CN106828155B - A kind of electrokinetic cell system Homogeneity between groups circuit and equalization methods - Google Patents
A kind of electrokinetic cell system Homogeneity between groups circuit and equalization methods Download PDFInfo
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- CN106828155B CN106828155B CN201710026644.1A CN201710026644A CN106828155B CN 106828155 B CN106828155 B CN 106828155B CN 201710026644 A CN201710026644 A CN 201710026644A CN 106828155 B CN106828155 B CN 106828155B
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
- B60L58/22—Balancing the charge of battery modules
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
- H02J7/0016—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using shunting, discharge or bypass circuits
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/16—Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of electrokinetic cell system Homogeneity between groups circuit and equalization methods, for carrying out active equalization by the electrokinetic cell system formed in series and parallel by multiple physically separate battery packs.Control system is using master slave mode and passes through CAN bus transfer data information, balanced and Homogeneity between groups all pass through redundancy battery and complete in the group of battery system, compared with the similar battery pack for not having Homogeneity between groups function, electrokinetic cell system merely adds two uniform power lines that these battery packs link together.Since Homogeneity between groups of the invention do not need isolation, external unrelated with battery pack series and parallel structure without adjunct circuit, balanced route, the present invention has the characteristics that system cost is low, electrokinetic cell system production mounting process is simple, safeguards that easy, balancing speed is fast.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to electric automobile power battery fields, specially constitute each battery pack of new energy car battery system
Between capacity active equalization method.
Background technique
Power battery with electric car to become increasingly popular application more extensive, due to single battery no matter from voltage or
Energy is unable to satisfy the requirement of electric car, this is just needed using more piece single battery by the high electricity of series and parallel composition
Pressure, the Prospect of EVS Powered with Batteries system of large capacity, and inherent the inconsistent of parameter such as cell capacity, internal resistance will lead to
Electrokinetic cell system cannot efficiently use its whole active volume, and with the use of battery, it is this it is inconsistent can be more obvious,
So that the electrokinetic cell system service life is well below the single battery service life.
In order to solve problem above, balancing technique is used applied to most of electrokinetic cell system of electric car, it is main
The balancing technique of stream is divided into passive equilibrium and two kinds of active equalization, passive balanced since the problems such as energy loss, low efficiency is bound to
Replaced by active equalization, active equalization technology mainly passes through capacitor, inductance, transformer, redundancy battery etc. and turns as energy at present
Memory device realizes the energy battery transfer low to active volume from the high battery of active volume, realizes the equilibrium of each single battery.
However, the energy content of battery as needed for electric car especially car, lorry etc. is larger, from volume, weight and battery
Management etc. considers to constitute after its electrokinetic cell system is generally carried out in series and parallel by multiple physically relatively independent battery packs,
Each battery pack is made of several single batteries in series and parallel again, internal battery pack integrated battery administrative unit, battery in realization group
Management and equilibrium.
Majority battery equalization method is directed to the battery in battery pack and carries out equilibrium at present, since battery pack is physically opposite
Voltage difference is larger between independent, battery pack, the complicated multiplicity of series and parallel structure between battery pack, and Homogeneity between groups are realized that difficulty is larger, be there is no
More mature Homogeneity between groups scheme.
Summary of the invention
A kind of method proposed by the present invention for being designed to provide electrokinetic cell system Homogeneity between groups, it is intended to solve to power on
In electrical automobile electrokinetic cell system between each battery pack active volume equilibrium problem, the battery system include i × j battery
Group, each internal battery pack include that P single battery and 1 carry out Homogeneity between groups for battery pack balanced and each in battery pack
Redundancy battery；The internal battery pack integrates local battery administrative unit, is communicated by CAN bus with central management unit, by
Other batteries in redundancy battery and Homogeneity between groups circuit or group where local battery administrative unit directly controls it in battery pack
On-off.
The battery pack, which is characterized in that battery pack links together in such a way that i goes here and there j simultaneously, and each battery pack has
There is external Equilibrium circuit interface, the battery pack external Equilibrium circuit interface of series and parallel together can all pass through external Equilibrium electricity
Road links together.
The redundancy battery, which is characterized in that positioned at internal battery pack redundancy battery can by relay respectively with electricity
Pond group external Equilibrium connection or other batteries are connect with internal battery pack.
The redundancy battery, which is characterized in that the redundancy battery positioned at internal battery pack is as electrokinetic cell system energy
Balanced energy-storage travelling wave tube, switches between external equalizing circuit and internal balance circuit, realizes in electrokinetic cell system all
Energy transfer process between single battery.
A kind of electrokinetic cell system Homogeneity between groups method, which is characterized in that the equalization methods include the following steps.
Step 1: central management unit is according to each pack total capacities and current electric quantity, the local electricity for being stored in its inside
Each cell capacity and current electric quantity, current power battery system operating condition of pond administrative unit transmission, by CAN bus to each
Local battery administrative unit sends Homogeneity between groups preparation instruction.
Step 2: the instruction that each local battery administrative unit is sent according to central management unit, it is superfluous in its group by controlling
Remaining battery and the instruction that the connection type of remaining single battery makes redundancy battery capacity reach central management unit transmission in organizing
It is required that and constantly sending redundancy battery electric quantity state to central management unit.
Step 3: central management unit judged according to the power state information that each local battery administrative unit is sent,
And using the balanced line current of calculating as foundation, when balanced route euqalizing current I is greater than euqalizing current lower limit IminAnd it is less than equilibrium
Upper current limit Imax, that is, meet Imin〈I〈Imax When, equalization instruction is sent to each local battery administrative unit.
Step 4: after each local battery administrative unit receives equalization instruction, according to instruction requirement by redundancy battery and outside
Equilibrium route in portion's is connected, and starts to carry out energy transfer between each redundancy battery.
Step 5: each local battery administrative unit acquires balanced line current in real time, computing redundancy battery electric quantity state, and
It is sent to central management unit.
Step 6: when euqalizing current is unsatisfactory for Imin〈I〈Imax Condition or central management unit according to power battery operating condition,
When redundancy battery status and the judgement of other single battery states need to terminate Homogeneity between groups, sends and stop to local battery administrative unit
Homogeneity between groups instruction.
Step 7: after local battery administrative unit receives stopping Homogeneity between groups instruction, cutting immediately is for battery and outside
The connection of portion's equilibrium route enters balanced mode in group.
Step 8: step 1 is constantly repeated to step 7, realizes that energy is shifted between each battery pack, until power electric
Cell system is out of service.
The euqalizing current is that central management unit is obtained according to each redundancy internal resistance of cell and open-circuit voltage calculating, lower limit
IminNot less than 0.05C, upper limit ImaxThe maximum charging and discharging currents allowed no more than redundancy battery.
Advantages of the present invention includes following three points.
1. every group of battery merely adds one switch element to the present invention on the basis of equilibrium in original redundancy battery pack,
System cost is low.
2. the present invention is without considering circuit series parallel topology structure between battery pack, electrokinetic cell system wiring technique is simple.
3. the present invention makes full use of the characteristics such as battery voltage itself, internal resistance, the protections such as a large amount of isolation, overcurrent can be saved and arranged
It applies.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the electrokinetic cell system active equalization system architecture diagram of one embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the internal battery pack electrical block diagram of one embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is the active equalization control flow chart of one embodiment of the invention.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, right
The present invention is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, and
It is not used in the restriction present invention.
Attached drawing 2 show single battery group schematic diagram of internal structure, and each battery pack is by n concatenated single batteries
(B1-Bn), the interior equalizer switch element (K1-Kn) of local management unit (LMU), redundancy balancing battery (BB), group and Homogeneity between groups
Switch element (KB) is constituted, and single monomer battery voltage is Vcell, capacity Ccell, 1C charging and discharging currents are Icell。
The method and control strategy of each internal battery pack equilibrium are not belonging to part of the invention, without being discussed in detail,
But it is balanced in group to share element of the redundancy battery BB as energy stores and transfer with Homogeneity between groups, therefore, to redundancy battery
It is briefly described as follows with interior energy content of battery transfer process is organized.
In single battery group charge and discharge process, redundancy battery under the control of LMU by the switching of K1-Kn, respectively with
B1-Bn simultaneously connects, and is attempted by the smallest battery of SOC value in B1-Bn when charging under normal circumstances, and when electric discharge is attempted by SOC value most
It is small in SOC big battery and SOC according to balance policy redundancy battery in the unbalanced more serious situation of single battery on big battery
Battery between switch, to realize the equilibrium of each single battery, in this course, the active volume of redundancy battery BB is basic
It is suitable with interior monomer average size is organized, and as desired by the difference with other monomers battery B1-Bn and mode can be connect one
Determine to adjust its active volume in range, effective energy transfer is carried out when being Homogeneity between groups and is prepared.
Attached drawing 1 show the series-parallel framework of electric automobile power battery system, constitutes the electric vehicle battery system and wraps altogether
Containing i × j, physically independence and the battery pack of base closed, these battery packs use the connection type of j string i simultaneously, entire power
The total output voltage of battery system are as follows: HV=j × n × Vcell, total capacity Cv = i×j×n×Ccell。
Each battery pack all has power electric output interface BP+, BP-, CAN interface CAN+, CAN-, and power supply is defeated
Incoming interface 12/24V, GND, Homogeneity between groups interface BL+, BL-.
Wherein, power electric output interface carries out series-parallel according to the requirement of vehicle battery system, and power supply interface connects
In vehicle low-voltage power supply circuit, CAN interface links together whole LMU and MMU, each battery pack Homogeneity between groups interface BL
+, BL- be all attempted by according to polarity in a circuit, the technique for simplifying Equilibrium routing, and due to not needing electrically to carry out
Isolation, cost, reliability, craftsmanship index have certain comparative advantages.
Referring to attached drawing 3, balancing procedure is described in detail below.
Step 1, the nonvolatile memory cell in MMU, this example using the SD card of large capacity as nonvolatile storage,
The total data for storing entire battery system, including: total surplus capacity, total capacity, each battery pack residual capacity, each battery
Organize the data information of total capacity, each redundancy battery remaining power, each redundancy battery total capacity.
After system electrification, MMU according to above- mentioned information and charging and discharging state judge whether start Homogeneity between groups prepare or directly
Carry out Homogeneity between groups.
When battery pack average residual capacity is less than 50%, the difference of largest battery pool-size and minimum battery capacity is more than 10%
Or each battery capacity mean square deviation is greater than 5%, battery is uncharged, and system enters Homogeneity between groups and prepares state.
When battery enters charged state, the difference of largest battery pool-size and minimum battery capacity is more than 10% or each battery
Pool-size mean square deviation is greater than 5%, and system enters Homogeneity between groups and prepares state.
Prepare state when system enters Homogeneity between groups, MMU is judged according to each redundancy battery dump energy, such as each redundancy
Battery BB organizes interior other batteries B1-Bn average size difference less than 2% with it, is directly entered Homogeneity between groups state and passes through CAN bus
Homogeneity between groups instruction is sent, otherwise MMU sends Homogeneity between groups warning order.
MMU includes Homogeneity between groups time and redundancy by the Homogeneity between groups warning order that CAN bus is sent to each LMU
Battery target residual capacity information.
Step 2, after each LMU receives the Homogeneity between groups preparation instruction from MMU, according to each single battery in current organize
Homogeneity between groups time that the residual capacity of B1-Bn, redundancy battery remaining power, battery pack operating current and MMU are sent and
The instruction of redundancy battery target residual capacity begins through balanced operation in group, is accordingly adjusted to the residual capacity of redundancy battery
Whole, not open close CAN bus excessively reports redundancy battery remaining power data to MMU.
Step 3, each battery pack redundancy battery remaining power information combination that MMU is sent by CAN bus are stored in non-easy
The parameters such as each redundancy battery open circuit voltage (OCV), DC internal resistance, AC internal Resistance, polarization capacity in memory are lost, according to different
Redundancy battery parallel model calculates euqalizing current.
Equilibrium in parallel is carried out for the redundancy battery in i × j battery pack, is attached to the redundancy battery of equilibrium line road
Quantity is 2,3,4 ..., and i × j is a, therefore selectable connection total 2(i × j)- i × j-1 kind mode, MMU is in these equilibrium sides
Optimum equalization mode is chosen in formula, determines the quantity and corresponding number for needing to connect the redundancy battery on equilibrium line road, and lead to
It crosses CAN bus and issues Homogeneity between groups instruction to corresponding LMU.
Whether step 4, LMU determine this battery pack between participation group after receiving the Homogeneity between groups sent by MMU instruction
Equilibrium, for needing to participate in the battery pack of Homogeneity between groups, LMU cuts off the redundancy battery of its control and organizes between other interior batteries
Equalizing circuit, and connect Homogeneity between groups relay KB(i, j in respective battery pack), corresponding redundancy battery passes through Homogeneity between groups line
Road is connected in parallel, and starts Homogeneity between groups.
Step 5, regardless of whether the LMU for participating in Homogeneity between groups is uploaded in this battery pack by CAN bus to MMU in real time
Information, including each single battery (B1-Bn) state and redundancy battery remaining power.
Step 6, MMU calculate the satisfaction property of equilibrium condition in real time, and will constantly be not required to carry out the redundancy battery of Homogeneity between groups
It notifies corresponding LMU, LMU to cut off respective redundant battery on Homogeneity between groups route, and starts to carry out balanced in group.
At the same time, the redundancy battery information that MMU will be provided with Homogeneity between groups condition is sent to corresponding LMU, and LMU cutting is corresponding
Equalizing circuit in redundancy battery pack connects Homogeneity between groups circuit, participates in Homogeneity between groups.
Step 7, when Homogeneity between groups electric current is less than 0.05C, regarding as Homogeneity between groups terminates, and all batteries group exits group
Between equilibrium state.
Step 8 repeats step 1 to step 7, until entire electrokinetic cell system exits use.
In present example, it is found that electrokinetic cell system is dynamic process carrying out balanced process, constantly
Enter equilibrium state in group after thering is redundancy battery to exit Homogeneity between groups state, while constantly there are other redundancy batteries to exit in group again
Equilibrium state enters Homogeneity between groups state, therefore equalization efficiency with higher.
The redundancy battery used in the present invention do not required in parameters such as capacity, internal resistances it is completely the same with each single battery,
But its production technology, raw material should be consistent with other each single batteries or close as far as possible, to ensure at open-circuit voltage (OCV)
And the consistency in terms of polarization capacity.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all in essence of the invention
Made any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention within mind and principle.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of electrokinetic cell system Homogeneity between groups circuit, which is characterized in that the battery system includes i × j battery pack, electricity
Pond group links together in such a way that i goes here and there j simultaneously, and each internal battery pack includes that P single battery and 1 are used in battery pack
Balanced and each battery pack carries out the redundancy battery of Homogeneity between groups；Each battery pack all has independent external Equilibrium circuit interface,
The battery pack external Equilibrium circuit interface of series and parallel together all passes through external Equilibrium circuit parallel and links together;Redundancy
The carrier that battery is stored and shifted as balanced energy, realizes the equilibrium between whole i × j × P single battery.
2. electrokinetic cell system Homogeneity between groups circuit as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the internal battery pack is integrated
Local battery administrative unit is communicated by CAN bus with central management unit, directly controls its institute by local battery administrative unit
The on-off of other batteries in redundancy battery and Homogeneity between groups circuit or group in battery pack.
3. electrokinetic cell system Homogeneity between groups circuit as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that positioned at the superfluous of internal battery pack
Remaining battery can be by relay respectively with battery pack external Equilibrium connection or other batteries are connect with internal battery pack.
4. electrokinetic cell system Homogeneity between groups circuit as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that positioned at the superfluous of internal battery pack
Energy-storage travelling wave tube of the remaining battery as electrokinetic cell system balancing energy, is cut between external equalizing circuit and internal balance circuit
It changes, realizes the energy transfer process in electrokinetic cell system between whole single batteries.
5. a kind of electrokinetic cell system Homogeneity between groups method, which is characterized in that the equalization methods the following steps are included:
Step 1: central management unit is according to each pack total capacities and current electric quantity, local battery pipe for being stored in its inside
Each cell capacity and current electric quantity, current power battery system operating condition for managing unit transmission, by CAN bus to each local
Battery management unit sends Homogeneity between groups preparation instruction；
Step 2: the instruction that each local battery administrative unit is sent according to central management unit organizes interior redundant electric by controlling it
Pond and organize in remaining single battery connection type make redundancy battery capacity reach central management unit transmission instruction requirement,
And redundancy battery electric quantity state constantly is sent to central management unit；
Step 3: central management unit judged according to the power state information that each local battery administrative unit is sent, and with
The balanced line current of calculating is foundation, when balanced route euqalizing current I is greater than euqalizing current lower limit Imin and is less than balanced electricity
Upper limit Imax is flowed, that is, when meeting Imin < I < Imax, sends equalization instruction to each local battery administrative unit；
Step 4: it after each local battery administrative unit receives equalization instruction, is required according to instruction redundancy battery and outside is equal
The route that weighs is connected, and starts to carry out energy transfer between each redundancy battery；
Step 5: each local battery administrative unit acquires balanced line current, computing redundancy battery electric quantity state in real time, and sends
To central management unit；
Step 6: when euqalizing current is unsatisfactory for Imin < I < Imax condition or central management unit according to power battery operating condition, superfluous
When remaining battery status and the judgement of other single battery states need to terminate Homogeneity between groups, stopping group being sent to local battery administrative unit
Between equalization instruction；
Step 7: after local battery administrative unit receives stopping Homogeneity between groups instruction, cutting is equal for battery and outside immediately
The connection of weighing apparatus route, enters a balanced mode in group；
Step 8: step 1 is constantly repeated to step 7, realizes that energy is shifted between each battery pack, until power battery system
It unites out of service.
6. electrokinetic cell system Homogeneity between groups method as claimed in claim 5, which is characterized in that the euqalizing current is center
Administrative unit show that lower limit Imin is not less than 0.05C according to each redundancy internal resistance of cell and open-circuit voltage calculating, and upper limit Imax is little
In the maximum charging and discharging currents that redundancy battery allows.
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Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107856557B (en) * | 2017-10-17 | 2020-04-14 | 北京普莱德新能源电池科技有限公司 | Power battery system with balancing function and electric vehicle |
| CN108482157A (en) * | 2018-04-09 | 2018-09-04 | 江西优特汽车技术有限公司 | A kind of power battery equalization circuit and equalization methods |
| CN108615954B (en) * | 2018-04-26 | 2020-09-15 | 常州信息职业技术学院 | Method for improving battery output efficiency of new energy electric vehicle |
| CN109910681A (en) * | 2019-01-23 | 2019-06-21 | 江苏敏安电动汽车有限公司 | A kind of BMS active equalization control system for electric vehicle |
| CN110474386B (en) * | 2019-07-25 | 2020-12-08 | 国网江苏省电力有限公司经济技术研究院 | Multi-level active equalization circuit of energy storage battery system and control method |
| CN112918326B (en) * | 2020-12-28 | 2023-02-28 | 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 | Battery management system, method, vehicle and medium |
| CN117081220B (en) * | 2023-10-17 | 2024-02-06 | 上海百竹成航新能源有限责任公司 | Energy storage system management method and energy storage system |
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| WO2010144524A2 (en) * | 2009-06-10 | 2010-12-16 | A123 Systems, Inc. | System and method for communicating notice to limit degradation within a battery pack |
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