and the well leakage happen or not.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the calculating of the inlet mass flow rate QFin of the mud entering the wellhead at step S2 further comprises correcting the deviation factor generated by the mud pump and piping system, including the mud compression correction factor, to obtain the inlet mass flow rate QFin, based on the mud parameters and the drilling well bore parameters and the real-time engineering conditions.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the mud compression correction factor is calculated by:
where Δ SPP is the moving smooth SPP-the last 30 points mean SPP.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the step S3 of accurately measuring the instantaneous mass flow at the outlet of the main pipeline requires integrating tool activity correction factors including data moving smoothing filter processing of disturbances caused by the floating heave of the offshore oil drilling vessel.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the drill tool activity correction factor is calculated by:
Δ BD being BD1-BD2, BD1 being the start time-late flow time-active time T, BD2 being the start time-late flow time, late flow time TFD being the start of the well section active tool-the occurrence of an overflow or late flow;
and correspondingly offsetting or compensating the parameter change of the floating and surge of the ship body by the drill bit depth function delta BD.
6. A test device for use in a method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: the system comprises a flow shunting device arranged at an outlet of a main pipeline and a signal collector;
the flow shunting device comprises a shunting inlet, a shunting outlet and a shunting pipe, wherein the shunting inlet and the shunting outlet are arranged on the main pipeline;
the shunt pipe is provided with a shunt inlet valve at the shunt inlet, a shunt outlet valve at the shunt outlet, and a main pipeline valve is arranged between the shunt inlet and the shunt outlet;
the signal collector comprises a high-precision mass flow sensor, an electromagnetic flow sensor, an ultrasonic flow sensor, a pumping pressure sensor, a radar liquid level sensor, a torque sensor, a depth sensor and a ship body floating compensator.
7. A testing device according to claim 6, wherein: the high-precision mass flow sensor or the electromagnetic flow sensor or the ultrasonic flow sensor is arranged on a flow shunting device at the outlet of the main pipeline.
8. A testing device according to claim 6, wherein: the shunt tube is provided with a filter between the shunt inlet valve and the shunt outlet valve.
9. A testing device according to claim 6, wherein: and a zero setting calibration valve is arranged between the shunt inlet valve and the shunt outlet valve of the shunt pipe.
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| CN108388921B (en) * | 2018-03-05 | 2021-06-18 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Overflow loss real-time identification method based on random forest |
| CN109339768B (en) * | 2018-10-23 | 2022-04-22 | 西南石油大学 | Drilling micro-overflow while-drilling monitoring method |
| CN109236286A (en) * | 2018-10-23 | 2019-01-18 | 西南石油大学 | A kind of method of novel formation pore pressure measurement while drilling |
| CN109356573A (en) * | 2018-12-12 | 2019-02-19 | 中法渤海地质服务有限公司 | A kind of Test extraction method of stratum interval transit time |
| CN110905478B (en) * | 2019-11-07 | 2023-04-11 | 中法渤海地质服务有限公司 | Well drilling data cleaning method based on box plot method and Markov's square distance method |
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