CN106836112B - Experimental device and method for researching hydraulic power-water quality relation in cement lining river channel - Google Patents
Experimental device and method for researching hydraulic power-water quality relation in cement lining river channel Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
An experimental device and a method for researching the relation between water power and water quality in a cement lining river channel comprise a water channel main body consisting of two parallel straight channel sides and two semicircular water channel sides connecting the two straight channel sides, wherein a central clapboard is arranged in the middle of the water channel main body, the central clapboard is parallel to and is equal in length with the two straight channel sides, so that the water channel main body becomes a circulating reciprocating runway-type water channel, two straight channel sections are formed between the central clapboard and the two straight channel sides, two ends of the two straight channel sections are respectively communicated through a semicircular water channel section, the width of the straight channel section is the same as the radius of the semicircular water channel section, a drainage groove is arranged at the bottom of one semicircular water channel section, blades are arranged on one straight channel section to uniformly push water flow in the channel to move, and the device can simulate the influence of different flow rates, water depth or Reynolds number conditions in the cement lining river channel on the growth of water quality, algae and the like, the structure is simple, the construction is simple and convenient, the plug flow state of the cement lining river channel can be effectively simulated, and the experimental operation is easy to implement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental engineering, and particularly relates to an experimental device and method for researching hydraulic power-water quality relation in a cement-lined river channel.
Background
In cities, the river channel environment is closely related to activities such as life, entertainment and the like of surrounding residents, and the landscape and ecological functions of the river channel environment are generally not negligible. In urban riverways in China, cement is mostly adopted to line the riverbed surface, and manual regulation measures such as water replenishing and the like are often involved in riverway management, so that the method has important significance in the research of influence relationship between river hydraulic factors and landscape and water quality (including algae growth) of the river hydraulic factors in the urban riverway management and control.
Before the invention, the experimental device for influencing the relationship between the river channel water power and the water quality comprises a bucket type device, a straight groove device (comprising a folding straight groove) and an annular groove device. The barrel-type device enables a water body to flow in a rotating mode through vibration, stirring and the like, for example, the invention patent of a 'Microcystis aeruginosa research device' with publication number CN 102174373A is applied by the Beijing City Water sciences institute in 2011, and water flow is pushed through rotation of an underwater paddle around a barrel-type water tank. The barrel type device can simulate a completely mixed unit water body, but the flow velocity is difficult to calculate, and the requirement of research on the hydraulic power-water quality relation cannot be met. In the straight-trough device, water flows in from one end and flows out from the other end, and the straight-trough device is often used for research on attached microorganisms and cannot effectively simulate long-time water quality change of unit water. And for the annular water tank, the movement of the water body unit can be simulated, and hydraulic factors such as flow velocity and the like can be easily measured. At present, the invention discloses a ring-shaped device and a runway-shaped device, wherein the ring-shaped device comprises a ring-shaped device and a runway-shaped device, the ring-shaped device is applied to Tongji university in 2013, the publication number of the ring-shaped device is CN 103207060B, the ring-shaped device can be used for simulating the water flow characteristic of a natural river channel, and the invention discloses a truss-type full-automatic measuring and controlling test device for an annular water tank, the publication number of the test device is CN 103592101B, the test device is applied to Shanghai river mouth coast science research center; the runway type device is like the utility model patent of "utilize the device of natural river course rivers characteristic of annular basin simulation" that "publication number is CN 204495541U that 2015 year Beijing city environmental protection scientific research institute applied for, all adopts the shear force effect to drive the interior water of basin and flows.
However, the existing experimental device patents can not meet the research requirements of the research on the hydraulic-water quality factors in the artificial lining river channel for a while, and the research requirements comprise: the river width in the urban river channel is small, the water flow is slow, the urban river channel can be regarded as a plug flow river channel, and the water body is required to flow in a plug flow state as much as possible; meanwhile, the device can be used for researching the growth condition of the algae, so that the influence of external shearing force on the form and the cluster of the algae is reduced as much as possible; in addition, in order to effectively simulate the frictional force generated between the water flow and the cement surface, the release of substances from the cement river bed into the water body, the adhesion phenomenon of plankton and the like on the surface of the river bed, the interior of the device needs to be lined with cement.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide an experimental device and method for researching the hydraulic power-water quality relation in a cement lining river channel in the field of urban river channel restoration in environmental engineering, which are used for simulating the influence of different flow rates, water depths or Reynolds number conditions in the cement lining river channel on water quality, algae growth and the like, can effectively simulate the plug flow state of the cement lining river channel, are easy to operate, and have the advantages of simple structure, simplicity and convenience in construction, cost saving, strong applicability, strong pertinence and the like.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
an experimental device for researching hydraulic power-water quality relation in a cement lined river channel comprises a water tank main body 1, wherein the water tank main body 1 is composed of two straight tank edges which are parallel to each other and two semicircular water tank edges which are connected with the two straight tank edges, a central partition plate 2 is arranged in the middle of the water tank main body 1, the two straight tank edges are parallel and isometric, the water tank main body 1 is made into a circulating reciprocating runway-type water tank, two straight tank sections are formed between the central partition plate 2 and the two straight tank edges, two ends of the two straight tank sections are communicated through the semicircular water tank sections respectively, the width of the straight tank sections is the same as the radius of the semicircular water tank sections, a drainage groove 3 is arranged at the bottom of one semicircular water tank section, and a paddle 6 connected with an adjustable power device 5 is arranged at one straight tank section to uniformly push water flow in the water tank to move.
The drainage groove 3 is square or round, the bottom of the drainage groove is lower than the ground and used for placing a submersible pump for drainage, the width or the radius of the drainage groove is larger than the radius of a base of the used submersible pump, and when the topographic conditions allow the drainage groove, a straight drainage port is arranged at the bottom of the groove for gravity drainage.
The inner wall of the water tank main body 1 is lined with cement to simulate the surface of a river channel of actual artificial lining, so that the friction force generated by water flow and the cement surface and the adhesion phenomenon of attached organisms and plankton on the surface of the river bed are effectively simulated in an experiment.
The cement lining method comprises the following steps: and spot-welding 12 mm-length steel nails 13 on the inner wall of the assembled water tank main body and 9 per square centimeter of steel plate surfaces on two sides of the central partition board, plastering 10 by using cement mortar, wherein the thickness is 5-8mm, placing a wire mesh 11 on the surface of the water tank main body after the water tank main body is initially set as a reinforcement, covering 12 by using the cement mortar again, and compacting, wherein the thickness is 5-8 mm.
The paddle 6 is of a three-paddle structure, the three paddles are respectively spaced by 120 degrees and are uniformly distributed on the paddle shaft, and the size and the position of the three paddles are as follows: when the paddle is vertical to the bottom surface of the water tank, the distance between the tail end of the paddle and the bottom surface of the water tank is not less than 5cm and not more than the experimental depth; when the paddle is parallel to the water tank ground, the horizontal distance between the central line where the paddle shaft and the power device shaft are located and the starting end of the straight tank section is not less than the length of the paddle and not more than the length of 1/2 straight tank section; the hollow-out part area of the paddle is determined by the experimental water depth and the flow speed.
The adjustable power device 5 is composed of a motor and a speed reducer, the rotating speed of the paddle 6 is adjusted through a speed-adjusting knob 7 of the speed reducer, and the rotating direction 8 of the paddle enables water flow to flow from the front end of the straight groove section with the closer distance from the paddle shaft to the rear end of the straight groove section.
And the blades 6, the blade shafts thereof and the steel plates above the water surface are subjected to rust prevention treatment.
The experimental method using the experimental device for researching the hydraulic power-water quality relation in the cement-lined river channel comprises the following steps:
step one, after removing sundries in the dried device, injecting experimental water into the experimental device until the water depth reaches a preset scale, and starting an adjustable power device 5;
determining the flow rate of water in the experimental device;
step three, keeping the adjustable power device 5 continuously running, continuously flowing the water body, periodically detecting and recording specific water quality indexes, and checking whether the flow rate of the water body is kept unchanged every five days;
step four, after the detection is finished, the adjustable power device 5 is shut down, and the submersible pump is placed in the drainage groove 3 for drainage;
and step five, after the water drainage is finished, cleaning and removing attachments on the inner wall of the device, and obtaining a corresponding hydrology-water quality relation according to the formed hydrology state data and the detected water quality data.
The water flow velocity is debugged through the following steps:
step one, calculating a water depth requirement according to an experimental scheme, and marking a required water depth scale on the inner wall of an experimental device;
injecting experimental water into the experimental device until the water depth reaches the scale, starting a motor, and rotating a speed regulation knob 7 of a speed reducer to the lowest speed;
measuring the current velocity by using a single-point velocity meter at a straight groove section without the paddle 6, wherein a measuring point is positioned at the middle point of the straight groove section, 1/2 is deep in water, and the measured velocity is marked at a speed regulation knob 7 of the speed reducer;
step four, adjusting the speed regulation knob 7 of the speed reducer to the highest speed or the critical flow velocity which does not generate obvious water flow transverse oscillation, and repeating the operation of the step three;
and step five, estimating the position of the speed-regulating knob 7 of the speed reducer when the required flow speed is reached according to the operation results of the step three and the step four, shifting the speed-regulating knob 7 of the speed reducer to the position, continuously repeating the operation of the step three and the operation of the step five until the measured flow speed meets the experiment requirement, and marking the position of the knob at the moment.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention utilizes the blades to simulate the water flow mode in the plug flow state, and is more suitable for river water flow which can be regarded as the plug flow state.
(2) The invention comprises a straight groove section, and the transverse flow of water flow is buffered and reduced, so that the flow velocity measurement in the groove is more convenient and accurate.
(3) The invention utilizes cement to line the inner wall of the water tank, and can effectively simulate the friction force generated by water flow and the cement surface and the adhesion phenomenon of attaching organisms, plankton and the like on the surface of a riverbed.
(4) The invention is provided with the drainage groove, and utilizes the submersible pump to drain water, so that the height difference between the bottom of the device and the ground can be ignored. In the experiment, the bottom of the device can be arranged below the ground, so that the external temperature of the device can be kept appropriate while water is drained smoothly; and gravity drainage can be directly carried out when the topographic conditions allow.
(5) The invention has simple structure, simple circuit, easy construction and low cost.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a top view of an experimental setup for studying the relationship between water power and water quality in a cement lined river according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a front view of an experimental apparatus for studying the relationship between water power and water quality in a cement-lined river channel according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a left side view of an experimental setup for studying the relationship between water power and water quality in a cement lined river according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a cement lining layer of the experimental device for researching the relation between water power and water quality in a cement lining river channel.
In the figure: 1 is a water tank main body; 2 is a central clapboard; 3 is a drainage groove; 4 is a cement lining surface; 5 is an adjustable power device; 6 is a paddle; a speed regulation knob of the speed reducer is 7; 8 is the rotating direction of the paddle; 9 is the inner wall of the water tank main body and the surfaces of steel plates at two sides of the central clapboard; 10 is inner cement mortar; 11 is a wire mesh layer; 12 is outer cement mortar; and 13 is a steel nail.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and examples.
As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the experimental device of the present invention comprises a water tank main body, a central partition, an adjustable power device, a paddle, etc.
The height of the water tank main body 1 and the central clapboard 2 is 1000mm, the thickness of the main body steel plate is 4mm, and the top of the water tank main body is fixed by a stirrup with the thickness of 8mm (the stirrup can be arranged at the height of 1/2 as required). After being separated by the central clapboard, two parallel straight grooves are formed, the length of the straight groove is 4000mm, the width of the straight groove is 1000mm, and the radius of the two semicircular water grooves is 1000 mm. The side length of the square drainage groove is 200mm, and the center distance is 500mm from the top end of the semicircular water tank.
In the present invention, as shown in fig. 4, steel nails 13 having a length of 12mm per square centimeter are spot-welded to the inner wall of the assembled water tank body and the steel plate surfaces 9 on both sides of the central partition, and then, cement mortar 10 having a thickness of 5mm is applied, and after the initial setting, a wire mesh 11 is placed on the surface thereof as reinforcement, and the surface is covered with cement mortar 12 again and compacted to have a thickness of 8 mm.
In the invention, the blades 6 are three, are uniformly distributed on the blade shaft at a distance of 120 degrees, have the length of 1100mm and the width of 900mm, and the effective water pushing part (non-hollow part) is formed by splicing five detachable steel plates with the height of 100mm and can be detached as required. The horizontal distance between the central line where the paddle shaft and the power device shaft are located and the front end of the straight groove is 1200 mm. The power device is erected above the other straight groove, and the thickness of the steel plate pad is 8 mm. The paddle, the paddle shaft and the power device steel plate pad are all treated by antirust paint.
The bottom surface of the device is arranged 500m below the ground, and the outer wall above the ground is covered by a straw mat, so that the temperature of the water in the device is proper.
The debugging of the water flow speed comprises the following steps:
step one, calculating a water depth requirement according to an experimental scheme, and marking a required water depth scale on the inner wall of an experimental device;
injecting experimental water into the experimental device until the water depth reaches the scale, starting a motor, and rotating a speed regulation knob 7 of a speed reducer to the lowest speed;
measuring the current velocity by using a single-point velocity meter at a straight groove section without the paddle 6, wherein a measuring point is positioned at the middle point of the straight groove section, 1/2 is deep in water, and the measured velocity is marked at a speed regulation knob 7 of the speed reducer;
step four, adjusting the speed regulation knob 7 of the speed reducer to the highest speed or the critical flow velocity which does not generate obvious water flow transverse oscillation, and repeating the operation of the step three;
and step five, estimating the position of the speed-regulating knob 7 of the speed reducer when the required flow speed is reached according to the operation results of the step three and the step four, shifting the speed-regulating knob 7 of the speed reducer to the position, continuously repeating the operation of the step three and the operation of the step five until the measured flow speed meets the experiment requirement, and marking the position of the knob at the moment.
The method for researching the water quality change at a specific flow rate by adopting the device comprises the following steps, wherein the algae cultivation is taken as an example.
Step one, after removing sundries in the dried device, injecting experimental water into the experimental device until the water depth reaches a preset scale, and starting the adjustable power device 5.
And step two, determining the flow rate of the water in the experimental device again by using the method in the step three in the debugging of the water flow rate.
And step three, keeping the power device continuously running and the water body continuously flowing, periodically detecting and recording the algae index, and checking whether the flow rate is kept unchanged by using the method in the step three in the regulation of the water flow rate every five days.
And step four, after the detection is finished, the adjustable power device 5 is stopped, and the submersible pump is placed in the drainage groove 3 for drainage.
And step five, after the water drainage is finished, brushing and removing the phytoplankton attached to the inner wall of the device by using a brush, airing the device to be completely dry, and then carrying out the next group of experiments.
And step six, obtaining the growth rate of the algae in the device during the experiment period according to the obtained algae index, and drawing a change rule graph of the growth rate of the algae under different flow rates by combining the flow rates set in each group of experiments.
According to the invention, different hydraulic conditions can be formed according to different operating conditions of the device, and specific water quality index data (determined according to different research requirements) obtained through experimental monitoring can be combined to carry out specific hydraulic-water quality relation analysis.
Claims (8)
1. An experimental device for researching hydraulic power-water quality relation in a cement lined river channel comprises a water channel main body (1), wherein the water channel main body (1) consists of two straight channel sides which are parallel to each other and two semicircular water channel sides which are connected with the two straight channel sides, and is characterized in that the inner wall of the water channel main body (1) is lined with cement to simulate the actual manually lined river channel surface, so that the friction force generated by water flow and the cement surface and the adhesion phenomenon of attached organisms and plankton on the riverbed surface are effectively simulated in an experiment, a central clapboard (2) is arranged in the middle of the water channel main body (1), the central clapboard (2) is parallel to the two straight channel sides and is equal in length, the water channel main body (1) becomes a circulating reciprocating type water channel, two straight channel sections are formed between the central clapboard (2) and the two straight channel sides, two ends of the two straight channel sections are respectively communicated through one semicircular water channel section, and the width of the straight channel section is the same with the radius of the semicircular water channel section, a drainage groove (3) is arranged at the bottom of one semicircular water channel section, a paddle (6) connected with an adjustable power device (5) is arranged at one straight channel section so as to uniformly push the water flow in the channel to move, the paddle (6) is of a three-paddle structure, the three paddles are respectively spaced by 120 degrees and are uniformly distributed on a paddle shaft, and the size and the position of the paddle shaft are as follows: when the blade is vertical to the bottom of the water tank, the distance between the tail end of the blade and the bottom of the water tank is not less than 5cm and not more than the experimental water depth; when the paddle is parallel to the water tank ground, the horizontal distance between the central line where the paddle shaft and the power device shaft are located and the starting end of the straight tank section is not less than the length of the paddle and not more than the length of 1/2 straight tank section; the hollow-out part area of the paddle is determined by the experimental water depth and the flow speed.
2. The experimental device for researching the hydraulic power-water quality relation in the cement lined riverway as claimed in claim 1, wherein the drainage groove (3) is square or round, the bottom of the drainage groove is used for placing a submersible pump for drainage when being lower than the ground, the width or the radius of the drainage groove is larger than the radius of a base of the submersible pump, and when the terrain condition allows, a straight drainage port is arranged at the bottom of the drainage groove for gravity drainage.
3. The experimental facility for studying the relationship between water power and water quality in a cement lined river channel as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cement lining method comprises the following steps: and spot-welding steel nails (13) with the length of 12mm per square centimeter on the inner wall of the assembled water tank main body and the surfaces (9) of the steel plates on the two sides of the central partition board, plastering (10) by using cement mortar, wherein the thickness is 5-8mm, placing a wire mesh (11) on the surface of the water tank main body after the water tank main body is initially set to serve as a reinforcement, covering the cement mortar (12) again and compacting the reinforcement, and the thickness is 5-8 mm.
4. The experimental device for researching the hydraulic-water quality relation in the cement lined riverway as claimed in claim 1, wherein the adjustable power device (5) is composed of a motor and a speed reducer.
5. The experimental device for researching the relation between water power and water quality in the cement lined riverway as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that the rotating speed of the paddle (6) is adjusted through a speed reducer speed adjusting knob (7), and the rotating direction (8) of the paddle enables water flow to flow from the front end of the straight groove section with the closer distance between the paddle shaft to the rear end of the straight groove section.
6. The experimental facility for researching the relation between water power and water quality in the cement-lined river channel as claimed in claim 4, wherein the blades (6) and the blade shafts thereof, and the steel plate above the water surface are all subjected to rust prevention treatment.
7. An experimental method using the experimental apparatus for studying water power-water quality relationship in cement lined river channel of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
step one, after removing sundries in the dried device, injecting experimental water into the experimental device until the water depth reaches a preset scale, and starting an adjustable power device (5);
determining the flow rate of water in the experimental device;
step three, keeping the adjustable power device (5) running continuously, enabling the water body to flow continuously, detecting and recording water quality indexes periodically, and checking whether the flow rate of the water body is kept unchanged every five days, wherein the water quality indexes are algae indexes;
step four, after the detection is finished, the adjustable power device (5) is shut down, and the submersible pump is placed in the drainage groove (3) for drainage;
step five, after the water drainage is finished, the phytoplankton attached to the inner wall of the device is scrubbed and removed by a brush, and the device is aired to be completely dry so that the next group of experiments can be carried out;
and step six, obtaining the growth rate of the algae in the device during the experiment period according to the obtained algae index, and drawing a change rule graph of the growth rate of the algae under different flow rates by combining the flow rates set in each group of experiments.
8. The experimental method of claim 7, wherein the water flow rate is adjusted by:
step one, calculating a water depth requirement according to an experimental scheme, and marking a required water depth scale on the inner wall of an experimental device;
injecting experimental water into the experimental device until the water depth reaches the scale, starting a motor, and rotating a speed regulation knob (7) of a speed reducer to the lowest speed;
measuring the current flow rate in a straight groove section without the paddle (6) by using a single-point flow meter, wherein a measuring point is positioned at the middle point of the straight groove section, 1/2 is deep in water, and the measured flow rate is marked at a speed regulation knob (7) of the speed reducer;
step four, adjusting the speed regulation knob (7) of the speed reducer to the highest speed or the critical flow velocity which does not generate obvious water flow transverse oscillation, and repeating the operation of the step three;
and step five, estimating the position of the speed-regulating knob (7) of the speed reducer when the required flow speed is reached according to the operation results of the step three and the step four, shifting the speed-regulating knob (7) of the speed reducer to the position, continuously repeating the operation of the step three and the operation of the step five until the measured flow speed meets the experiment requirement, and marking the position of the knob at the moment.
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| CN201786634U (en) * | 2010-09-03 | 2011-04-06 | 中芯国际集成电路制造(上海)有限公司 | Submersible pump rack |
| CN102030427B (en) * | 2010-11-24 | 2011-12-28 | 华东师范大学 | River sediment resuspension device and using method thereof |
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