CN106781986B - Fire disaster test device and method for subway multi-line transfer station - Google Patents
Fire disaster test device and method for subway multi-line transfer station Download PDFInfo
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- CN106781986B CN106781986B CN201710114889.XA CN201710114889A CN106781986B CN 106781986 B CN106781986 B CN 106781986B CN 201710114889 A CN201710114889 A CN 201710114889A CN 106781986 B CN106781986 B CN 106781986B
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- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 192
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 234
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 10
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000001603 reducing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008054 signal transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 206010022000 influenza Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000007096 poisonous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B25/00—Models for purposes not provided for in G09B23/00, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
Abstract
The invention provides a fire disaster test device and method for a subway multi-line transfer station. The device comprises a multi-line transfer subway station model, a smoke prevention and discharge system and a fire disaster test system; the multi-line transfer subway station model comprises a station A, a station B, a station C and a station D, and is used for realizing multi-line transfer by adjusting the stairs among the stations and the opening or closing of a transfer channel; the smoke prevention and exhaust system comprises smoke exhaust pipelines arranged in each space of the multi-line transfer subway station model and a smoke exhaust fan connected with the smoke exhaust pipelines; the fire testing system is used for detecting smoke parameters under the condition of fire and monitoring and processing. According to the invention, the diffusion rule of the smoke to a plurality of sites through a plurality of transfer channels and stairs is researched, and the smoke discharge ventilation network air distribution and smoke control scheme of a plurality of smoke prevention partitions can effectively control the diffusion of fire disaster conditions, reduce casualties of personnel and reduce property losses.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fire tests, in particular to a fire test device and method for a subway multi-line transfer station.
Background
At present, three-line transfer stations and four-line transfer stations are already in subway networks of cities such as Beijing, guangzhou and the like to build or put into operation, and most of researches on fire smoke control of the subway stations are concentrated on single-line stations, and the researches on the two-line transfer stations also only adopt a numerical calculation method, so that the existing research objects do not relate to the three-line or four-line transfer stations.
Aiming at a single-line station, the existing research mainly adopts model experiments, full-size experiments and numerical calculation to establish a ceiling highest temperature model, a longitudinal temperature distribution model of ceiling jet flow and a top ventilation and smoke discharge method when subway station platforms, station halls and station tunnels are in fire; aiming at two-line transfer stations, the prior research mainly adopts a numerical calculation method to provide a ventilation and smoke discharge linkage mode of the two stations under the condition of fire.
The multi-line transfer station has a more complex structural form, and generally adopts a diversified transfer mode of channel transfer and stair transfer, and the existing research lacks a diffusion model of fire smoke to a plurality of stations through a plurality of transfer channels and stairs.
The structural form of the multi-line transfer station determines that the branch number and the structure of the ventilation network are more complex, and the prior study lacks ventilation network air distribution data and fire smoke control schemes under the linkage action of a station hall smoke discharging system, a station smoke discharging system, a transfer passage smoke discharging system and a station tunnel track panel system of the multi-line transfer station.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention provides a fire test apparatus and method for a subway multi-line transfer station that overcomes or at least partially solves the above-mentioned problems.
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a fire test apparatus for a subway multi-line transfer station, comprising: a multi-line transfer subway station model, an anti-smoke exhaust system and a fire test system;
the multi-line transfer subway station model comprises a station A, a station B, a station C and a station D, and is used for realizing the functions of two-line transfer, three-line transfer and four-line transfer by adjusting the stairway of the station A, the station B, the station C and the station D and the opening or closing of a transfer channel;
the smoke prevention and exhaust system comprises smoke exhaust pipelines arranged in each space of the multi-line transfer subway station model and smoke exhaust fans connected with the smoke exhaust pipelines, and is used for exhausting toxic and harmful smoke in the multi-line transfer subway station model outwards under the condition of fire;
the fire testing system is used for detecting the temperature, concentration and speed information of the flue gas in the multi-line transfer subway station model under the condition of fire and carrying out centralized display, monitoring and processing on the temperature, concentration and speed information of the flue gas.
According to one aspect of the invention, a fire testing method for a subway multi-line transfer station comprises:
s1, detecting the temperature of smoke, the concentration of CO and the concentration of CO under the condition of subway station fire disaster 2 Concentration, visibility, and smoke flow rate;
s2, based on the flue gas temperature, the CO concentration and the CO 2 The concentration, visibility and smoke flow speed are compared with the smoke temperature, CO concentration and CO under different smoke discharging modes 2 The difference of the concentration, visibility and the change condition of the smoke flow speed is used for determining a preliminary smoke discharging mode;
s3, starting a smoke exhaust fan in the subway station to exhaust smoke based on the preliminary smoke exhaust mode, and adjusting the air exhaust quantity according to the smoke change condition;
s4, detecting different flue gas temperatures, CO concentrations and CO based on the different exhaust amounts 2 Concentration, visibility and smoke flow rate, determine the final smoke evacuation mode.
The invention provides a fire test device and a fire test method for a subway multi-line transfer station, which aim at the characteristics of complex building structure and diversified transfer modes of the subway multi-line transfer station, and utilize temperature probes, concentration acquisition probes and wind speed measurement probes distributed in different smoke prevention subareas to acquire the temperature, concentration, gas flow speed and other information of smoke under the condition of fire, so as to research the diffusion rule of the smoke to a plurality of stations through a plurality of transfer channels and stairs when the fire occurs in the different smoke prevention subareas, and the smoke discharge ventilation network air distribution and smoke control scheme of the plurality of smoke prevention subareas, thereby effectively controlling the diffusion of fire disaster conditions, reducing casualties of personnel and reducing property loss.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a fire test apparatus for a subway multi-line transfer station according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a multi-line transfer subway station model according to the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view of a layer of underground multi-line transfer subway station model according to the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic plan view of two layers of underground of the multi-line transfer subway station model;
FIG. 5 is a schematic plan view of the underground three layers of the multi-line transfer subway station model;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of section 1-1 of a multi-line transfer subway station model according to the invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic 2-2 cross-sectional view of a multi-line transfer subway station model according to the invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a 3-3 section of a multi-line transfer subway station model according to the invention;
fig. 9 is a longitudinal section view of a smoke exhaust pipeline at the bottom of a station tunnel of a multi-line transfer subway station model;
FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of a smoke exhaust duct at the bottom of a station tunnel of a multi-line transfer subway station model according to the invention;
fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of a top smoke exhaust system of a public area of a subway station model underground one-storey hall for multi-line transfer according to the invention;
fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of a top smoke exhaust system of a public area of an underground two-layer hall of a multi-line transfer subway station model;
fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of a smoke evacuation system at the top of an underground two-layer station tunnel of a multi-line transfer subway station model according to the invention;
fig. 14 (a) is a schematic diagram of a top smoke evacuation system of a three-layer platform public area under a multi-line transfer subway station model according to the invention;
fig. 14 (b) is a schematic diagram of a multi-line transfer subway station model station tunnel top smoke evacuation system according to the present invention;
fig. 15 is a schematic diagram of the multi-line transfer subway station model platform, station hall temperature measuring cable, wind speed and smoke concentration measuring point arrangement.
Detailed Description
The following describes in further detail the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings and examples. The following examples are illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, a fire test apparatus for a subway multi-line transfer station includes: a multi-line transfer subway station model, an anti-smoke exhaust system and a fire test system;
the multi-line transfer subway station model comprises a station A, a station B, a station C and a station D, and is used for realizing the functions of two-line transfer, three-line transfer and four-line transfer by adjusting the stairway of the station A, the station B, the station C and the station D and the opening or closing of a transfer channel;
the smoke prevention and exhaust system comprises smoke exhaust pipelines arranged in each space of the multi-line transfer subway station model and smoke exhaust fans connected with the smoke exhaust pipelines, and is used for exhausting toxic and harmful smoke in the multi-line transfer subway station model outwards under the condition of fire;
the fire testing system is used for detecting the temperature, concentration and speed information of the flue gas in the multi-line transfer subway station model under the condition of fire and carrying out centralized display, monitoring and processing on the temperature, concentration and speed information of the flue gas.
Aiming at the characteristics of complex building structure and diversified transfer modes of subway multi-line transfer stations, the embodiment utilizes the temperature measuring probes, the concentration collecting probes and the wind speed measuring probes distributed in different smoke prevention subareas to acquire the temperature, the concentration, the gas flow speed and other information of the smoke under the condition of fire, researches the diffusion rule of the smoke to a plurality of sites through a plurality of transfer channels and stairs when the fire occurs in different smoke prevention subareas, and the smoke discharge ventilation network air distribution and the smoke control scheme of the smoke prevention subareas, so that the diffusion of fire disaster can be effectively controlled, the casualties of personnel can be reduced, and the property loss can be reduced.
As shown in fig. 1, the smoke prevention and exhaust system is located in the multi-line transfer subway station model, and one part of the fire test system is located in the multi-line transfer subway station model, and the other part of the fire test system can be implemented outside the multi-line transfer subway station model.
In one embodiment, the multi-line transfer subway station model includes stations a and B of parallel transfer, "cross" transfer or "T" transfer stations C and D and "L" transfer stations B and D. As shown in fig. 2, the functions of two-line transfer, three-line transfer and four-line transfer can be realized by adjusting the opening and closing of the stairs and the transfer channels among the four stations of the station a, the station B, the station C and the station D.
In the multi-line transfer subway station model of this embodiment, the stations a, B, C and D can all adjust their lengths to meet the vehicle types (type a and type B) of different marshalling numbers, the station structure shown in fig. 2 is one of them, that is, the vehicle type corresponding to the stations a, B and C is the type B vehicle of 6 marshalling, and the vehicle type corresponding to the station D is the type a vehicle of 8 marshalling. In order to improve the economy and operability of the multi-line transfer station model experiment, the size of the station is 1 according to the actual size: 10 is scaled down equally. Of course, in practical implementation, the scaling may be performed according to other ratios, where the scaling depends on the experimental requirement, and the embodiment is not limited in detail.
In the implementation of the present invention, fig. 2 to 15 are all related descriptions of the multi-line transfer subway station model. The fire test method of the subway multi-line transfer station is not limited to the experimental model, and can be applied to two-line transfer stations, three-line transfer stations and four-line transfer stations of an actual subway system to guide fire.
As shown in fig. 3, the topmost layer (first layer) of the multi-line transfer subway station model is a station hall layer, wherein a station a and a station B are parallel transfer stations, the two stations share a station hall, a station C and a station D are cross transfer stations, and the two stations share a station hall. The stairs 1 and 2 are entrances and exits of the public station halls of the station A and the station B to the ground, the stairs 7 and 8 are entrances and exits of the public station halls of the station C and the station D to the ground, and the stairs 3 and 4 are entrances and exits of the transfer passage between the two public station halls to the ground, so that the transfer passage can play a role in transfer, and people can be evacuated and passenger flow controlled through the entrances and exits of the transfer passage.
Fig. 4 is a plan view of an underground two-layer of the multi-line transfer subway station model, fig. 5 is a plan view of an underground three-layer of the multi-line transfer subway station model, fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a 1-1 section of the multi-line transfer subway station model, corresponding to a longitudinal structure marked 1 in fig. 2, fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a 2-2 section of the multi-line transfer subway station model, corresponding to a transverse structure marked 2 at the lowest end in fig. 2, fig. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a 3-3 section of the multi-line transfer subway station model, corresponding to a transverse structure marked 3 in fig. 2. The stairs 9 and 10 are stairs of a station A leading to a station hall, the stairs 11 and 12 are stairs of a station B leading to a station hall, and the two platforms can realize a transfer function in a public station hall through the stairs; the stairs 5 and 6 are stairs of the station C, the stairs 13, 14 and 15 are stairs of the station D, the stairs 16 are stairs of the station C and the station D, so that the station C and the station D can be transferred through the public station hall or can be directly transferred through the transfer stairs between the two stations.
In one embodiment, the two-wire transfer function of parallel transfer and "cross" transfer may be achieved by closing the transfer aisle between two public station halls.
The three-line transfer function with cross and T transfer is realized by closing the stairs leading to the station A or the stairs leading to the station B of the station A and station B sharing station hall; or alternatively
By closing two exit stairways of a station hall shared by the station C and the station D and the stairway of the station C, the three-line transfer function with parallel transfer and T-shaped transfer is realized; or alternatively
All transfer channels and stairs are opened, so that four-line transfer functions of cross transfer, parallel transfer and T-shaped transfer are realized.
The specific implementation is as follows: the three-line transfer function of cross and T transfer can be realized by closing the stairs 9, 10 or 11, 12; the stairs 5, 6 and 16 are closed, so that the three-line transfer function of parallel transfer and T-shaped transfer can be realized, all transfer channels and stairs are opened, and the four-line transfer functions of cross transfer, parallel transfer and T-shaped transfer can be realized.
In one embodiment, the smoke prevention and evacuation system includes:
the first smoke exhaust fans are respectively arranged at the platform tops of the station A, the station B, the station C and the station D and at the top of a station hall, and are connected with a first smoke exhaust pipeline, and a plurality of smoke exhaust ports are arranged at the bottom of the first smoke exhaust pipeline; and
the first smoke exhaust fans are respectively arranged at the bottom and the top of the subway tunnel, and a plurality of smoke exhaust ports are formed in the second smoke exhaust pipelines.
In this embodiment, the smoke-proof partition of the multi-line transfer subway station model includes a platform, a station hall public area and a station tunnel. The station hall, the public district of platform adopt the top mode of discharging fume, and exhaust fan is connected with the exhaust pipe who covers station, station hall, and exhaust pipe bottom is provided with a plurality of exhaust ports, and exhaust fan draws poisonous and harmful flue gas through the exhaust port under the conflagration condition. The platform and the station hall top smoke exhaust system of the multi-line transfer subway station model are designed and installed according to the type of an actual station, and a plurality of smoke exhaust pipelines are uniformly arranged at the tops of the station hall and the platform.
Fig. 11 is a layout diagram of smoke exhaust pipelines of two public hall, two ends of the smoke exhaust pipelines are respectively reserved with fan interfaces, and an adjustable air valve is arranged in the middle of the smoke exhaust pipeline to realize research on control modes of large-area smoke diffusion and local smoke diffusion. Fig. 12 and 14 (a) are station smoke exhaust duct layout diagrams of stations a, B, C and D, similarly to smoke exhaust ducts of a hall, with smoke outlets uniformly distributed in the station head space.
As shown in fig. 10, the station tunnel adopts a ventilation and smoke exhaust mode in which a platform bottom smoke exhaust system and a station tunnel top smoke exhaust system are combined, smoke exhaust fans are installed at two ends of a track exhaust flue, a plurality of smoke exhaust ports are longitudinally and uniformly arranged in the flue, and smoke is exhausted through the smoke exhaust ports.
Fig. 9 is a longitudinal sectional view of a station tunnel bottom smoke exhaust duct, and fig. 13 and 14 (B) are schematic views of station tunnel top flues of station a, station B, station C and station D.
In one embodiment, the fire testing system comprises a data monitoring device which is in communication connection with a smoke temperature detection system, a smoke concentration detection system and a wind speed detection system which are arranged in a smoke prevention and discharge area of the subway station. The smoke temperature detection system is used for detecting the smoke temperature under the condition of fire and sending the smoke temperature to the data monitoring device; the smoke concentration detection system is used for detecting the smoke concentration under the condition of fire and sending the smoke concentration to the data monitoring device; the wind speed detection system is used for detecting the airflow speed of fresh air at each access opening to a fire disaster area under the condition of fire disaster and sending the airflow speed to the data monitoring device. The data monitoring device is used for receiving the information of the flue gas temperature detection system, the flue gas concentration detection system and the wind speed detection system, and displaying and analyzing the information.
The data monitoring device in this embodiment may be an intelligent terminal with a communication function, including a PC, a smart phone, a tablet computer, and the like. The communication connection may be a wireless connection or a wired connection, which is not particularly limited in the present invention.
The analysis process includes: the data monitoring device compares the temperature data information, the concentration data information and the wind speed data information received at different moments and under different ventilation flow rates, simultaneously sets different smoke discharging modes, simulates the difference among the smoke temperature, the smoke concentration and the wind speed under each smoke discharging mode under different air discharging amounts, and determines a smoke control method.
In one embodiment, the flue gas temperature detection system comprises: the temperature measuring probes are arranged at the top of the multi-line transfer subway station model and are connected with a temperature measuring module which is in communication connection with the data monitoring device; the temperature measuring probe is used for sensing the temperature of the flue gas; the temperature measuring module is used for converting the flue gas temperature sensed by the temperature measuring probe into temperature data information and sending the temperature data information to the data monitoring device.
In one embodiment, the flue gas concentration detection system comprises: the concentration acquisition probes are arranged at the human eye height along the evacuation path and are connected with a concentration analysis module which is in communication connection with the data monitoring device; the concentration acquisition probe is used for acquiring the concentration of the flue gas; the concentration analysis module is used for analyzing the flue gas concentration acquired by the concentration acquisition probe to obtain concentration data information, and sending the concentration data information to the data monitoring device.
In one embodiment, the wind speed detection system comprises: the wind speed measuring probes are arranged in the middle of the stairs and at the entrances and exits of each station and are connected with an anemometer which is in communication connection with the data monitoring device; the wind speed measuring probe is used for measuring the wind speed at the stairs and measuring the air flow speed of fresh air at each entrance and exit to the fire disaster area.
In one embodiment, the flue gas temperature detection system comprises temperature measurement probes and a temperature measurement module, wherein one temperature measurement module is connected with dozens or more temperature measurement probes, and flue gas temperature conversion temperature data information sensed by each temperature measurement probe is respectively sent to the data monitoring device.
In one embodiment, the flue gas concentration detection system comprises a concentration acquisition probe and a concentration analysis module, wherein one concentration analysis module is connected with tens or more concentration acquisition probes and respectively transmits relevant gas concentration information conversion concentration data information in flue gas acquired by each concentration acquisition probe to the data monitoring device.
In one embodiment, the wind speed detection system comprises wind speed measuring probes and an anemometer, wherein one anemometer is connected with dozens or more wind speed measuring probes, and wind speed conversion wind speed data information measured by each wind speed measuring probe at different positions is respectively sent to the data monitoring device.
In one embodiment, the fire testing system further comprises a fire source control system;
the fire source control system is used for generating a fire source and controlling the power of the fire source; the fire source control system comprises a gas fire generation system and an oil pool fire generation system;
the gas fire generating system comprises combustible gas, a gas storage tank, a hose, a flowmeter, a tempering valve and a burner, and is used for generating a gas fire source and controlling the power of the gas fire source;
the oil pool fire generating system comprises fuel oil, a balance, a fireproof plate, a stainless steel oil basin and an ignition device, and is used for generating an oil pool fire source and controlling the power of the oil pool fire source.
Specifically, the power control of the gas fire source includes: adjusting the flowmeter to control the fire source power to satisfy:
wherein Q is the power of a fire source, χ is the combustion efficiency of the combustible gas,converting the mass flow rate (g/s) of the combustible gas by using the volume flow rate of the combustible gas, wherein delta H is the heat value (kJ/g) of the combustible gas;
the power control of the oil pool fire source comprises: the type of the fuel oil and the area of the stainless steel oil basin are adjusted to control the power of the fire source, so that the requirements are satisfied:
Q＝χ·m·ΔH
where Q is the power of the fire source, χ is the combustion efficiency of the fuel oil, m is the rate of fuel mass loss (g/s) measured in real time by the balance, ΔH is the heating value (kJ/g) of the fuel oil.
The specific implementation mode of the invention comprises a first embodiment two-line transfer station fire experiment, a second embodiment three-line transfer station fire experiment and a third embodiment four-line transfer station fire experiment; in order to reduce the cost, the communication connection between each fire protection system and the data monitoring device adopts cable connection or signal line connection; the temperature measuring cable comprises a cable and a temperature measuring probe connected to the cable, wherein one end of the cable is connected with a temperature measuring module and is connected to a numerical value acquisition device through the temperature measuring module; the anemometer is a multi-channel anemometer, and the data monitoring device is a computer.
The fire experiment of the two-line transfer station in the first embodiment firstly closes a transfer channel between two public station halls of the multi-line transfer subway station model to realize the two-line transfer functions of parallel transfer and cross transfer; the embodiment samples a fire experiment of a cross transfer station platform. The specific implementation steps are as follows:
1. and selecting a fire source position, setting a fire source point at the middle of a station platform of the station D, and placing a fire source control system at the middle of the station platform.
2. The method comprises the steps of adopting fuel with various smoke quantities such as methanol, ethanol, gasoline or liquefied gas and the like to manufacture oil pool fire or gas fire as a fire source, placing the fire source at a selected fire source position, and simulating fire scenes of fires of other devices in a luggage fire station carried by passengers in a measurement channel.
3. Installing distributed temperature measuring cables below the platforms of the stations C and D and the ceilings of the public station halls, the stairways 5, the stairways 6, the stairways 13, the stairways 14, the stairways 15 and the stairways 16; one end of the temperature measuring cable is connected with the temperature measuring module, and the temperature measuring module is connected with the computer.
4. The wind speed measuring probes of the wind speed detecting system are installed at 1/3 height of the central lines of the stairs 5, the stairs 6, the stairs 13, the stairs 14, the stairs 15 and the stairs 16, and all the wind speed measuring probes are connected with the anemometer which is connected with the computer through signal wires.
5. The concentration acquisition probes for acquiring the concentration and visibility of the flue gas are arranged at the platform of the station C and the station D and at the height of 1/3 ceiling of the central lines of the public station hall, the stairs 5, the stairs 6, the stairs 13, the stairs 14, the stairs 15 and the stairs 16, all the concentration acquisition probes are connected and connected with the concentration analysis module, and the concentration analysis module is connected to the computer through the signal transmission line.
6. Starting a smoke exhaust fan at one end of a smoke exhaust pipeline at the top of a station D platform, and setting a plurality of smoke exhaust amounts;
7. and collecting the flue gas temperature, the CO concentration, the CO2 concentration, the visibility and the flue gas flow speed in the stations of the station C and the station D and the public station hall.
8. And (3) opening a fan at one end of the smoke exhaust pipeline at the top of the platform of the station C to supply air, opening a fan at one end of the smoke exhaust pipeline at the top of the platform of the station D to exhaust smoke, and setting a plurality of different smoke exhaust amounts.
9. And collecting the flue gas temperature, the CO concentration, the CO2 concentration, the visibility and the flue gas flow speed in the stations of the station C and the station D and the public station hall.
10. And comparing the difference of the smoke temperature, the CO concentration, the CO2 concentration, the visibility and the smoke flow speed under the condition of each smoke discharging mode, and preliminarily determining the linkage mode of the ventilating system with higher smoke discharging efficiency.
11. And (3) setting various air quantities again according to the method of the step (8) to optimize the linkage mode of the ventilation system with higher smoke discharging efficiency selected in the step (10), and determining a final smoke discharging mode optimization scheme.
The fire experiment of the three-line transfer station in the second embodiment firstly closes a transfer stair and a transfer channel between a certain platform of the multi-line transfer subway station model and a station hall to realize a two-line transfer function, and simultaneously comprises cross transfer and T transfer; three-line transfer is realized by a three-line transfer station in which cross transfer and T transfer exist simultaneously. The specific implementation steps are as follows:
1. the stairs 9 and 10 are closed so that the experimental model has both a cross transfer form of the station C and the station D and a T-type transfer form of the station B and the station D.
2. And selecting a fire source position, setting a fire source point at the middle of a platform of the station B, and placing a fire source control system at the middle of the platform.
3. The method comprises the steps of adopting fuel with various smoke quantities such as methanol, ethanol, gasoline or liquefied gas and the like to manufacture oil pool fire or gas fire as a fire source, placing the fire source at a selected fire source position, and simulating fire scenes of fires of other devices in a luggage fire station carried by passengers in a measurement channel.
4. The distributed temperature measuring cable is arranged below the platforms of the stations B, C and D and the ceilings of the public station hall, the stairs 1-8 and the stairs 11-16, one end of the temperature measuring cable is connected with the temperature measuring module, and the temperature measuring module is connected with the computer.
5. The wind speed measuring probes of the wind speed detecting system are arranged at 1/3 height of the central lines of the stairs 1-8 and 11-16, and all the wind speed measuring probes are connected with the anemometer which is connected with the computer through a signal wire.
6. The concentration acquisition probes for acquiring the concentration and visibility of the flue gas are arranged at the positions of 1/3 ceiling height of the center lines of station B, station C and station D platforms and public station halls, stairs 1-8 and 11-16, all the concentration acquisition probes are connected with a concentration analysis module, and the concentration analysis module is connected to a computer through a signal transmission line.
7. Starting a smoke exhaust fan at one end of a smoke exhaust pipeline at the top of a station B platform, and setting a plurality of smoke exhaust amounts;
8. and collecting the flue gas temperature, the concentration of CO and CO2, the visibility and the flue gas flow speed in the stations of the station B, the station C and the station D and the public station hall.
9. Starting a fan at one end of a smoke exhaust pipeline at the top of a station hall above a station B platform to supply air, starting a fan at one end of the smoke exhaust pipeline at the top of the station B platform to exhaust smoke, and setting a plurality of different air volumes;
10. and collecting the flue gas temperature, the concentration of CO and CO2, the visibility and the flue gas flow speed of the stations of the station B, the station C and the station D and the public station hall.
11. And opening fans at one end of a smoke exhaust pipeline at the top of a station hall above a station B platform and station halls of a station C and a station D to supply air, opening fans at one end of a smoke exhaust pipeline at the top of the station B platform to exhaust smoke, and setting a plurality of different air volumes.
12. And collecting the smoke temperature, the CO concentration, the CO2 concentration, the visibility and the smoke flow speed in the stations of the station B, the station C and the station D and the public station hall.
13. And comparing the difference of the smoke temperature, the CO concentration, the CO2 concentration, the visibility and the smoke flow speed under the condition of each smoke discharging mode, and preliminarily determining the linkage mode of the ventilating system with higher smoke discharging efficiency.
14. And (3) setting various air quantities again according to the methods of the step (9) and the step (11) to optimize the linkage mode of the ventilation system with higher smoke discharging efficiency selected in the step (13), and determining a final smoke discharging mode optimization scheme.
According to the fire experiment of the four-wire transfer station in the third embodiment, all transfer channels and transfer stairs of a model of the multi-wire transfer subway station are opened, and four-wire transfer functions of parallel transfer, "cross" transfer and "T" transfer are realized. The specific implementation steps are as follows:
1. and selecting the position of a train source, and placing a small-size train model of 8-section marshalling A-type vehicles in a station tunnel of a station D.
2. The method comprises the steps of adopting fuel with various smoke quantities such as methanol, ethanol, gasoline or liquefied gas and the like to manufacture oil pool fire or gas fire as a fire source, placing the fire source on a roadbed at the bottom of a train, and simulating a fire scene when the train stops at a station tunnel or runs to the station tunnel when the train fires in an interval tunnel.
3. The distributed temperature measuring cable is arranged below station tunnels of the station D, stations A, B, C and D, a public station hall and a stair ceiling, one end of the temperature measuring cable is connected with a temperature measuring module, and the temperature measuring module is connected with a computer.
4. The wind speed measuring probes of the wind speed detecting system are installed at 1/3 height of the central line of the stair, all the wind speed measuring probes are connected with the anemometer, and the anemometer is connected to the computer through a signal wire.
5. The concentration acquisition probes for acquiring the concentration and visibility of the flue gas are arranged at the 1/3 ceiling height positions of the central lines of stations A, B, C and D, public station halls and stairs, all the concentration acquisition probes are connected and connected with the concentration analysis module, and the concentration analysis module is connected to a computer through a signal transmission line.
6. The station D station screen door is in a closed state, the top and bottom smoke exhaust fans of the station D station tunnel are started, and a plurality of smoke exhaust amounts are set.
7. And collecting the smoke temperature, the CO concentration, the CO2 concentration, the visibility and the smoke flow speed in the station D station tunnel.
8. And opening the shielding doors at the train head positions where the station D station tunnel stops, wherein other shielding doors are still in a closed state, starting the top and bottom smoke exhaust fans of the station D station tunnel, and setting a plurality of smoke exhaust amounts.
9. And collecting the smoke temperature, the CO concentration, the CO2 concentration, the visibility and the smoke flow speed in the station D station tunnel.
10. And (3) keeping the opening and closing modes of the shielding doors in the step (8), starting the top and bottom smoke exhaust fans of the station tunnel of the station D to exhaust smoke, starting the fans of other station stations and station halls to supply air, and setting a plurality of air volumes.
11. And collecting the station tunnel of the station D, the station platform of the station A, the station B, the station C and the station D, and the smoke temperature, the CO concentration, the CO2 concentration, the visibility and the smoke flow speed in a public station hall.
12. And opening all shielding doors at one side where the station D station tunnel train stops, starting the top and bottom smoke exhaust fans of the station D station tunnel, and setting a plurality of smoke exhaust amounts.
13. And collecting the station tunnel of the station D, the station platform of the station A, the station B, the station C and the station D, and the smoke temperature, the CO concentration, the CO2 concentration, the visibility and the smoke flow speed in a public station hall.
14. And (3) keeping the opening and closing modes of the shielding door in the step (12), starting the top and bottom smoke exhaust fans of the station D station tunnel to exhaust smoke, starting the fans of other station platforms and station halls to supply air, and setting a plurality of air volumes.
15. And collecting the station tunnel of the station D, the station platform of the station A, the station B, the station C and the station D, and the smoke temperature, the CO concentration, the CO2 concentration, the visibility and the smoke flow speed in a public station hall.
16. And comparing the difference of the smoke temperature, the CO concentration, the CO2 concentration, the visibility and the smoke flow speed under the condition of each smoke discharging mode, and preliminarily determining the linkage mode of the ventilating system with higher smoke discharging efficiency.
17. According to the methods of the step 6, the step 8, the step 10, the step 12 and the step 14, a plurality of air volumes are set again to optimize the linkage mode of the ventilating system with higher smoke discharging efficiency selected in the step 16, and a final four-wire transfer station train fire smoke discharging mode optimizing scheme is determined.
Based on the fire experiment of the two-wire transfer station of the first embodiment, the fire experiment of the three-wire transfer station of the second embodiment and the fire experiment of the four-wire transfer station of the third embodiment, the invention also provides a fire control method for simulating a fire of a subway station, which comprises the following steps:
s1, detecting the temperature of smoke, the concentration of CO and the concentration of CO under the condition of subway station fire disaster 2 Concentration, visibility, and smoke flow rate;
s2, based on the flue gas temperature, the CO concentration and the CO 2 The concentration, visibility and smoke flow speed are compared with the smoke temperature, CO concentration and CO under different smoke discharging modes 2 The difference of the concentration, visibility and the change condition of the smoke flow speed is used for determining a preliminary smoke discharging mode;
s3, starting a smoke exhaust fan in the subway station to exhaust smoke based on the preliminary smoke exhaust mode, and setting different air exhaust volumes;
s4, detecting different flue gas temperatures, CO concentrations and CO based on the different exhaust amounts 2 Concentration, visibility and smoke flow rate, determine the final smoke evacuation mode.
Specifically, the smoke discharging modes comprise a station hall top smoke discharging mode, a tunnel bottom and top smoke discharging mode and a linkage smoke discharging mode of the subway station; the linkage smoke discharging mode comprises a mode of carrying out combined smoke discharging by combining all or part of smoke discharging facilities in the smoke discharging mode at the top of the station hall and all or part of smoke discharging facilities in the smoke discharging mode at the bottom and the top of the tunnel.
Aiming at the characteristics of complex building structure and diversified transfer modes of subway multi-line transfer stations, the invention utilizes the temperature measuring probes, the concentration collecting probes and the wind speed measuring probes distributed in different smoke prevention subareas to acquire the temperature, the concentration, the gas flow speed and other information of the smoke under the condition of fire, researches the diffusion rule of the smoke to a plurality of sites through a plurality of transfer channels and stairs when the fire occurs in different smoke prevention subareas, and the smoke discharge ventilation network air distribution and smoke control scheme of the smoke prevention subareas, thereby effectively controlling the diffusion of fire disaster situations, reducing the casualties of personnel and reducing the property loss.
Finally, the methods of the present application are only preferred embodiments and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A fire test device for subway multi-line transfer station, characterized by comprising: a multi-line transfer subway station model, an anti-smoke exhaust system and a fire test system;
the multi-line transfer subway station model comprises a station A, a station B, a station C and a station D, and is used for realizing the functions of two-line transfer, three-line transfer and four-line transfer by adjusting the stairway of the station A, the station B, the station C and the station D and the opening or closing of a transfer channel;
the station A, the station B, the station C and the station D can meet the vehicle types of different marshalling numbers by adjusting the length of the station A, the station B, the station C and the station D;
the multi-line transfer subway station model also comprises 16 stairways, and the two-line transfer functions of parallel transfer and cross transfer are realized by closing a transfer channel between two public station halls; or alternatively
The three-line transfer function with cross and T transfer is realized by closing the stairs leading to the station A or the stairs leading to the station B of the station A and station B sharing station hall; or alternatively
By closing two exit stairways of a station hall shared by the station C and the station D and the stairway of the station C, the three-line transfer function with parallel transfer and T-shaped transfer is realized; or alternatively
All transfer channels and stairs are opened, so that four-line transfer functions of cross transfer, parallel transfer and T-shaped transfer are realized;
the smoke prevention and exhaust system comprises a plurality of first smoke exhaust fans which are respectively arranged at the tops of stations A, B, C and D and a hall, wherein the first smoke exhaust fans are connected with a first smoke exhaust pipeline, and a plurality of smoke exhaust ports are arranged at the bottom of the first smoke exhaust pipeline; the two ends of the second smoke exhaust pipelines are respectively connected with a second smoke exhaust fan, and a plurality of smoke exhaust ports are formed in the second smoke exhaust pipelines;
the fire testing system is used for detecting the temperature, concentration and speed information of the flue gas in the multi-line transfer subway station model under the condition of fire and carrying out centralized display, monitoring and processing on the temperature, concentration and speed information of the flue gas;
the fire testing system comprises a fire source control system, a data monitoring device, a smoke temperature detection system, a smoke concentration detection system and a wind speed detection system;
the fire source control system is used for generating a fire source and controlling the power of the fire source, the fire source control system comprises a gas fire generating system and an oil pool fire generating system, the gas fire generating system comprises combustible gas, a gas storage tank, a hose, a flowmeter, a tempering valve and a burner, the gas fire generating system is used for generating the gas fire source and controlling the power of the gas fire source, and the oil pool fire generating system comprises oil, a balance, a fireproof plate, a stainless steel oil basin and an ignition device, and is used for generating the oil pool fire source and controlling the power of the oil pool fire source;
the power control of the gas fire source comprises: adjusting the flowmeter to control the fire source power to satisfy:
wherein Q is the power of a fire source, χ is the combustion efficiency of the combustible gas,converting the mass flow rate (g/s) of the combustible gas by using the volume flow rate of the combustible gas, wherein delta H is the heat value (kJ/g) of the combustible gas;
the power control of the oil pool fire source comprises: the type of fuel oil and the area of the stainless steel oil basin are adjusted to control the power of the fire source, so that the requirements are satisfied:
Q＝χ·m·ΔH
wherein Q is the power of a fire source, χ is the combustion efficiency of the fuel oil, m is the fuel mass loss rate (g/s) measured in real time by the balance, ΔH is the heating value (kJ/g) of the fuel oil;
the data monitoring device is used for receiving information of the flue gas temperature detection system, the flue gas concentration detection system and the wind speed detection system, displaying and analyzing the information, and is in communication connection with the flue gas temperature detection system, the flue gas concentration detection system and the wind speed detection system which are arranged in a subway station smoke prevention and discharge area;
the smoke temperature detection system is used for detecting the smoke temperature under the condition of fire and sending the smoke temperature to the data monitoring device;
the smoke temperature detection system comprises a plurality of temperature measurement probes arranged at the top of the multi-line transfer subway station model, wherein the temperature measurement probes are used for sensing smoke temperature, the temperature measurement probes are connected with a temperature measurement module, the temperature measurement module is used for converting the smoke temperature sensed by the temperature measurement probes into temperature data information and sending the temperature data information to the data monitoring device, and the temperature measurement module is in communication connection with the data monitoring device;
the smoke concentration detection system is used for detecting the smoke concentration under the condition of fire and sending the smoke concentration to the data monitoring device;
the smoke concentration detection system comprises a plurality of concentration acquisition probes arranged at the human eye height along the evacuation path, wherein the concentration acquisition probes are used for acquiring smoke concentration, the concentration acquisition probes are connected with a concentration analysis module, the concentration analysis module is used for analyzing the smoke concentration acquired by the concentration acquisition probes to obtain concentration data information, and sending the concentration data information to the data monitoring device, and the concentration analysis module is in communication connection with the data monitoring device;
the wind speed detection system is used for detecting the airflow speed of fresh air at each access opening to a fire disaster area under the condition of fire disaster and sending the airflow speed to the data monitoring device;
the wind speed detection system includes: the wind speed measuring probes are used for measuring the wind speed at the stairway and measuring the air speed of fresh air at each entrance and exit to a fire disaster area, the wind speed measuring probes are connected with the anemometer, the anemometer is in communication connection with the data monitoring device, and the anemometer is used for converting the air speed at the wind speed measuring probes into wind speed data information and sending the wind speed data information to the data monitoring device.
2. A fire testing method for a subway multi-line transfer station, characterized in that the method is implemented based on the fire testing apparatus for a subway multi-line transfer station according to claim 1, comprising:
s1, detecting the temperature of smoke, the concentration of CO and the concentration of CO under the condition of subway station fire disaster 2 Concentration, visibility, and smoke flow rate;
s2, based on the flue gas temperature, the CO concentration and the CO 2 The concentration, visibility and smoke flow speed are compared with the smoke temperature, CO concentration and CO under different smoke discharging modes 2 The difference of the concentration, visibility and the change condition of the smoke flow speed is used for determining a preliminary smoke discharging mode;
s3, starting a smoke exhaust fan in the subway station to exhaust smoke based on the preliminary smoke exhaust mode, and adjusting the air exhaust quantity according to the smoke change condition;
s4, detecting different flue gas temperatures, CO concentrations and CO based on the different exhaust amounts 2 The concentration, visibility and smoke flow rate, and the final smoke discharging mode is determined according to the optimal effect of smoke control.
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| CN109900492B (en) * | 2019-01-15 | 2020-11-03 | 浙江吉利汽车研究院有限公司 | Automobile ignition test system and method |
| CN110617078B (en) * | 2019-09-27 | 2021-05-18 | 广州地铁设计研究院股份有限公司 | Embedded air duct type rail passing structure |
| CN111256287A (en) * | 2020-01-21 | 2020-06-09 | 中国安全生产科学研究院 | Distributed smoke exhaust system for subway station platform and air volume adjusting method |
| CN113593336A (en) * | 2021-06-21 | 2021-11-02 | 清华大学 | Two-station one-interval fire simulation system for subway |
| CN113236333B (en) * | 2021-06-25 | 2022-02-01 | 中国安全生产科学研究院 | Semi-underground atrium subway station fire ventilation and smoke exhaust system and method |
| CN113916580A (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2022-01-11 | 福州大学 | Subway tunnel fire test device and working method thereof |
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