CN106794744A - 具有处于车身内部的冷却的设备室的机动车 - Google Patents

具有处于车身内部的冷却的设备室的机动车 Download PDF

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CN106794744A
CN106794744A CN201580055133.1A CN201580055133A CN106794744A CN 106794744 A CN106794744 A CN 106794744A CN 201580055133 A CN201580055133 A CN 201580055133A CN 106794744 A CN106794744 A CN 106794744A
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CN106794744B (zh
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J·格莱塞尔
K·安贝格尔
O·哈夫
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Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种机动车，该机动车设有位于车身(1)内部的设备室(2)，该设备室(2)具有至少一个进风口(21、23)和至少一个排风口(25、28)，该设备室(2)划分成至少一个冷区(22)和至少一个通过分隔壁(20)与冷区(22)隔离的热区(24)，热区(24)容纳至少一个发出热量的设备(3)，并且至少所述热区(24)被通过进风口(23)进入的并且通过出风口(28)排出的空气流过。

Description

具有处于车身内部的冷却的设备室的机动车
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有位于车身内部的设备室的机动车。尤其本发明涉及一种机动车，其中，设备室在挡风玻璃前面或下面的区域即所谓的水箱中构成。
背景技术
在传统车辆的设备室中，尤其如果该设备室在位于挡风玻璃的前面和下面的水箱中构成，那么在这里安装的电元件的废热积聚。这导致，在这里能安装的电元件的数量受到限制。但是通常期望，正好在车辆的这个区域中安装要被设置成防止溅水的电元件，例如高压电池。
发明内容
本发明的目的是，提供一种具有位于车身内部的设备室的机动车，其中，避免在设备室中安装的元件的过热，即使一部分所述元件是高散热的电元件。
该目的由具有权利要求1的特征的机动车解决。
在按本发明的机动车中，设备室具有至少一个进风口和至少一个出风口，并且设备室划分成至少一个冷区和至少一个通过分隔壁与冷区隔离的热区。热区具有至少一个发出热量的设备，并且至少该热区由通过进风口进入的并且通过出风口排出的空气流过。
通过按本发明的结构实现在设备室中的电元件的廉价的冷却，并且设备室胜任接纳温度敏感的电元件。在设备室的热区与冷区之间的分隔允许，在设备室中不仅安装发出热量的元件(在热区中)，而且设置如下元件(在冷区中)，即所述元件被加载过量的热量是不希望的。
本发明的有利的进一步方案在从属权利要求中描述。
在本发明的一种有利的实施形式中，热区具有用于构成设备的车辆电池的电池壳体。在此，车辆电池设置在电池壳体中并且在这里防止受到不期望的环境影响，例如潮湿。
在此尤其有利的是，电池壳体具有至少一个空气进入开口和至少一个空气排出开口，其中，空气进入开口通入到设备室中。
在此，电池壳体优选构成用于被至少一部分流入到设备室的热区中的空气流过。电池壳体能被一部分进入到设备室中的空气流过，因此，由电池发出的热量通过流过电池壳体的空气被导走。优选由空气排出开口排出的热空气不再引导到设备室中，而是直接朝外由设备室引导出去。本实施形式在以下情况尤其有利：电池壳体在几何和功能上这样构成，使得包含在其内的元件(电池、控制器)被流过的空气冷却，而不会被湿气或水分损坏。这能以如下方式实现，即电池壳体配备有用于空气的集成的流动通道。这些流动通道流例如能包围用于元件的本来的容纳室并且通过薄的良好导热的壁与该容纳室隔离。
在本发明的另一优选的实施形式中，该实施形式能与上述实施形式组合，在设备室中，尤其是在冷区中，设置车室进风口用于车室的进风。车室进风口在设备室的冷区中的布置防止，设置在热区中的电元件的废热进入到车室中。
本发明的这种实施形式在以下情况是尤其有利的：车室进风口在用于调节车室空气的加热装置和空调装置中构成。即车室进风口的对热区的废热的屏蔽降低空调设备的必要的冷却功率，因此，机动车的CO2排放能保持低。
尤其有利的是按本发明的机动车的一种实施形式，该实施形式可与其他实施形式组合，其中，设备室的所述至少一个进风口位于遇到车辆的行驶风产生过压的车身区域中，和/或设备室的所述至少一个出风口位于遇到车辆的行驶风产生负压的车身区域中。这种结构利用行驶风的动能以使设备室通风，而不需要主动的进风装置例如通风机。这能量节约地并且在降低车辆内燃机的CO2排放中起作用。
也有利的是，设备室的所述至少一个进风口和/或所述至少一个出风口设有控制有效流动横截面的装置。因此能按需求控制设备室的通风。
在具有通风的电池壳体的一种变型方案中，基于相同的原因，也有利的是，电池壳体的所述至少一个空气进入开口和/或所述至少一个空气排出开口设有控制有效流动横截面的装置。
在两个上述的变型方案中，有利的是，控制有效流动横截面的装置由把测量的温度用作为控制参数的控制装置加载。按这样的方式，按需求的控制能根据测量的温度例如在设备室的热区中的温度或者在电池壳体中的温度进行。
附图说明
下面借助于示例参考附图详细解释本发明，其中：
图1显示位于按本发明的机动车的挡风玻璃的下面和前面的设备室的示意的部分剖开的俯视图；
图2显示可由空气流过的电池壳体的局部剖开的透视图。
具体实施方式
在图1中以部分剖开的俯视图的形式描述具有车身10的机动车1的前部段。机动车1的所显示的部段从容纳在车身10的两个A柱13、14之间的挡风玻璃12延伸。挡风玻璃12的下边缘邻接到车身10的通风装置11上。另外显示两个前挡泥板15、16，发动机室17在所述挡泥板之间在机动车1的前部区域中延伸，在该发动机室17内设置发动机17′。前内室壁11′在挡风玻璃12的下面朝前限定车辆内室。在前内室壁11′与发动机室17之间构成设备室2。设备室2通常也称为水箱。前横向隔板18构成在设备室2与发动机室17之间的界限壁。在附图中仅部分描述的发动机室盖19在发动机室盖19的关闭状态中朝上封闭发动机室17和设备室2。
设备室2被从前内室壁11′延伸直至横向隔板18的中间壁20划分成设备室2的冷区22和热区24。在热区24中安装至少一个发出热量的设备3，该设备在显示的示例中具有电池。当然替选地或附加地能在热区24中设置其他发出热量的设备，优选电气的或电子的构件。
在冷区21中设置加热装置和空调装置4的车室进风口40，该加热装置和空调装置在附图中仅示意地描述并且给车辆内室供给经调节的新鲜空气。
在发动机室盖19的在挡风玻璃侧的后面的端部部段与通风装置11之间，不仅在冷区22的一侧上而且在热区24的一侧上分别构成至少一个进风口21、23，通过该进风口，新鲜空气能从外面流入到设备室2中，如通过箭头A和B表示的。进风口21、23的位置在此有意选择在挡风玻璃12的下边缘之前，因为在该区域中，流向机动车1的行驶风产生过压区域。
在设备室2的相应指向挡泥板15、16的侧旁的界限壁15′、16′中分别设置至少一个出风口25、26，通过所述出风口，空气可由设备室2即由其冷区22或由其热区23朝外排出，如通过箭头C和D表示的。出风口25或26有意设置在这里，因为在相应的挡泥板内室的区域中，在车辆被行驶风绕流期间，存在负压区域。用于冷区22的出风口25的设置不是强制需要的。但是在热区24中不仅设置进风口23而且设置出风口26，使得热区24被新鲜空气流过。
在设备室4的热区24中的具有电池32的设备3由电池壳体30构成，电池32容纳在该电池壳体中以防止环境影响。电池壳体30包围电池32，在电池壳体30的壁与电池32之间构成流动通道34，这些流动通道与电池壳体30的至少一个空气进入开口36和至少一个空气排出开口38处于流体连接。电池壳体30的在图2中描述的结构允许，新鲜空气通过空气进入开口36进入到在电池壳体30的内部中的流动通道34中并且从这里由流动通道34通过空气排出开口38又朝外排出。电池壳体30的通流允许，由电池32发出的热量从电池壳体30的内部尤其有效地散发出来。在此有利的是，空气排出开口38直接通过侧壁16’通入到在挡泥板16的内部中的负压区域，因为然后通过在热区24与负压区域之间的压力差产生强制流动。
热设备室即热区24通过在外面的过压区域中的至少一个进风口23的按本发明的有目的的进风，以及热设备室通过在设备室2的侧壁中的构成出风口26的至少一个开口的有目的的排风(向挡泥板16的内部中排风或者直接通过车身10的外壁排风)，利用行驶风的空气动力学的力来使设备室2的热区24强制通风。为了控制通风的强度，可以在进风口23上或者在出风口26上设置影响相应流动横截面的控制元件。这种控制元件例如可具有双金属材料并且发生与温度有关的形状改变，通过这种形状改变使流动横截面改变。当然按相同的方式也可控制所述区域22的通风。
本发明不受限于上述的实施例，该实施例仅用于本发明的核心构思的一般性解释。更确切地说，在保护范围的框架中，按本发明的装置可以具有不同于上述结构形式的其他结构形式。本装置在此尤其可具有如下特征：它们描述由权利要求的相应单个特征构成的组合。
在权利要求书、说明书和附图中的附图标记仅用于较好地理解本发明并且不应限制保护范围。

Claims (10)

1.机动车，其具有处于车身(1)内部的设备室(2)，其中，
-设备室(2)具有至少一个进风口(21、23)和至少一个出风口(25、26)，
-设备室(2)划分成至少一个冷区(22)和至少一个通过分隔壁(20)与冷区(22)隔离的热区(24)，
-热区(24)容纳至少一个发出热量的设备(3)，并且
-至少热区(24)被通过进风口(23)进入的并且通过出风口(26)排出的空气流过。
2.按权利要求1所述的机动车，其特征在于，热区(24)具有用于车辆电池(32)的电池壳体(30)，所述车辆电池构成设备(3)。
3.按权利要求2所述的机动车，其特征在于，电池壳体(30)具有至少一个空气进入开口(36)和至少一个空气排出开口(38)，空气进入开口(36)通入到设备室(2)中。
4.按权利要求3所述的机动车，其特征在于，电池壳体(30)构成用于被至少一部分流入到设备室(2)的热区(24)中的空气流过。
5.按上述权利要求之中任一项所述的机动车，其特征在于，在设备室(2)尤其是在冷区(22)中设置用于使车室进风的车室进风口(40)。
6.按权利要求5所述的机动车，其特征在于，车室进风口(40)在用于调节车室空气的加热装置和空调装置(4)中构成。
7.按上述权利要求之中任一项所述的机动车，其特征在于，设备室(2)的所述至少一个进风口(21、23)位于如下的车身(10)区域中，在该车身区域中，遇到车辆(1)的行驶风产生过压；和/或设备室(2)的所述至少一个出风口(25、26)位于如下的车身(10)区域中，在该车身区域中，遇到车辆(1)的行驶风产生负压。
8.按上述权利要求之中任一项所述的机动车，其特征在于，设备室(2)的所述至少一个进风口(21、23)和/或所述至少一个排风口(25、26)设有控制有效流动横截面的装置。
9.按权利要求3所述的机动车，其特征在于，电池壳体(30)的所述至少一个空气进入开口(36)和/或所述至少一个空气排出开口(38)设有控制有效流动横截面的装置。
10.按权利要求9或10所述的机动车，其特征在于，控制有效流动横截面的装置由把测量的温度用作为控制参数的控制装置加载。
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