CN106828155A - A kind of electrokinetic cell system Homogeneity between groups circuit and equalization methods - Google Patents
A kind of electrokinetic cell system Homogeneity between groups circuit and equalization methods Download PDFInfo
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- CN106828155A CN106828155A CN201710026644.1A CN201710026644A CN106828155A CN 106828155 A CN106828155 A CN 106828155A CN 201710026644 A CN201710026644 A CN 201710026644A CN 106828155 A CN106828155 A CN 106828155A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
- B60L58/22—Balancing the charge of battery modules
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
- H02J7/0016—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using shunting, discharge or bypass circuits
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/16—Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of electrokinetic cell system Homogeneity between groups circuit and equalization methods, for carrying out active equalization by the electrokinetic cell system that connection in series-parallel is constituted by multiple physically separate battery packs.Control system is using master slave mode and passes through CAN transfer data information, balanced and Homogeneity between groups are all completed by redundancy battery in the group of battery system, compared with the similar battery pack without Homogeneity between groups function, electrokinetic cell system merely add two uniform power lines that these battery packs link together.Need not be isolated due to Homogeneity between groups of the invention, it is outside unrelated with battery pack series parallel structure without adjunct circuit, balanced circuit, the present invention has that system cost is low, electrokinetic cell system production mounting process is simple, safeguard the characteristics of easy, balancing speed is fast.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to electric automobile power battery field, each battery pack of new energy car battery system is specially constituted
Between capacity active equalization method.
Background technology
Electrokinetic cell is become increasingly popular using all the more extensively with electric automobile, due to cell no matter from voltage or
Energy cannot meet the use requirement of electric automobile, and this is accomplished by using more piece cell by series and parallel composition electricity high
Pressure, the Prospect of EVS Powered with Batteries system of Large Copacity, and the inherence such as cell capacity, internal resistance the inconsistent of parameter will cause
Electrokinetic cell system can not effectively utilize its whole active volume, and with the use of battery, it is this it is inconsistent can all the more substantially,
So that the electrokinetic cell system life-span is well below the cell life-span.
In order to solve problem above, it is applied to most of electrokinetic cell system of electric automobile and employs balancing technique, it is main
The balancing technique of stream is divided into passive balanced and two kinds of active equalization, and passive equilibrium certainly will due to energy loss, the low problem of efficiency
Replaced by active equalization, current active equalization technology is mainly used as energy and is turned by electric capacity, inductance, transformer, redundancy battery etc.
Memory device, realizes that energy, from active volume battery high to the low battery transfer of active volume, realizes the equilibrium of each cell.
However, due to electric automobile, especially the required energy content of battery such as car, lorry is larger, from volume, weight and battery
The general battery packs physically relatively independent by multiple of its electrokinetic cell system are constituted after carrying out connection in series-parallel from the aspect of management etc.,
Each battery pack is made up of some cell connection in series-parallel again, internal battery pack integrated battery administrative unit, battery in realization group
Management and equilibrium.
Majority battery equalization method carries out equilibrium for the battery in battery pack at present, because battery pack is physically relative
Voltage difference is larger between independent, battery pack, series parallel structure complexity is various between battery pack, and Homogeneity between groups realize that difficulty is larger, there is no
More ripe Homogeneity between groups scheme.
The content of the invention
Purpose proposed by the present invention is to provide a kind of method of electrokinetic cell system Homogeneity between groups, it is intended to electricity more than solving
Active volume problem in a balanced way between each battery pack in electrical automobile electrokinetic cell system, the battery system includes i × j battery
Group, each internal battery pack carries out Homogeneity between groups comprising P cell and 1 for balanced in battery pack and each battery pack
Redundancy battery；The integrated local battery administrative unit of internal battery pack, is communicated by CAN with central management unit, by
Local battery administrative unit directly controls the redundancy battery in battery pack where it and other batteries in Homogeneity between groups circuit or group
Break-make.
The battery pack, it is characterised in that battery pack links together by the way of i goes here and there j simultaneously, and each battery pack has
There is external Equilibrium circuit interface, series and parallel battery pack external Equilibrium circuit interface together all can be by external Equilibrium electricity
Road links together.
The redundancy battery, it is characterised in that positioned at internal battery pack redundancy battery can by relay respectively with electricity
Pond group external Equilibrium connection or other batteries are connected with internal battery pack.
The redundancy battery, it is characterised in that the redundancy battery positioned at internal battery pack is used as electrokinetic cell system energy
Energy-storage travelling wave tube, switches between outside equalizing circuit and internal balance circuit in a balanced way, realizes in electrokinetic cell system all
Energy transfer process between cell.
A kind of electrokinetic cell system Homogeneity between groups method, it is characterised in that the equalization methods are comprised the following steps.
Step one：Central management unit is according to each pack total capacities and current electric quantity for being stored in its inside, local electricity
Each cell capacity and current electric quantity, current power battery system operating mode of pond administrative unit transmission, by CAN to each
Local battery administrative unit sends Homogeneity between groups preparation instruction.
Step 2：The instruction that each local battery administrative unit sends according to central management unit, it is interior superfluous by controlling it to organize
Remaining battery makes redundancy battery electric quantity reach the instruction of central management unit transmission with the connected mode of remaining cell in group
It is required that, and constantly to central management unit transmission redundancy battery electric quantity state.
Step 3：Central management unit judged according to the power state information that each local battery administrative unit sends,
And with calculate balanced line current be foundation, when balanced circuit euqalizing current I be more than euqalizing current lower limit IminAnd less than equilibrium
Upper current limit Imax, that is, meet Imin〈I〈Imax When, send equalization instruction to each local battery administrative unit.
Step 4：After each local battery administrative unit receives equalization instruction, according to command request by redundancy battery with it is outer
Portion's equilibrium circuit is connected, and energy transfer is proceeded by between each redundancy battery.
Step 5：Each local battery administrative unit Real-time Collection equilibrium line current, computing redundancy battery electric quantity state, and
It is sent to central management unit.
Step 6：When euqalizing current is unsatisfactory for Imin〈I〈Imax Condition or central management unit according to electrokinetic cell operating mode,
When redundancy battery status and other cell states judge that Homogeneity between groups need to be terminated, sent to local battery administrative unit and stopped
Homogeneity between groups are instructed.
Step 7：Local battery administrative unit receive stopping Homogeneity between groups instruction after, cut off immediately for battery with it is outer
The connection of portion's equilibrium circuit, enters into balanced mode in group.
Step 8：Continuous repeat step one realizes that energy is shifted between each battery pack, until power electric to step 7
Cell system is out of service.
Described euqalizing current is that central management unit draws according to each redundancy internal resistance of cell and open-circuit voltage calculating, lower limit
IminNot less than 0.05C, upper limit ImaxThe maximum charging and discharging currents that no more than redundancy battery is allowed.
Advantages of the present invention includes following three points.
1. the switch element of merely add per Battery pack on the basis of the present invention is in original redundancy battery pack in a balanced way,
System cost is low.
2. circuit series parallel topology structure between the present invention need not consider battery pack, electrokinetic cell system Wiring technique is simple.
3. the present invention makes full use of the battery characteristic such as voltage, internal resistance in itself, can save the protection such as substantial amounts of isolation, excessively stream and arrange
Apply.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the electrokinetic cell system active equalization system Organization Chart of one embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the internal battery pack electrical block diagram of one embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is the active equalization control flow chart of one embodiment of the invention.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, it is right below in conjunction with drawings and Examples
The present invention is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, and
It is not used in the restriction present invention.
Accompanying drawing 2 show single battery group internal structure schematic diagram, and each battery pack is by the n cell of series connection
（B1-Bn）, local management unit（LMU）, redundancy balancing battery（BB）, equalizer switch element in group（K1-Kn）And Homogeneity between groups
Switch element（KB）Constituted, single monomer battery voltage is Vcell, capacity is Ccell, 1C charging and discharging currents are Icell。
Method and control strategy are not belonging to part of the invention to each internal battery pack in a balanced way, are not discussed in detail,
But it is balanced in group to share redundancy battery BB as energy stores and the element of transfer with Homogeneity between groups, therefore, pair and redundancy battery
It is briefly described as follows with energy content of battery transfer process in group.
In single battery group charge and discharge process, redundancy battery under the control of LMU by the switching of K1-Kn, respectively with
B1-Bn is simultaneously connect, and is attempted by when generally charging on the battery of SOC value minimum in B1-Bn, and SOC value is attempted by during electric discharge most
On big battery, cell it is unbalanced it is more serious in the case of it is small in SOC big battery and SOC according to balance policy redundancy battery
Battery between switch, so as to realize the equilibrium of each cell, in this course, the active volume of redundancy battery BB is basic
It is suitable with monomer average size in group, and can be as desired by different from other monomers battery B1-Bn and connect mode one
Determine to adjust its active volume in scope, effective energy transfer is carried out when being Homogeneity between groups and is prepared.
Accompanying drawing 1 show electric automobile power battery system connection in series-parallel framework, constitutes the electric vehicle battery system and wraps altogether
Battery pack containing i × j individual physically independence and base closed, connected mode of these battery packs using j strings i simultaneously, whole power
The total output voltage of battery system is：HV = j×n×Vcell, total capacity Cv = i×j×n×Ccell。
Each battery pack is respectively provided with power electric output interface BP+, BP-, and CAN interface CAN+, CAN-, power supply is defeated
Incoming interface 12/24V, GND, Homogeneity between groups interface BL+, BL-.
Wherein, power electric output interface carries out connection in series-parallel according to the requirement of vehicle battery system, and power supply interface is connected on
In vehicle low-voltage power supply loop, CAN interface links together whole LMU and MMU, each battery pack Homogeneity between groups interface BL
+, BL- be all attempted by according to polarity in a loop, the technique for simplifying Equilibrium routing, and due to need not electrically carry out
Isolation, its cost, reliability, manufacturability index have certain comparative advantages.
Referring to the drawings 3, balancing procedure is described in detail below.
Step one, the nonvolatile memory cell in MMU, this example uses the SD card of Large Copacity as nonvolatile storage,
The total data of whole battery system is stored, including：Total surplus capacity, total capacity, each battery pack residual capacity, each battery
Group total capacity, each redundancy battery remaining power, the data message of each redundancy battery total capacity.
After system electrification, MMU judges whether that starting Homogeneity between groups prepares or direct according to above- mentioned information and charging and discharging state
Carry out Homogeneity between groups.
When battery pack average residual capacity is less than 50%, the difference of largest battery pool-size and minimum battery capacity is more than 10%
Or each battery capacity mean square deviation is more than 5%, battery is uncharged, and system enters Homogeneity between groups SBR.
When battery enters charged state, the difference of largest battery pool-size and minimum battery capacity is more than 10% or each battery
Pool-size mean square deviation is more than 5%, and system enters Homogeneity between groups SBR.
When system enters Homogeneity between groups SBR, MMU is judged according to each redundancy battery dump energy, such as each redundancy
Battery BB with its organize in other batteries B1-Bn average sizes it is poor less than 2%, be directly entered Homogeneity between groups state and pass through CAN
Homogeneity between groups instruction is sent, otherwise MMU sends Homogeneity between groups warning order.
MMU includes Homogeneity between groups time and redundancy by CAN to the Homogeneity between groups warning order that each LMU sends
Battery target residual capacity information.
Step 2, after each LMU receives the Homogeneity between groups preparation instruction from MMU, according to each cell in current group
Homogeneity between groups time that the residual capacity of B1-Bn, redundancy battery remaining power, battery pack operating current and MMU send and
The instruction of redundancy battery target residual capacity begins through balanced operation in group, and the residual capacity to redundancy battery is accordingly adjusted
Whole, not open close CAN of crossing reports redundancy battery remaining power data to MMU.
Step 3, MMU combines storage non-easy by each battery pack redundancy battery remaining power information that CAN is sent
Lose each redundancy battery open circuit voltage in memory（OCV）, DC internal resistance, AC internal Resistance, the parameter such as polarization capacity, according to different
Redundancy battery parallel model, calculates euqalizing current.
Equilibrium in parallel is carried out for the redundancy battery in i × j battery pack, the redundancy battery on balanced circuit is attached to
Quantity is 2,3,4 ..., and i × j is individual, therefore selectable connection amounts to 2（i×j）- i × j-1 kind modes, MMU is in these equilibrium sides
Optimum equalization mode is chosen in formula, it is determined that needing the quantity and corresponding numbering of redundancy battery being connected on balanced circuit, and is led to
Cross CAN and send Homogeneity between groups instruction to corresponding LMU.
Whether step 4, LMU determines this battery pack between participation group after the Homogeneity between groups sent by MMU instruction is received
Equilibrium, for the battery pack for needing participation Homogeneity between groups, LMU is cut off between interior other batteries of redundancy battery and group of its control
Equalizing circuit, and connect Homogeneity between groups relay KB in respective battery pack（I, j）, corresponding redundancy battery is by Homogeneity between groups line
Road is connected in parallel, and starts Homogeneity between groups.
Step 5, regardless of whether the LMU for participating in Homogeneity between groups is uploaded in this battery pack by CAN to MMU in real time
Information, including each cell（B1-Bn）State and redundancy battery remaining power.
Step 6, MMU calculates the satisfaction property of equilibrium condition in real time, and constantly will be not required to carry out the redundancy battery of Homogeneity between groups
Notify that corresponding LMU, LMU cut off respective redundant battery on Homogeneity between groups circuit, and proceed by balanced in group.
At the same time, MMU will be provided with the redundancy battery information of Homogeneity between groups condition and be sent to corresponding LMU, and LMU cut-outs are corresponding
Equalizing circuit in redundancy battery pack, connects Homogeneity between groups circuit, participates in Homogeneity between groups.
Step 7, when Homogeneity between groups electric current is less than 0.05C, regards as Homogeneity between groups and terminates, and all batteries group exits group
Between equilibrium state.
Step 8, repeat step one arrives step 7, until whole electrokinetic cell system is exited and used.
In present example, it is found that electrokinetic cell system is dynamic process in the process in a balanced way that carries out, constantly
There is redundancy battery to enter equilibrium state in group after exiting Homogeneity between groups state, while constantly there are other redundancy batteries to exit in group again
Equilibrium state enters Homogeneity between groups state, therefore with equalization efficiency higher.
The redundancy battery for using in the present invention do not required in parameters such as capacity, internal resistances it is completely the same with each cell,
But its production technology, raw material should try one's best and other each cells are consistent or close, to ensure in open-circuit voltage（OCV）
And the uniformity in terms of polarization capacity.
Presently preferred embodiments of the present invention is the foregoing is only, is not intended to limit the invention, it is all in essence of the invention
Any modification, equivalent and improvement made within god and principle etc., should be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of electrokinetic cell system Homogeneity between groups circuit, it is characterised in that the battery system includes i × j battery pack, often
Individual internal battery pack includes P cell and 1 redundancy that Homogeneity between groups are carried out for balanced in battery pack and each battery pack
Battery；The integrated local battery administrative unit of internal battery pack, is communicated, by local by CAN with central management unit
Battery management unit directly controls the logical of interior other batteries of redundancy battery and Homogeneity between groups circuit or group in battery pack where it
It is disconnected.
2. battery pack as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that battery pack using i string j and by the way of link together, often
Individual battery pack is respectively provided with external Equilibrium circuit interface, and series and parallel battery pack external Equilibrium circuit interface together can all lead to
External Equilibrium is crossed to be electrically connected to together.
3. redundancy battery as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the redundancy battery positioned at internal battery pack can be by relay
With battery pack external Equilibrium connection or with internal battery pack, other batteries are connected device respectively.
4. redundancy battery as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the redundancy battery positioned at internal battery pack is used as power electric
The energy-storage travelling wave tube of cell system balancing energy, switches between outside equalizing circuit and internal balance circuit, realizes electrokinetic cell
Energy transfer process in system between whole cells.
5. a kind of electrokinetic cell system Homogeneity between groups method, it is characterised in that the equalization methods are comprised the following steps：
Step one：Central management unit is according to each pack total capacities and current electric quantity, local battery pipe for being stored in its inside
Each cell capacity and current electric quantity, current power battery system operating mode of reason unit transmission, by CAN to each local
Battery management unit sends Homogeneity between groups preparation instruction；
Step 2：The instruction that each local battery administrative unit sends according to central management unit, interior redundant electric is organized by controlling it
Pond makes redundancy battery electric quantity reach the requirement of the instruction of central management unit transmission with the connected mode of remaining cell in group,
And constantly to central management unit transmission redundancy battery electric quantity state；
Step 3：Central management unit judged according to the power state information that each local battery administrative unit sends, and with
The balanced line current of calculating is foundation, when balanced circuit euqalizing current I is more than euqalizing current lower limit Imin and less than balanced electricity
Stream upper limit Imax, that is, when meeting Imin ＜ I ＜ Imax, equalization instruction is sent to each local battery administrative unit；
Step 4：It is according to command request that redundancy battery and outside is equal after each local battery administrative unit receives equalization instruction
Weighing apparatus circuit is connected, and energy transfer is proceeded by between each redundancy battery；
Step 5：Each local battery administrative unit Real-time Collection equilibrium line current, computing redundancy battery electric quantity state, and send
To central management unit；
Step 6：When euqalizing current is unsatisfactory for Imin ＜ I ＜ Imax conditions or central management unit according to electrokinetic cell operating mode, superfluous
When remaining battery status and other cell states judge that Homogeneity between groups need to be terminated, stopping group being sent to local battery administrative unit
Between equalization instruction；
Step 7：After local battery administrative unit receives stopping Homogeneity between groups instruction, cut off immediately equal with outside for battery
The connection of weighing apparatus circuit, enters into a balanced mode in group；
Step 8：Continuous repeat step one realizes that energy is shifted between each battery pack, until electrokinetic cell system to step 7
System is out of service.
6. euqalizing current as claimed in claim 5 is that central management unit is calculated according to each redundancy internal resistance of cell and open-circuit voltage
Draw, lower limit Imin is not less than 0.05C, upper limit Imax is not more than the maximum charging and discharging currents of redundancy battery permission.
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| CN201710026644.1A CN106828155B (en) | 2017-01-14 | 2017-01-14 | A kind of electrokinetic cell system Homogeneity between groups circuit and equalization methods |
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Cited By (7)
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| CN107856557A (en) * | 2017-10-17 | 2018-03-30 | 北京普莱德新能源电池科技有限公司 | A kind of electrokinetic cell system and electric car with equalization function |
| CN108482157A (en) * | 2018-04-09 | 2018-09-04 | 江西优特汽车技术有限公司 | A kind of power battery equalization circuit and equalization methods |
| CN108615954A (en) * | 2018-04-26 | 2018-10-02 | 常州信息职业技术学院 | A method of improving New-energy electric vehicle battery delivery efficiency |
| CN109910681A (en) * | 2019-01-23 | 2019-06-21 | 江苏敏安电动汽车有限公司 | A kind of BMS active equalization control system for electric vehicle |
| CN110474386A (en) * | 2019-07-25 | 2019-11-19 | 国网江苏省电力有限公司经济技术研究院 | A kind of energy storage battery system multi-layer active equalization circuit and control method |
| CN112918326A (en) * | 2020-12-28 | 2021-06-08 | 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 | Battery management system, method, vehicle and medium |
| CN117081220A (en) * | 2023-10-17 | 2023-11-17 | 上海百竹成航新能源有限责任公司 | Energy storage system management method and energy storage system |
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| CN107856557A (en) * | 2017-10-17 | 2018-03-30 | 北京普莱德新能源电池科技有限公司 | A kind of electrokinetic cell system and electric car with equalization function |
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| CN108482157A (en) * | 2018-04-09 | 2018-09-04 | 江西优特汽车技术有限公司 | A kind of power battery equalization circuit and equalization methods |
| CN108615954A (en) * | 2018-04-26 | 2018-10-02 | 常州信息职业技术学院 | A method of improving New-energy electric vehicle battery delivery efficiency |
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| CN110474386A (en) * | 2019-07-25 | 2019-11-19 | 国网江苏省电力有限公司经济技术研究院 | A kind of energy storage battery system multi-layer active equalization circuit and control method |
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| CN117081220A (en) * | 2023-10-17 | 2023-11-17 | 上海百竹成航新能源有限责任公司 | Energy storage system management method and energy storage system |
| CN117081220B (en) * | 2023-10-17 | 2024-02-06 | 上海百竹成航新能源有限责任公司 | Energy storage system management method and energy storage system |
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