CN106813183A - 用于汽车的大灯 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种用于汽车的大灯包含光源(1)、投影透镜(4)、针对投影透镜的色差作用的纠正光学元件(6,11,12,13)和设置在光源(1)和投影透镜(4)之间的遮光板(5),所述实施纠正的光学元件(6,11,12,13)与投影透镜(4)相间隔地装配在遮光板上。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于汽车的大灯,其具有用于抑制在大灯的光分布的明暗边界处的色差的器件。
背景技术
这种色差的原因在于色像差异、光学系统的已知的成像误差,所述成像误差与(光学材料的折光率与通过的光线的波长的)关联度相关。在成像的光学系统中如显微镜、天文望远镜和照相机中,针对已知色差长久以来使用所谓的消色差透镜或复消色差物镜,以及透镜系统,在透镜系统中多个紧密相继安装的透镜的材料这样相互协调,使得透镜系统具有与可见光谱的两个或三个波长精确一致的焦距。
至今在设计大灯时较少地对色差有所关注,因为传统使用的灯丝光源在其边缘处具有连续减小的亮度,并且在利用来投影的光柱的边缘处的色差几乎看不到。在此,充其量在遮光板的棱边处可以看到色散,所述遮光板阻挡了光束的一部分。
由DE102010046626A1已知一种车辆大灯,其中设置了消色差透镜用于抑制在遮光板边缘处的色差。在消色差透镜中,投影透镜、凹面透镜和填充了透明介质的间隙被连接为一个结构单元。所述间隙简化了消色差透镜的制造,因为相互面向的透镜表面必然不具有精确相同的曲率,但是另一方面其组装非常复杂,因为透镜必须相互独立地构成并且在它们之间的间隙必须被密封。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于,提供一种能够纠正色差的汽车大灯,其可以廉价和简单地制成。
所述技术问题这样解决,即用于汽车的大灯具有光源、投影透镜、针对投影透镜的色差作用的纠正光学元件和设置在光源和投影透镜之间遮光板,所述实施纠正的光学元件与投影透镜相间隔地装配在遮光板上。
相应地,投影透镜由无铅玻璃或第二透明塑料(例如聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、又称有机玻璃)构成。
当纠正光学元件如上所述由塑料制成,则其和遮光板可以相互喷射成型。这实现了由遮光板和纠正光学元件组成的组件的廉价且精确的制造。
所述遮光板可以具有在投影透镜的光学轴线的方向上延伸的凸肩,在凸肩上安装纠正光学元件。这实现了纠正光学元件通过喷注以及其他方式(例如粘接)的安装。
根据另外的备选方案,纠正光学元件、例如薄膜形式的纠正光学元件安装在被光源射过的透明的板上,所述板与遮光板一体式地构成。
根据进一步的简化,纠正光学元件与遮光板一体式地构成。
根据上一种变型方案,遮光板可以包含不透明的涂层,该涂层设置在透明的支架材料上或者嵌入透明的支架材料中。所述支架材料然后还可以构成透明的板或者纠正光学元件。
可以考虑使用凹面透镜作为纠正光学元件。
使用微结构化的衍射光学元件作为纠正光学元件能够在降低重量的同时实现高精确的色差纠正。
当设置反射器用于将光源的光线偏转到投影透镜上、并且反射器的焦点位于反射器和投影透镜之间时,设置在光源和投影透镜之间的纠正光学元件有利地具有比投影透镜更小的尺寸。
设置至少一个LED作为大灯的光源,因为其相对较小的产热简化了用于遮光板和纠正光学元件的塑料的应用。
附图说明
本发明其他特征和优点由以下参照附图对优选实施形式的说明得出。在附图中:
图1示出剖切按照本发明第一技术方案的汽车大灯的示意纵截面;
图2示出剖切按照本发明第二技术方案的汽车大灯的示意纵截面;
图3示出剖切按照本发明第三技术方案的汽车大灯的示意纵截面;
图4示出剖切按照本发明另一种技术方案的汽车大灯的示意纵截面。
具体实施方式
在图1中以纵截面示出的大灯包含作为光源1的白光LED,其装配在大致水平定向的、将光源1的放热导出的支架2上。光源1沿其表面法向的方向、基本上向上地、朝向凹形反射器3发光。发射器3将光线向前偏转,朝向投影透镜4,并且在大灯内的投影面F中产生光源的图像。遮光板5以及透镜系统的焦点位于投影面F中,该透镜系统由投影透镜4和凹面透镜6构成,因此遮光板5的轮廓被透镜系统清晰地投影到远方并且产生光柱,该光柱通过清晰的上部边界避免了闪到对面车辆。
图1非常夸大地借助两个从光源1发出的光束R1、R2示出在凹面透镜中的色彩的分离,该凹面透镜导致以实线表示的长波长部分R1r或R2r比以虚线表示的短波长部分R1b、R2b离光学轴线A更远地进入投影透镜4。长波长部分与光学轴线A更大的间距在投影透镜4上导致,在投影透镜4的前侧和背侧上的各个点(长波长部分R1r或R2r通过所述点穿过)上的表面处之间的角度大于在短波长部分R1b或R2b的通过点上相应的角度。更大的角度由导致了,长波长部分比短波长部分更强地偏转,因此二者在投影透镜4的另一边平行地传播。
遮光板5在图1的技术方案中具有板的形状,其由透光材料、例如染色的塑料构成,所述遮光板垂直于透镜系统的光学轴线A,遮光板的下棱边锚固在大灯的未示出的壳体上并且遮光板的上棱边在大灯的光束中、在投影透镜4的一边确定近光或远光光束的上边缘。遮光板5和凹面透镜6构成遮光板组件7,方法是凹面透镜6安装在从所述板朝向透镜系统的光学轴线A突出的凸肩8上、并且位于投影面F和投影透镜4之间。凹面透镜6仅间接地、通过遮光板5和大灯的壳体与投影透镜4相连。凹面透镜6可以由玻璃、尤其燧石(Flintglas)玻璃构成并且通过粘结剂固定在遮光板5上。当凹面透镜6和遮光板5由塑料构成,则凹面透镜6在遮光板5上的固定也可以通过焊接、尤其超声波焊接进行。
图2的技术方案与图1所述方案的区别仅在于遮光板组件7的组成。遮光板组件7在此包含由透明材料、尤其是聚碳酸酯构成的板9,其一部分构成遮光板5的一部分,方法是遮光板在其面向光源1的、位于投影面F中的侧面配备不透明的、优选可反射的涂层10。所述涂层10可以例如由铝构成。为了保护其反射性能,该反射涂层10又被由透明塑料构成的涂层覆盖,该反射涂层还可以如CD的数据载体膜一样嵌入透明塑料。
板9的没有涂层10的区域与从反射器3朝向投影透镜4的光线的路径相交。在该区域的背离反射器3的侧面上、在投影面F和投影透镜4之间设置衍射光学元件11。所述衍射光学元件11在此是由透明塑料构成的薄膜,其中以光刻方式构成微型结构,所述微型结构通过局部不同的层厚或折射指数形成穿过的光线的波前。衍射光学元件11基本上具有凹面透镜的折射性能。
根据图3所示的技术方案,如图2中遮光板组件7的核心件一样,板9由透明塑料构成,其中构成遮光板5的一部分在其面向光源1的侧面配备不透明的涂层10。衍射光学元件12直接在板9的面向投影透镜4的表面上构成。
按照图4的技术方案,凹面透镜13与板9一体式地由塑料注塑成型。板5的不透明的涂层10通过将不透明的模内装饰膜嵌入板8的注塑模具中获得。
应该理解的是,上述详细的说明和附图虽然显示了本发明确定的示范性的构造,但是它们仅用于说明并且不应限制本发明的保护范围。所述结构设计的不同的变型是可能的,只要没有脱离权利要求的范围和其等效范围即可。由该说明书和附图也可以得出没有在权利要求中提及的实施例的特征。这些特征也可以以不同于在此具体公开的组合的形式出现。多个这种特征在相同句子中或在以不同于文本上下文的其他形式被描述的事实因此不能得出这样的结论,即它们仅能以具体公开的组合出现;相反原理上以此为基础,即多个这种特征也可以单独地删除或修改,只要其对本发明的功能性不产生问题即可。
附图标记清单
1 光源
2 支架
3 反射器
4 投影透镜
5 遮光板
6 凹面透镜
7 遮光板组件
8 凸肩
9 板
10 涂层
11 衍射光学元件
12 衍射光学元件
13 凹面透镜
Claims (11)
1.一种用于汽车的大灯,其包含光源(1)、投影透镜(4)、针对投影透镜的色差作用的纠正光学元件(6,11,12,13)和设置在光源(1)和投影透镜(4)之间的遮光板(5),其中,所述纠正光学元件(6,11,12,13)与投影透镜(4)相间隔地安装在遮光板(5)上。
2.按照权利要求1所述的大灯,其中,纠正光学元件(6,11,12,13)由透明塑料、尤其聚碳酸酯构成。
3.按照前述权利要求之一所述的大灯,其中,纠正光学元件(12,13)和遮光板(5)相互喷射成型。
4.按照前述权利要求之一所述的大灯,其中,遮光板(5)具有在投影透镜(4)的光学轴线(A)的方向上延伸的凸肩(8),在凸肩上安装纠正光学元件(6)。
5.按照权利要求1至3之一所述的大灯,其中,遮光板(5)与由光源(1)射过的透明的板(9)是一体的,纠正光学元件(11,12,13)安置在所述板上。
6.按照权利要求1或2所述的大灯,其中,纠正光学元件(11,12)与遮光板(5)一体式制成。
7.按照权利要求5或6所述的大灯,其中,遮光板(5)包含不透光的涂层(10),所述涂层设置在透明的支架材料上或者嵌入透明的支架材料中。
8.按照前述权利要求之一所述的大灯,其中,纠正光学元件是凹面透镜(6,13)。
9.按照前述权利要求之一所述的大灯,其中,纠正光学元件是衍射光学元件(11,12)。
10.按照前述权利要求之一所述的大灯,其中,设置反射器(3)用于将光源的光线偏转到投影透镜(4)上,并且反射器(3)的焦点位于反射器(3)和投影透镜(4)之间。
11.按照前述权利要求之一所述的大灯,其中,光源(1)包含至少一个LED。
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JP6722030B2 (ja) * | 2016-04-19 | 2020-07-15 | スタンレー電気株式会社 | 車両用灯具 |
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