CN106827696A - 一种环保型保温板材料 - Google Patents
一种环保型保温板材料 Download PDFInfo
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- CN106827696A CN106827696A CN201710071643.9A CN201710071643A CN106827696A CN 106827696 A CN106827696 A CN 106827696A CN 201710071643 A CN201710071643 A CN 201710071643A CN 106827696 A CN106827696 A CN 106827696A
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
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- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000004058 oil shale Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;sodium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Na+].[Al+3] ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005979 Citrus limon Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- PZZYQPZGQPZBDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium silicate Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O PZZYQPZGQPZBDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B32B19/00—Layered products comprising a layer of natural mineral fibres or particles, e.g. asbestos, mica
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Abstract
本发明具体公开了一种环保型保温板材料，包括表面层、覆盖层和中间层，所述表面层包括上表面层和下表面层，所述覆盖层包括上覆盖层和下覆盖层，每一层之间通过粘结剂粘结而成，粘结顺序依次为中间层，上覆盖层，下覆盖层，上表面层，下表面层。本发明的中间层表现良好的抗压性能，覆盖层表现良好的增韧性能；氧化铝气凝胶和硅酸铝纤维及多孔颗粒均匀混合，相互交联，成型性好，能够防止氧化铝气凝胶的收缩和破坏。表面层为立体多孔结构，具备优异的机械性能，添加的柠檬桉纤维，使其具有独特的香味和抗菌防虫效果。本发明的结构简单，制作工艺步骤简洁，保温板机械强度高，可以应用于各种领域，具有广阔的市场前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及环保保温材料技术领域，具体地，涉及一种环保型保温板材料。
背景技术
我国经济快速增长，各项建设取得巨大成就，但也付出了巨大的资源和环境被破坏的代价，这两者之间的矛盾日趋尖锐，群众对环境污染问题反应强烈。这种状况与经济结构不合理、增长方式直接相关。不加快调整经济结构、转变增长方式，资源支撑不住，环境容纳不下，经济发展难以为继。只有坚持节约发展、清洁发展、安全发展，才能实现经济又好又快发展。随着节能减排理念的普及，在建筑建材行业，保温隔热材料和保温建材越来越受到消费者的青睐，保温材料可以在高温时候收集多余的热量，平时缓慢释放，梯度变化小，有效降低热量损耗，冬季可以起到保温作用，可以节约能源。
目前市面上常见的保温材料，性能参差不齐，导热系数高导致保温效果较差，有些材料机械性能，力学性能也较差，不能满足市场的需求，因此急需开发一些导热系数小，机械性能好的保温材料。
发明内容
针对现有技术的上述不足，本发明提供一种环保型保温板材料。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的：一种环保型保温板材料，包括表面层、覆盖层和中间层，所述表面层包括上表面层和下表面层，所述覆盖层包括上覆盖层和下覆盖层，每一层之间通过粘结剂粘结而成，粘结顺序依次为中间层，上覆盖层，下覆盖层，上表面层，下表面层。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下有益效果：本发明的环保型保温板材料为五层结构设置，中间层表现良好的抗压性能，覆盖层表现良好的增韧性能，整体上使得本发明的板材料具有实际应用能力；在协同作用方面，氧化铝气凝胶和硅酸铝纤维及多孔颗粒均匀混合，相互交联，成型性好，能够防止氧化铝气凝胶的收缩和破坏。表面层为立体多孔结构，具备优异的机械性能，添加的柠檬桉纤维，使其具有独特的香味和抗菌防虫效果，延长使用寿命，使人在其中的环境心情愉悦，本发明的结构简单，制作工艺步骤简洁，保温板机械强度高；本发明的产品体积密度和导热系数较小，保温效果好，操作方便，运输方便，本发明的产品耐火度高，可以提高安全系数，延长使用寿命，进而减少成本，可以应用于各种领域，其表面为立体多孔结构，还具有消声作用，具有广阔的市场前景。
附图说明
图1是本发明的结构示意图。
其中，71-上表面层，72-下表面层，81-上覆盖层，82-下覆盖层，90-中间层。
具体实施方式
结合以下实施例对本发明作进一步描述。
氧化铝气凝胶为一种纳米量级的胶体粒子聚集构成的一种多孔网路结构，该网络结构为三维空间网路结构，由团簇相连，表现为无序、枝状，其密度低，比表面积大，热导率较小，使得该氧化铝气凝胶表现良好的隔热效果。硅藻土、蛭石粉和珍珠岩为已知的具有良好隔热效果的材料，虽然氧化铝气凝胶的多孔结构、高孔隙率等有利于其密度的降低、热导率的提高，但是在另一方面，该多孔结构同时会导致该气凝胶的的物理性质较差，物理强度较低、脆性大，这都不利于其实际应用。基于上述原因，本发明在氧化铝气凝胶的基底基础上，添加了硅酸铝纤维和多孔颗粒，纤维和颗粒按照一定比例分散在氧化铝气凝胶中，相互搭结并能与周围的气凝胶粘结，增强了制品的机械性能和力学性能。
图1是本发明的结构示意图，如图1所示，一种环保型保温板材料，包括表面层、覆盖层和中间层，所述表面层包括上表面层和下表面层，所述覆盖层包括上覆盖层和下覆盖层，每一层之间通过粘结剂粘结而成，粘结顺序依次为中间层，上覆盖层，下覆盖层，上表面层，下表面层。
优选地，所述中间层厚度为7～10mm，所述上覆盖层和下覆盖层厚度为5～8mm，所述上表面层厚度为10～15mm，所述下表面层厚度为5～8mm，使用安装时上表面一侧作为表面。
优选地，所述粘结剂为动物胶、合成树脂、橡胶和油漆中的一种或多种。
中间层，为含有多孔颗粒的氧化铝气凝胶，该多孔颗粒由硅藻土、蛭石粉和珍珠岩的混合构成，该多孔颗粒能够分散在氧化铝气凝胶的孔隙中，增强其抗压能力；该多孔颗粒由硅藻土、蛭石粉和珍珠岩的混合构成，硅藻土、蛭石粉和珍珠岩质量含量符合：3x＝5.6y＝7z，其中，x为硅藻土含量，y为蛭石粉含量，z为珍珠岩含量，并且0.16≤x≤0.27。
优选地，所述中间层包括氧化铝气凝胶、硅藻土、蛭石粉和珍珠岩。
覆盖层，在中间层的上下设有覆盖层，覆盖层为含有纤维增强相的氧化铝气凝胶，纤维增强相为硅酸铝纤维，该硅酸铝纤维在氧化铝气凝胶基底中分散，由于纤维的柔韧性，可产生一定的增韧机制，增加该氧化铝气凝胶被破坏前所吸收的能量，并能够起到支撑和桥连作用，增强氧化铝气凝胶的力学性能；该硅酸铝纤维长度为2～5cm；
优选地，所述覆盖层包括氧化铝气凝胶，硅酸铝纤维。
表面层，在覆盖层的上下表面设置有表面层，表面层为含有改良的纳米聚氨酯-石棉，有机纤维和植物纤维分散在聚氨酯石棉层构成的一种立体多微孔结构，可以增强其机械性能和力学性能，同时也具有消声的作用。
优选地，所述表面层包括纳米聚氨酯-石棉、有机纤维和植物纤维。
许多植物纤维都具有独特的香味和抗菌防虫功能，柠檬桉的纤维具有独特的柠檬香味，也富含多种抗菌因子。
更优选地，所述有机纤维为聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)纤维、三聚氰酰胺(MF)纤维、聚酰亚胺(PEI)纤维、聚醚醚酮(PEEK)纤维、酚醛纤维、聚砜纶(PSA)纤维和聚酰亚胺纤维中的一种或者多种，所述植物纤维为柠檬桉纤维。
进一步地，以上所述的氧化铝气凝胶制备过程包括以下步骤：
S1.焙烧，首先取一定量的油页岩灰渣，将其粉碎、筛选，然后放入750℃的马弗炉中焙烧5h，以除去油页岩灰渣表面的杂质及水分。
S2.酸化，待焙烧的油页岩灰渣降至室温后，按照1:4的比例将油页岩灰渣和硫酸(30wt.％)溶液混合并在温度为95℃下加热回流5h，冷却至室温后过滤。
S3.碱化，将得到的滤饼中再加入20wt.％NaOH溶液以调节溶液的pH值达到13左右，之后再进行过滤得到偏铝酸钠溶液。
S4.凝胶的制备，将得到的偏铝酸钠溶液使用1mol/L的盐酸溶液进行调节，调节pH值在2～3.5左右，得到AlCl3溶液，将其浓缩到1mol/L；取10ml该1mol/L的AlCl3放入烧杯中，然后再加入10ml无水乙醇，磁力搅拌25min，然后在强烈的搅拌状态下加入10ml环氧丙烷，再磁力搅拌20min，室温下静置一段时间使其形成凝胶。
S5.形成气凝胶，向上述得到的凝胶中加入50ml的正己烷，将该烧杯放在65℃的水浴中放置24h，然后将凝胶置于溶有硅烷偶联剂的正己烷溶液中，在50℃下反应24h，反应结束后再放入正己烷溶液中浸泡，以除去未反应的硅烷偶联剂，然后将其放入40℃烘箱中干燥24h，再升温至90℃，干燥5h，即得到本发明所述的氧化铝气凝胶。
试验例
试验对象与方法，选取本发明所得的一种环保型保温板材料和常规保温板材料(廊坊顺天保温建材公司)，分别作为实验组和对照组，进行性能测试，计算其体积密度、导热系数、抗压强度及耐火度。试验结果如表1所示：
表1
| 实验组 | 对照组 | |
| 316 | 550 | |
| 导热系数/[W/(m.k)] | 0.0854 | 0.1203 |
| 抗压强度/Mpa | 0.89 | 1.09 |
| 耐火度/℃ | 1143 | 946 |
由表1可知，实验组的保温材料，体积密度和导热系数均明显小于对照组，保温效果好，操作方便，运输方便，本发明的产品耐火度高，可以提高安全系数，延长使用寿命，进而减少成本。
本发明所选原料配伍合理，使用安全无污染，保温效果显著，因此可以满足市场需要。
最后应当说明的是，以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对本发明保护范围的限制，尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明作了详细地说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换，而不脱离本发明技术方案的实质和范围。
Claims (8)
1.一种环保型保温板材料，其特征在于，包括表面层、覆盖层和中间层，所述表面层包括上表面层和下表面层，所述覆盖层包括上覆盖层和下覆盖层，每一层之间通过粘结剂粘结而成，粘结顺序依次为中间层，上覆盖层，下覆盖层，上表面层，下表面层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的环保型保温板材料，其特征在于，所述粘结剂为动物胶、合成树脂、橡胶和油漆中的一种或多种。
3.根据权利要求2所述的环保型保温板材料，其特征在于，所述中间层厚度为7～10mm，所述上覆盖层和下覆盖层厚度为5～8mm，所述上表面层厚度为10～15mm，所述下表面层厚度为5～8mm，使用安装时上表面一侧作为表面。
4.根据权利要求3所述的环保型保温板材料，其特征在于，所述中间层包括氧化铝气凝胶、硅藻土、蛭石粉和珍珠岩。
5.根据权利要求3所述的环保型保温板材料，其特征在于，所述覆盖层包括氧化铝气凝胶，硅酸铝纤维。
6.根据权利要求3所述的环保型保温板材料，其特征在于，所述表面层包括纳米聚氨酯-石棉、有机纤维和植物纤维。
7.根据权利要求5所述的环保型保温板材料，其特征在于，该硅酸铝纤维长度为2～5cm。
8.根据权利要求7所述的环保型保温板材料，其特征在于，所述氧化铝气凝胶制备过程包括以下步骤：
S1.焙烧，首先取一定量的油页岩灰渣，将其粉碎、筛选，然后放入750℃的马弗炉中焙烧5h，以除去油页岩灰渣表面的杂质及水分。
S2.酸化，待焙烧的油页岩灰渣降至室温后，按照1:4的比例将油页岩灰渣和硫酸(30wt.％)溶液混合并在温度为95℃下加热回流5h，冷却至室温后过滤。
S3.碱化，将得到的滤饼中再加入20wt.％NaOH溶液以调节溶液的pH值达到13左右，之后再进行过滤得到偏铝酸钠溶液。
S4.凝胶的制备，将得到的偏铝酸钠溶液使用1mol/L的盐酸溶液进行调节，调节pH值在2～3.5左右，得到AlCl3溶液，将其浓缩到1mol/L；取10ml该1mol/L的AlCl3放入烧杯中，然后再加入10ml无水乙醇，磁力搅拌25min，然后在强烈的搅拌状态下加入10ml环氧丙烷，再磁力搅拌20min，室温下静置一段时间使其形成凝胶。
S5.形成气凝胶，向上述得到的凝胶中加入50ml的正己烷，将该烧杯放在65℃的水浴中放置24h，然后将凝胶置于溶有硅烷偶联剂的正己烷溶液中，在50℃下反应24h，反应结束后再放入正己烷溶液中浸泡，以除去未反应的硅烷偶联剂，然后将其放入40℃烘箱中干燥24h，再升温至90℃，干燥5h，即得到本发明所述的氧化铝气凝胶。
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