CN106773048B - Head-mounted display optical system with adjustable exit pupil - Google Patents
Head-mounted display optical system with adjustable exit pupil Download PDFInfo
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- CN106773048B CN106773048B CN201611227250.4A CN201611227250A CN106773048B CN 106773048 B CN106773048 B CN 106773048B CN 201611227250 A CN201611227250 A CN 201611227250A CN 106773048 B CN106773048 B CN 106773048B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/017—Head mounted
- G02B27/0172—Head mounted characterised by optical features
Abstract
An optical system of a head-mounted display with an adjustable exit pupil consists of a front fixed group, a zoom group, a compensation group and a rear fixed group, and the position relationship is as follows: the micro display or the intermediate image surface is used as an object plane, and is sequentially provided with a front fixed group, a zooming group, a compensating group and a rear fixed group, wherein the front fixed group, the zooming group, the compensating group and the rear fixed group are arranged in an axisymmetric manner relative to an optical axis, the front fixed group and the rear fixed group are always kept unchanged in position in the zooming process of the optical system, and the zooming group and the compensating group move along the optical axis according to respective curves in the zooming process of the optical system. The zooming group and the compensating group keep the front focal plane and the rear focal plane of the optical system fixed in the moving process, so that the front focal plane and the object plane of the optical system coincide, and the rear focal plane and the exit pupil of the optical system coincide. The invention has the characteristics of simple structure, high light energy utilization rate, high imaging quality and the like, and can realize the expansion and intelligent adjustment of the exit pupil.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a head mounted display. In particular to an optical system of a head-mounted display with adjustable exit pupil.
Background
A typical head mounted display (hereinafter abbreviated as HMD) is composed of two parts of a micro-display and an optical system. HMD is a visual optical system in which the exit pupil of the optical system coincides with the pupil of the human eye. In order to effectively cooperate with human eye vision to achieve optimal display and efficient utilization of incident light energy, HMD designs must adequately account for the brightness of the microdisplay, the field of view size of the optical system, the exit pupil parameters, and the imaging quality. The exit pupil parameter is one of the important design parameters of the optical system, and mainly comprises the exit pupil diameter, the exit pupil distance and the exit pupil distance. On the premise that the requirement that the exit pupil distance and the exit pupil distance are strictly matched with the pupil of the human eye is met, the design value of the exit pupil diameter of the optical system is much larger than the pupil diameter of the human eye. This is mainly to take into account the brightness adjustment mechanism of the eye and to avoid vignetting or image surface loss caused by excessive mismatch of the pupil and the system exit pupil due to rotation of the human eye. In general, the pupil diameter of the human eye is 2.5 to 4mm, the design value of the exit pupil diameter of the penetrating HMD is 10 to 15mm, and the design value of the exit pupil diameter of the immersive HMD is 4 to 6mm in consideration of the small rotation range of the human eye.
In order to increase the exit pupil diameter of the optical system and simultaneously ensure high brightness, large field of view, high resolution display, and portability of the structure of the HMD, the HMD adopts an exit pupil expansion technique to solve this problem. Currently, HMDs based on exit pupil expansion technology mainly have a retina scan display (RSD for short) and a planar optical waveguide head-mounted display. As shown in fig. 1, the principle of the expansion of the exit pupil of the RSD is composed of a light source L, a scanning mirror M and an optical system S. Because the divergence angle of the light source adopted by the RSD is smaller, in order to fully utilize the light emitting angle of the light source, the optical system of the RSD is different from the traditional ocular, and the designed light path is an object space telecentric light path. The optical system must therefore meet the constraint of the terahertz invariance, and in order to increase the diameter of the exit pupil P of the RSD, the object numerical aperture of the optical system must be increased. The RSD increases the exit pupil diameter of the RSD by placing an exit pupil expander EEP between the scanning mirror M and the optical system S, which is positioned to coincide exactly with the intermediate image plane I, thereby increasing the exit angle of the light source through the exit pupil expander EEP. The exit pupil expander commonly used in RSD at present includes devices with a fixed periodic structure such as fiber array panels, diffractive optical elements, and microlens arrays. Prior art [1] (see tpani levola et al Stereoscopic exit pupil expander display.us 2010/0231893) proposes an RSD extended exit pupil method using input coupling, intermediate and output coupling multiple diffractive optical elements on an optical substrate and rationally setting the periodic line angles of the elements. Prior Art [2] (see Hakan Urey, karlton. Microlens-array-based exit-pupil expander for full-color displays, applied Optics, vol.44No.23, august 2005) gives the theory of exit pupil expansion of microlens arrays, uses a double-row microlens array as the exit pupil expander in RSD and analyzes the alignment of microlens arrays and the effect of different processing methods on exit pupil uniformity. Prior Art [3] (see were flown, zhang Xin. Holographic waveguide helmet display technology, china optics, vol.7No.5, 2014) reviews methods and techniques for expanding the exit pupil in a flat panel optical waveguide head mounted display by employing a combination of holographic waveguides and diffraction gratings or employing a semi-permeable membrane array waveguide.
The disadvantages of the above techniques are mainly:
1) The processing difficulty of the diffraction optical element or the micro lens array is high, the processing technology is complex, and the cost is high;
2) Stray light and chromatic dispersion caused by diffraction are difficult to correct through an optical system, and the imaging quality of the HMD is reduced;
3) The surface shape error caused by the processing technology and the interference among diffraction orders reduce the illumination uniformity of the HMD exit pupil surface;
4) The diffraction efficiency of the diffraction grating influences the light energy utilization rate of the HMD, and the brightness of the HMD exit pupil plane is reduced;
5) The use of the exit pupil expander increases the assembly difficulty of the HMD, so that the structure of the HMD is complex;
6) The exit pupil expander of the HMD can only expand the exit pupil to a fixed value, and cannot achieve any adjustment of the exit pupil. To achieve different exit pupil values, the HMD must switch different exit pupil expanders.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide an optical system of a head-mounted display with an adjustable exit pupil. The optical system has the characteristics of simple structure, high light energy utilization rate, high imaging quality and the like, and can realize continuous adjustment of focal length by adopting a mechanical zooming method on the premise of fixing the micro display and the exit pupil position, thereby realizing continuous adjustment of the diameter of the exit pupil. By adopting the optical system, the head-mounted display optical system can realize the expansion of the exit pupil without a special exit pupil expansion device, and can realize the intelligent adjustment of the exit pupil according to different use environments of the HMD.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the utility model provides an exit pupil adjustable wear display optical system, its characteristics are that this optical system comprises preceding fixed group, varifocal group, compensation group and back fixed group, and its positional relationship is: the micro display or the intermediate image surface is used as an object plane, and is sequentially provided with a front fixed group, a zooming group, a compensating group and a rear fixed group, wherein the front fixed group, the zooming group, the compensating group and the rear fixed group are arranged in an axisymmetric manner relative to an optical axis, the front fixed group and the rear fixed group are always kept unchanged in position in the zooming process of the optical system, and the zooming group and the compensating group move along the optical axis according to respective curves in the zooming process of the optical system. The zooming group and the compensating group keep the front focal plane and the rear focal plane of the optical system fixed in the moving process, so that the front focal plane and the object plane of the optical system coincide, and the rear focal plane and the exit pupil of the optical system coincide.
The front fixed group is a positive lens group, the micro display or an intermediate image surface is used as an object surface of an optical system, the image surface is coincident with a back focal plane, the front fixed group adopts a cemented lens of positive and negative lens combination, the material of a positive focal power lens is crown glass, the material of a negative focal power lens is flint glass, the lens group with refractive index difference is used for correcting chromatic aberration caused by multiple wavelengths, and the front surface and the back surface of the lens used in the front fixed group are spherical surfaces and are plated with anti-reflection films AR.
The zoom group is a negative lens group, each lens is arranged on a mechanical structure and controlled by a cam, and the front and rear surfaces of the lenses used in the zoom group are spherical surfaces and are plated with anti-reflection films AR.
The compensation group is a positive lens group, each lens of the compensation group is arranged on a mechanical structure and controlled by a cam, and the front and rear surfaces of the lens used in the compensation group are spherical surfaces and are plated with anti-reflection films AR.
The rear fixed group is a negative lens group, the object plane of the lens group coincides with the front focal plane, the exit pupil coincides with the pupil position of human eyes, and the front and rear surfaces of the lenses used in the rear fixed group are spherical surfaces and are plated with anti-reflection films AR.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the optical system, on the premise of ensuring the fixation of the micro display and the exit pupil position, the exit pupil diameter of the HMD is continuously increased by moving the zoom group and the compensation group, namely the HMD can realize the expansion of the exit pupil without adding an exit pupil expander, so that the change of the integral structure of the HMD is avoided, and the processing and assembling difficulty of the HMD is reduced;
2. the optical system can realize continuous adjustment of focal length and can enable the diameter of the exit pupil to be continuously adjustable within a certain range, so that the optical system can realize intelligent adjustment of the exit pupil according to different use environments of the HMD.
3. The optical system has a design light path which is an object space telecentric light path, and can fully utilize the divergence angle of the micro display to form uniform illuminance distribution at the pupil of human eyes. In addition, the lens materials adopted by the optical system are all glass, so that the optical system has high transmittance and can improve the light energy utilization rate of the HMD;
4. the designed light path of the optical system can reduce the field of view incident to the pupil of the human eye when the focal length is the maximum value on the premise of ensuring the certain size of the imaging range, thereby reducing the distortion of the optical system and improving the imaging quality of the HMD;
5. in the zooming process of the optical system, the front focal plane and the rear focal plane of the optical system are fixed, the entrance pupil of the HMD is always positioned at infinity, and the observation range of the HMD is enlarged;
drawings
The exit pupil expansion schematic of the retinal scan display of FIG. 1
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an optical system of a head mounted display with an adjustable exit pupil in accordance with the present invention
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an optical system of an embodiment of the present invention with an adjustable exit pupil for a head-mounted display with different design parameters, wherein (a) is a designed optical diagram with a design parameter focal length f=20mm exit pupil diameter D=2mm; (b) A design light path diagram for design parameter focal length f=60 mm exit pupil diameter d=6 mm; (c) A design light path diagram with the design parameter focal length f=100 mm exit pupil diameter d=10 mm.
Fig. 4 shows aberration curves of an embodiment of the present invention, wherein (a) is an aberration curve of design parameter focal length f=20 mm exit pupil diameter d=2 mm; (b) An aberration curve for a design parameter focal length f=60 mm exit pupil diameter d=6 mm; (c) An aberration curve with a focal length f=100 mm exit pupil diameter d=10 mm is designed as a parameter.
Fig. 5 shows a diffuse patch according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein (a) is a diffuse patch with a design parameter focal length f=20 mm exit pupil diameter d=2 mm; (b) A diffuse spot with a design parameter focal length f=60 mm exit pupil diameter d=6 mm; (c) For the design parameter focal length f=100 mm exit pupil diameter d=10 mm of diffuse spots.
Fig. 6 shows a transfer function curve of an embodiment of the present invention, where (a) is a transfer function curve of a design parameter focal length f=20 mm exit pupil diameter d=2 mm; (b) A transfer function curve for a design parameter focal length f=60 mm exit pupil diameter d=6 mm; (c) A transfer function curve with a design parameter focal length f=100 mm exit pupil diameter d=10 mm.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments and drawings.
The exit pupil adjustable head mounted display optical system of the present invention is shown in fig. 2. The optical system of the head-mounted display with the adjustable exit pupil consists of a front fixed group L1, a zoom group L2, a compensation group L3 and a rear fixed group L4, and the positional relationship is as follows: the micro display or the intermediate image plane is used as an object plane, and is sequentially provided with a front fixed group L1, a zooming group L2, a compensating group L3 and a rear fixed group L4, wherein the front fixed group, the zooming group, the compensating group and the rear fixed group are axially symmetrically arranged relative to an optical axis, the front fixed group and the rear fixed group are always kept unchanged in position in the zooming process of the optical system, and the zooming group and the compensating group move along the optical axis according to respective curves in the zooming process of the optical system. The zooming group and the compensating group keep the front focal plane and the rear focal plane of the optical system fixed in the moving process, so that the front focal plane and the object plane of the optical system coincide, and the rear focal plane and the exit pupil of the optical system coincide.
The front fixed group L1 is a positive lens group, the micro display or the middle image surface is used as the object surface of the optical system, the image surface is coincident with the back focal plane, namely, the principal rays of different fields of view on the object surface are parallel to each other in the object space. Specifically, the front fixed group L1 employs a cemented lens of a positive and negative lens combination to correct spherical aberration of the optical system. The positive focal power lens is made of crown glass, the negative focal power lens is made of flint glass, and chromatic aberration caused by multiple wavelengths can be corrected by adopting a lens group with refractive index difference. The front and rear surfaces of the lens used in the front fixing group L1 are spherical and are plated with anti-reflection films AR.
The zoom group L2 is a negative lens group, and has the main function of realizing continuous variable focal length of the optical system and changing the exit pupil diameter of the optical system. Specifically, the zoom group L2 is composed of a series of lenses, each lens being mounted on a mechanical structure and being controlled by a cam to move along the optical axis in a direction away from the object plane, so that the focal length is continuously increased, i.e., the diameter of the exit pupil is continuously increased. The front and rear surfaces of the lens used in the zoom group L2 are spherical and are plated with anti-reflection films AR.
The compensation group L3 is a positive lens group and is used for compensating image plane movement caused by the zoom group L2 in the moving process, so that the image plane is fixed on an object plane required by the rear fixed group L4, and meanwhile, aberration caused by the front fixed group L1 and the zoom group L2 is compensated. Specifically, the compensation group L3 is composed of a series of lenses, each of which is mounted on a mechanical structure and controlled by a cam, and whose moving direction is the same as that of the zoom group L2 so as not to cause a collision. The front and rear surfaces of the lens used in the compensation group L3 are spherical surfaces and are plated with anti-reflection films AR.
The rear fixed group L4 is a negative lens group, the object plane of the negative lens group coincides with the front focal plane, and the exit pupil coincides with the pupil position of human eyes. The main function of the optical system is to match the aberration with the front fixed group L1, the zoom group L2 and the compensation group L3, balance the aberration of the whole optical system, and ensure that the object plane of the optical system always forms uniform illumination distribution at the exit pupil after passing through the front fixed group L1, the zoom group L2 and the compensation group L3. The front and rear surfaces of the lens used in the rear fixing group L4 are spherical surfaces and are plated with anti-reflection films AR.
The zoom group L2 and the compensation group L3 are in one-to-one correspondence with the positions of lens movement during focal length change, and the movement of the two lens groups must be controlled by complex cams.
The lens moving range of the zooming group L2 and the compensating group L3 is not more than 15% of the length of the whole optical system, the continuous expansion of the exit pupil diameter by 5 times can be realized, and the mechanical structure for moving the lenses is simple and easy to realize.
In the lens moving process, the front focal plane and the back focal plane of the optical system are kept unchanged all the time, so that an object space telecentric light path is realized, and the pupil of a human eye is illuminated with uniform illumination.
The working process of the optical system of the head-mounted display with the adjustable exit pupil comprises the following steps:
the image transferred by the micro-display or the intermediate image formed by the scanning mechanism is imaged on the rear focal plane of the front fixed group L1 with positive focal power, and the image is imaged again after passing through the zoom group L2 and the compensation group L3. In the process of moving the lenses of the zoom group L2 and the compensation group L3, the image plane position always coincides with the front focal plane of the rear fixed group L4, the numerical aperture of each view field point on the image plane is changed along with the change of the focal length, and the continuous adjustment of the exit pupil diameter of the optical system is realized because the focal length of the rear fixed group L4 is unchanged.
The working wave band of the embodiment of the invention is a visible light wave band, the center wavelength lambda=587.56 nm, the image resolution of the selected micro display is 800×600pixels, the pixel size is 12.6um, the maximum field angle of the optical system is 20 degrees×28 degrees, the F/# is 12.5, and the focal length variation range of the optical system is 20 mm-100 mm, so that the exit pupil diameter can be expanded from 2mm to 10mm, and the exit pupil diameter can be continuously adjustable along with the variation of the focal length. The specific structural parameters of this embodiment are:
the optical design light path diagram of this embodiment is shown in FIG. 3, in which
(a) Design parameter focal length f=20 mm exit pupil diameter d=2 mm design light path diagram;
(b) Design parameter focal length f=60 mm exit pupil diameter d=6 mm design light path diagram;
(c) Design parameter focal length f=100 mm exit pupil diameter d=10 mm.
The embodiment adopts the spherical lens surfaces, the application of free-form surface shape and aspheric surface shape in the current optical system is mature enough, and the current design result can be further simplified.
Finally, the real human eye was simulated using a Gullstrand human eye model, and the imaging quality of this embodiment on the human eye retina at different focal lengths was evaluated. Fig. 4 is an aberration curve of an imaging optical system combined with a human eye model according to an embodiment of the present invention. Wherein:
(a) An aberration curve of the imaging optical system when the design parameter focal length f=20mm exit pupil diameter d=2mm;
(b) An aberration curve of the imaging optical system when the design parameter focal length f=60 mm exit pupil diameter d=6 mm;
(c) The design parameter focal length f=100 mm exit pupil diameter d=10 mm.
As can be seen from the figure, in the focal length variation range of the embodiment, the focal plane deviation of the imaging optical system is smaller than 10um on the sagittal plane and the meridian plane, and the distortion in the full view field range is smaller than 3.25%.
FIG. 5 shows a diffuse speckle of an imaging optical system incorporating a model of the human eye according to an embodiment of the present invention. Wherein:
(a) Design parameter focal length f=20 mm exit pupil diameter d=2 mm;
(b) Design parameter focal length f=60 mm exit pupil diameter d=6 mm;
(c) Design parameter focal length f=100 mm exit pupil diameter d=10 mm.
As can be seen from the graph, the RMS value of the speckle of the imaging optical system is less than 10um over the range of variation of the focal length of the embodiment.
FIG. 6 is a transfer function of an imaging optical system incorporating a model of a human eye according to an embodiment of the present invention. Wherein:
(a) Design parameter focal length f=20 mm exit pupil diameter d=2 mm;
(b) Design parameter focal length f=60 mm exit pupil diameter d=6 mm;
(c) Design parameter focal length f=100 mm exit pupil diameter d=10 mm.
As can be seen from the figure, the transfer function of the imaging optical system is greater than 0.66 at a linear resolution of 50lp/mm over the range of embodiment focal lengths. Therefore, the embodiment of the invention can meet the requirements of the optical system of the head-mounted display.
Experiments show that the optical system of the head-mounted display with the adjustable exit pupil has the characteristics of simple structure, high light energy utilization rate, high imaging quality and the like, and can realize continuous adjustment of the diameter of the exit pupil by adopting a mechanical zooming method on the premise of fixing the positions of the micro display and the exit pupil. By adopting the optical system, the head-mounted display optical system can realize the expansion of the exit pupil without a special exit pupil expansion device, and can realize the intelligent adjustment of the exit pupil according to different use environments of the HMD.
The embodiment of the present invention is described only for illustrating the technical scheme of the present invention, and not for limiting the present invention. All technical solutions that can be obtained by logic analysis, reasoning or limited experiments according to the inventive concept by those skilled in the art shall be within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides an exit pupil adjustable wear display optical system which characterized in that this optical system comprises front fixed group, varifocal group, compensation group and back fixed group, and its positional relationship is: the micro display or the intermediate image plane is used as an object plane, and sequentially comprises a front fixed group, a zooming group, a compensating group and a rear fixed group, wherein the front fixed group, the zooming group, the compensating group and the rear fixed group are axially symmetrically arranged relative to an optical axis, the front fixed group and the rear fixed group are always kept unchanged in position in the zooming process of the optical system, and the zooming group and the compensating group move along the optical axis according to respective curves in the zooming process of the optical system; the zooming group and the compensating group keep the front focal plane and the rear focal plane of the optical system fixed in the moving process, so that the front focal plane and the object plane of the optical system coincide, and the rear focal plane and the exit pupil of the optical system coincide;
the image transmitted by the micro display or the intermediate image formed by the scanning mechanism is imaged on the rear focal plane of the front fixed group with positive focal power, and imaged again after passing through the zoom group and the compensation group; in the process of moving the lenses of the zoom group and the compensation group, the position of the image surface always coincides with the front focal plane of the rear fixed group, and the numerical aperture of each view field point on the image surface is changed along with the change of the focal length, so that the continuous adjustable exit pupil diameter of the optical system is realized;
the front fixed group is a positive lens group or a cemented lens adopting a positive lens and negative lens combination, the zoom group is a negative lens group, the compensation group is a positive lens group, and the rear fixed group is a negative lens group.
2. The optical system of the head-mounted display with adjustable exit pupil according to claim 1, wherein the front fixed group uses a micro display or an intermediate image plane as an object plane of the optical system, the image plane of the front fixed group coincides with a back focal plane, the positive focal power lens of the front fixed group is made of crown glass, the negative focal power lens is made of flint glass, chromatic aberration caused by multiple wavelengths is corrected by adopting a lens group with refractive index difference, and front and rear surfaces of lenses used in the front fixed group are spherical and are plated with anti-reflection films AR.
3. The optical system of claim 1, wherein each lens of the zoom group is mounted on a mechanical structure and controlled by a cam, and front and rear surfaces of the lens used in the zoom group are spherical and coated with an antireflection film AR.
4. The optical system of claim 1, wherein each lens of the compensation group is mounted on a mechanical structure and controlled by a cam, and front and rear surfaces of the lens used in the compensation group are spherical and coated with an antireflection film AR.
5. The optical system of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the object plane of the rear fixed group coincides with the front focal plane, the exit pupil coincides with the pupil position of the human eye, and the front and rear surfaces of the lens used in the rear fixed group are spherical surfaces and are coated with anti-reflection films AR.
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| FI128248B (en) | 2017-06-02 | 2020-01-31 | Dispelix Oy | Eyepiece for a personal display and personal display comprising such eyepiece |
| WO2019006684A1 (en) * | 2017-07-04 | 2019-01-10 | 苏州耐德佳天成光电科技有限公司 | Projection objective applicable to image source of scanning galvanometer, and display device using same |
| CN114761855A (en) * | 2019-11-18 | 2022-07-15 | 株式会社理光 | Projection lens system and image projection apparatus |
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