CN106800417A - 一种低导热耐火砖及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种低导热耐火砖及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106800417A
CN106800417A CN201611175851.5A CN201611175851A CN106800417A CN 106800417 A CN106800417 A CN 106800417A CN 201611175851 A CN201611175851 A CN 201611175851A CN 106800417 A CN106800417 A CN 106800417A
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晋元龙
陈德全
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Ma'an Mountain Bao Long Building Material Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种低导热耐火砖及其制备方法，其由以下重量份的原料制成：硼泥30‑40、聚苯乙烯磺酸钠10‑15、方镁石14‑28、脉石英22‑29、建筑渣土20‑30、绿帘石16‑29、铝土矿尾矿24‑32、不锈钢尾渣12‑19、沥青焦10‑15、铵明矾5‑10、水浮石11‑17、纳米纤维素气凝胶10‑15、气浮藻渣8‑16、凹凸棒土23‑34。本发明耐火砖采用水浮石、纳米纤维素气凝胶、气浮藻渣作为轻集料，极大降低了材料的导热系数和体积密度，添加的不锈钢尾渣、沥青焦等原料，可以改善材料的耐磨性和耐腐蚀性。本发明制得的耐火砖轻质，导热系数低，保温隔热性能好，且具有优良的耐腐蚀性和耐磨性。

Description

一种低导热耐火砖及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种低导热耐火砖及其制备方法，属于耐火材料领域。
背景技术
耐火砖是一种建筑材料砖类，它的属性跟它名字一样“耐火”。它是用耐火黏土或其他耐火原料烧制成的耐火材料，能够在高温下能经受各种物理化学变化和机械作用。耐火砖在我们的生活中并不常见，但却在一些和我们生活息息相关的建筑中出现，比如房屋建筑、窑炉建筑、热工设备等。
专利号为：201510494613.X的发明专利公开了一种利用煤矸石生产的发泡保温耐火砖及其制备方法，其原料组成按重量份配比为煤矸石40～60份、铝土矿尾矿30～50份、粉煤灰2～15份，硅砂0～15份、亚硫酸纸浆废液0～1份。该发明提供的一种利用煤矸石为主要原料生产的发泡保温耐火砖及其制备方法，虽然解决了目前国内市场上轻质耐火保温砖耐火度低、成型差、强度低与成本高的问题，但是随着科学技术的快速发展以及经济水平的不断提高，对耐火砖的保温隔热性能提出了更高的要求，市场上需要一种导热系数更低的耐火砖。
发明内容
本发明目的在于提供一种低导热耐火砖及其制备方法。
为了实现上目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：
一种低导热耐火砖，由以下重量份的原料制成：硼泥30-40、聚苯乙烯磺酸钠10-15、方镁石14-28、脉石英22-29、建筑渣土20-30、绿帘石16-29、铝土矿尾矿24-32、不锈钢尾渣12-19、沥青焦10-15、铵明矾5-10、水浮石11-17、纳米纤维素气凝胶10-15、气浮藻渣8-16、凹凸棒土23-34。
一种低导热耐火砖的制备方法，由下列步骤组成：
（1）将脉石英、方镁石混合均匀，粉碎，过80-100目筛，加入相当于混合粉末质量40-50%的碳酸钠和30-40%的硝酸钠，700-900r/min干法球磨12-16min，然后在940-990℃的温度下煅烧2-3h，冷却至室温；
（2）将绿帘石、铝土矿尾矿混合均匀，粉碎，过70-90目筛，加入步骤（1）煅烧后的粉末，混合均匀，再加入相当于混合粉末质量40-50%的硫酸钠和35-45%的氯化钠，800-1000r/min干法球磨14-18min，然后在600-700W的功率下微波加热2-3h，再在900-1000W的功率下微波加热1-2h，冷却至室温，用蒸馏水洗涤干净，干燥；
（3）将硼泥、建筑渣土、不锈钢尾渣、沥青焦、水浮石、气浮藻渣、凹凸棒土混合均匀，粉碎，过60-80目筛，然后加入适量的水，搅拌均匀，使得混合料的含水率控制在30-35%，再加入步骤（2）制得的粉末以及聚苯乙烯磺酸钠、铵明矾、纳米纤维素气凝胶等原料，搅拌均匀；
（4）将步骤（3）制得的湿料加入到制砖机中压制成型，成型压力为20-25MPa；然后将成型后的湿坯自然养护30-40h，再在100-110℃的温度下干燥至含水率≤3%；
（5）将步骤（4）干燥的砖坯以8-10℃/min的速率升温至920-970℃，保温3-5h，再以2-4℃/min的速率降温至570-610℃，保温2-4h，再以3-6℃/min的速率升温至950-1000℃，保温5-6h，再以2-4℃/min的速率升温至1350-1400℃，保温4-5h，再以4-8℃/min的速率降温至620-670℃，保温3-4h，冷却至常温即可。
本发明的有益效果：
（1）本发明首先将脉石英、方镁石在碳酸钠和硝酸钠的熔盐下煅烧，然后再与绿帘石、铝土矿尾矿混合，在硫酸钠和氯化钠的熔盐下微波煅烧得到的复合粉体具有优异的耐火性能，加入砖中作为原料，可以显著耐火砖的耐火度；
（2）本发明耐火砖采用水浮石、纳米纤维素气凝胶、气浮藻渣作为轻集料，极大降低了材料的导热系数和体积密度，添加的不锈钢尾渣、沥青焦等原料，可以改善材料的耐磨性和耐腐蚀性。本发明制得的耐火砖轻质，导热系数低，保温隔热性能好，且具有优良的耐腐蚀性和耐磨性。
具体实施方式
一种低导热耐火砖，由以下重量（kg）的原料制成：硼泥35、聚苯乙烯磺酸钠12、方镁石21、脉石英25、建筑渣土24、绿帘石23、铝土矿尾矿28、不锈钢尾渣15、沥青焦12、铵明矾7、水浮石14、纳米纤维素气凝胶13、气浮藻渣12、凹凸棒土28。
一种低导热耐火砖的制备方法，由下列步骤组成：
（1）将脉石英、方镁石混合均匀，粉碎，过90目筛，加入相当于混合粉末质量45%的碳酸钠和35%的硝酸钠，800r/min干法球磨14min，然后在960℃的温度下煅烧2.5h，冷却至室温；
（2）将绿帘石、铝土矿尾矿混合均匀，粉碎，过80目筛，加入步骤（1）煅烧后的粉末，混合均匀，再加入相当于混合粉末质量45%的硫酸钠和40%的氯化钠，900r/min干法球磨16min，然后在650W的功率下微波加热2.5h，再在950W的功率下微波加热1.5h，冷却至室温，用蒸馏水洗涤干净，干燥；
（3）将硼泥、建筑渣土、不锈钢尾渣、沥青焦、水浮石、气浮藻渣、凹凸棒土混合均匀，粉碎，过70目筛，然后加入适量的水，搅拌均匀，使得混合料的含水率控制在32%，再加入步骤（2）制得的粉末以及聚苯乙烯磺酸钠、铵明矾、纳米纤维素气凝胶等原料，搅拌均匀；
（4）将步骤（3）制得的湿料加入到制砖机中压制成型，成型压力为23MPa；然后将成型后的湿坯自然养护35h，再在105℃的温度下干燥至含水率≤3%；
（5）将步骤（4）干燥的砖坯以9℃/min的速率升温至940℃，保温4h，再以3℃/min的速率降温至590℃，保温3h，再以4℃/min的速率升温至980℃，保温5h，再以3℃/min的速率升温至1380℃，保温4h，再以6℃/min的速率降温至650℃，保温3h，冷却至常温即可。
上述实施例制得的耐火砖的的主要性能检测结果如下表所示：
项目 单位 检测结果
耐火度 ℃ 1795
耐压强度 MPa 76
抗折强度 MPa 23
荷重软化温度（T0.6） ℃ 1675
热震稳定性（1100℃，水冷） 次 25
导热系数 w/(m·k) 0.7

Claims (2)

1.一种低导热耐火砖，其特征在于，由以下重量份的原料制成：硼泥30-40、聚苯乙烯磺酸钠10-15、方镁石14-28、脉石英22-29、建筑渣土20-30、绿帘石16-29、铝土矿尾矿24-32、不锈钢尾渣12-19、沥青焦10-15、铵明矾5-10、水浮石11-17、纳米纤维素气凝胶10-15、气浮藻渣8-16、凹凸棒土23-34。
2.一种如权利要求1所述的低导热耐火砖的制备方法，其特征在于，由下列步骤组成：
（1）将脉石英、方镁石混合均匀，粉碎，过80-100目筛，加入相当于混合粉末质量40-50%的碳酸钠和30-40%的硝酸钠，700-900r/min干法球磨12-16min，然后在940-990℃的温度下煅烧2-3h，冷却至室温；
（2）将绿帘石、铝土矿尾矿混合均匀，粉碎，过70-90目筛，加入步骤（1）煅烧后的粉末，混合均匀，再加入相当于混合粉末质量40-50%的硫酸钠和35-45%的氯化钠，800-1000r/min干法球磨14-18min，然后在600-700W的功率下微波加热2-3h，再在900-1000W的功率下微波加热1-2h，冷却至室温，用蒸馏水洗涤干净，干燥；
（3）将硼泥、建筑渣土、不锈钢尾渣、沥青焦、水浮石、气浮藻渣、凹凸棒土混合均匀，粉碎，过60-80目筛，然后加入适量的水，搅拌均匀，使得混合料的含水率控制在30-35%，再加入步骤（2）制得的粉末以及聚苯乙烯磺酸钠、铵明矾、纳米纤维素气凝胶等原料，搅拌均匀；
（4）将步骤（3）制得的湿料加入到制砖机中压制成型，成型压力为20-25MPa；然后将成型后的湿坯自然养护30-40h，再在100-110℃的温度下干燥至含水率≤3%；
（5）将步骤（4）干燥的砖坯以8-10℃/min的速率升温至920-970℃，保温3-5h，再以2-4℃/min的速率降温至570-610℃，保温2-4h，再以3-6℃/min的速率升温至950-1000℃，保温5-6h，再以2-4℃/min的速率升温至1350-1400℃，保温4-5h，再以4-8℃/min的速率降温至620-670℃，保温3-4h，冷却至常温即可。
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