CN101900872A - Two-piece free-form surface head mounted display optical system - Google Patents
Two-piece free-form surface head mounted display optical system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a two-piece free-form surface head mounted display optical system, and belongs to the field of optical system designs. The system comprises a microdisplay, a free-from surface prism with three optical surfaces and a free-form surface lens with two optical surfaces. Two of the three optical surfaces of the free-form surface prism in the two-piece free-form surface head mounted display optical system of the invention are free-form surfaces; the top surface of the prism, namely the third surface of the prism is a plane; and in a processing process, the top surface can serve as a base surface so as to reduce the difficulty in positioning the free-form surface and reduce processing cost. In the system, a free-form surface lens is added; the two optical surfaces of the free-form surface lens are respectively a free-form surface and a plane, so the processing difficulty is low; moreover, the surface shape parameters, the thickness, the eccentricity and a dip angle of the free-form surface lens can serve as optimization variables; and more optimization variables are more contributive to correcting a system aberration, so that a greater exit pupil diameter can be realized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of optical system, especially two-piece free-form surface head mounted display optical system belongs to the design of Optical System field, can be widely used in military affairs, industry, medical treatment, amusement, virtual reality and the augmented reality field.
Background technology
Along with science and technology development, opto-electronics is also more and more higher to the performance requirement of optical system.The modern optical electric system just develops towards miniaturization, high-performance direction, thereby requires corresponding optical system to realize higher image quality than compact structure.Head mounted display is a kind of typical modern photoelectric display system, all has huge using value and market in fields such as multimedia recreation, military affairs, industry, medical treatment and virtual reality and augmented realities.To the requirement of head mounted display be that comfortable wearing, compact conformation, volume are little, high imaging quality and big as far as possible visual field.
The optical system structure of head mounted display has experienced the evolution from traditional coaxial lens type goggle structure to free curved surface prism formula structure.The coaxial lens type version of tradition is difficult to resolution system to the requirement of field angle, distance of exit pupil and the contradiction between the miniaturization and, for realizing big visual field and big exit pupil diameter, usually need to adopt the multi-disc lens, also adopted diffraction/holographic optical elements (HOE) in some scheme, not only cause the increase of system's production cost, the more important thing is that the size and the weight of the coaxial lens type structural system of head mounted display tradition are all bigger, are not easy to the wearer and use.In order to satisfy the optical system requirement of people to head mounted display, many head mounted displays all adopt free curved surface prism formula optical system, can obtain big field angle and big distance of exit pupil, also can satisfy the other technologies index.
Free form surface in the optical system typically refers to the curved surface that can't represent with sphere or asphericity coefficient, mainly refers to non-traditional arbitrarily, asymmetrical curved surface, or can only be with the loud curved surface of representing of parameter.Adopt free curved surface prism head mounted display optical system, optical axis is in the prism folded inside, effectively reduced system dimension, the aberration that utilizes the free form surface corrective system to produce from axle simultaneously owing to light path, have very compact structure and picture element preferably, and can utilize Shooting Technique to make element, therefore with low cost have a very high cost performance.
The benefit of in the optical system of head mounted display, bringing in view of free form surface, existing a lot of enterprises have released free curved surface prism head mounted display product and have applied for relevant patent, application number is that 200810167800.7 Chinese patent application discloses a kind of " light and small-sized big angular field free curved surface prism helmet display optical system ", the structure that the one chip free curved surface prism has been adopted in this patented claim as shown in Figure 1, the free curved surface prism helmet display optical system comprises a free curved surface prism and a miniature image display with three optical surfaces, three optical surfaces of described free prism are free form surface, 11 is emergent pupil, it is plane, human eye pupil place, (being miniscope) direction from observer's side to image source, be followed successively by prism first surface 12, prism second surface 13 and prism the 3rd surface 14, wherein prism first surface 12 is the transmission plane of concave with respect to observer's side; Prism second surface 13 is the reflecting surface of concave with respect to observer's side, plays enlarged image, and the outside is coated with reflective coating; Prism the 3rd surface 14 is the transmission plane of concave with respect to observer's side.The actual light path of this optical system is that liquid crystal micro display device 15 emits beam, earlier through the 3rd surperficial 14 transmission freedom of entry curved surface prisms, on prism first surface 12 inboards total reflection takes place then, through 12 reflections of prism second surface, be transmitted through human eye through prism first surface 12 once more at last, owing to adopt the reverse optical path design, light path is then oppositely described, light is from 11s, plane, human eye pupil place, by 12 transmissions of free curved surface prism first surface, via 13 reflections of prism second surface, reflex to again on the prism first surface 12, and, transmit and finally arrive miniscope 15 via prism the 3rd surface 14 at last in this inner side surface generation total reflection.Three optical surfaces of this structure prism all are free form surfaces, and big inclination and off-centre are all arranged separately, adding very difficult assurance accurate positioning in man-hour, can have a strong impact on machining precision.In addition, the design exit pupil diameter is 10mm, and is smaller.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of two-piece free-form surface head mounted display optical system, to solve the existing problem that the head mounted display exit pupil diameter is little, difficulty of processing is big.
For achieving the above object, the chip free-form surface head mounted display optical system that the present invention is two, comprise a miniscope, free curved surface prism and with three optical surfaces has the free-form surface lens of two optical surfaces, described free curved surface prism comprises the prism first surface, prism second surface and prism the 3rd surface, this prism the 3rd surface is the plane transmission face, the corresponding free-form surface lens with two optical surfaces that is provided with prism the 3rd surface, the lens first surface of described free-form surface lens is the transmission plane of convex shape, the transmission first surface of free-form surface lens and prism the 3rd surface are oppositely arranged, described lens second surface is the plane transmission face, and fitting with miniscope is provided with.
Further, described lens second surface and miniscope bonding are used for debuging as an integral body.
Further, the center of exit pupil position is made as the system coordinates initial point, the YOZ plane is a paper, the Z axle horizontal to the right, Y-axis in paper perpendicular to Z axially on, X-axis constitutes right-handed coordinate system perpendicular to paper inwards; Described prism first surface, prism second surface and lens first surface satisfy following capable equation (1)～(3) one of them:
C wherein
xBe the radius-of-curvature of x direction in the curved surface xz plane, C
yBe the radius-of-curvature of curved surface y direction in the yz plane, K
xBe the whose conic coefficient of curved surface x direction, K
yBe the whose conic coefficient of curved surface y direction, A
iBe 4,6,8,10 ... 2n rank asphericity coefficient is about z axle rotation symmetry, P
iBe 4,6,8,10 ... the non-rotating symmetry coefficient in 2n rank;
Wherein
CBe the curvature of curved surface radius,
c j Be multinomial coefficient;
Wherein
cBe radius-of-curvature,
kBe the quadric surface coefficient,
A,
B,
C,
DBe respectively 4,6,8,10 rank asphericity coefficients.
Further, equation (4)～(6) that should satisfy condition between three of described prism optical surfaces:
（6）
And satisfy
(7)
(4)～(7) in the formula
yWith
zThe coordinate figure of representing arbitrfary point on the curved surface under the global coordinate system respectively, subscript are represented the different intersection points of light and free curved surface prism and thin lens.
Further, incident angle satisfied relational expression (8) when Y direction maximum field of view coboundary light and prism second surface intersected for twice,
Wherein θ is the incident angle of Y direction maximum field of view coboundary light when inciding the prism second surface for the second time, in the formula
nRefractive index for the prism transparent material.
Further, described free curved surface prism and free-form surface lens material are refractive index greater than 1 transparent optical material.
Further, described miniscope is 0.61 or 0.59 inch OLED or a LCD display.
Having only two faces in three of free curved surface prism optical surfaces in the two-piece free-form surface head mounted display optical system of the present invention is free form surface, the prism end face is that prism the 3rd surface is the plane, can be in process with end face as basal plane, reduced the difficulty of free form surface location, thereby cut down finished cost.The present invention has increased free-form surface lens, two optical surfaces of this free-form surface lens are respectively free form surface and plane, difficulty of processing is lower, and face shape parameter, thickness, off-centre and the inclination angle of free-form surface lens can be as optimization variable, more optimization variable is arranged, more help the correction of system aberration, can realize bigger exit pupil diameter.
In the Installation and Debugging of optical system of the present invention, because the lens second surface of free-form surface lens is the plane, can overlap with the miniscope surface, and utilize bonding or other modes that lens and miniscope are connected as one to become parts, therefore, though compare with existing product, the present invention has increased a slice free-form surface lens, not the difficulty of increase system assembling.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is existing free-form surface head mounted formula display optical system structural drawing;
Fig. 2 is an optical system structure synoptic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is an optical system light path synoptic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the invention process csr optical system distortion grid figure.
Embodiment
The system architecture of two-piece free-form surface head mounted display optical system embodiment of the present invention as shown in Figure 2, comprise a miniscope, free curved surface prism and a free-form surface lens with two optical surfaces with three optical surfaces, the plane at emergent pupil (being the human eye pupil) place is plane 1, (being miniscope) direction from observer to the image source, be followed successively by prism first surface 2, prism second surface 3, prism the 3rd surface 4, lens first surface 5 and lens second surface 6, prism first surface 2 is the transmission plane of concave, prism second surface 3 is the reflecting surface of concave, this face outside is coated with reflectance coating, prism the 3rd surface 4 is the plane transmission face, lens first surface 5 is the transmission plane of convex shape, lens second surface 6 is the plane transmission face, this face and miniscope face are fitted by the mode of bonding, so that integral body is debug; The actual light path of optical system as shown in Figure 3, the light that miniscope (that is to say image source) sends, earlier through after lens second surface 6 transmissions of free-form surface lens through 5 outgoing of lens first surface, pass through prism the 3rd surperficial 4 transmission freedom of entry curved surface prisms of free curved surface prism then, total reflection takes place on prism first surface 2 inboards of free curved surface prism, through 3 reflections of prism second surface, be transmitted through human eye through prism first surface 2 once more at last then.The present invention adopts the reverse optical path design, light path is then oppositely described, light path is from the 1, plane at human eye pupil place, by 2 transmissions of free curved surface prism first surface, through 3 reflections of prism second surface, reflex to again on the prism first surface 2, and in this inner side surface generation total reflection, via the lens first surface 5 of prism the 3rd surperficial 4 transmission freedom of entry toroidal lenss, 6 outgoing arrive miniscope through the lens second surface again.Wherein, free curved surface prism and free-form surface lens material are refractive index greater than 1 transparent optical material.
System coordinates is defined as follows: the center of emergent pupil (being the human eye pupil) position is made as the system coordinates initial point, and the YOZ plane is a paper, the Z axle horizontal to the right, Y-axis in paper perpendicular to Z axially on, X-axis constitutes right-handed coordinate system perpendicular to paper inwards; This optical system prism first surface, prism second surface and lens first surface satisfy following capable equation (1)～(3) one of them:
C wherein
xBe the radius-of-curvature of x direction in the curved surface xz plane, C
yBe the radius-of-curvature of curved surface y direction in the yz plane, K
xBe the whose conic coefficient of curved surface x direction, K
yBe the whose conic coefficient of curved surface y direction, A
iBe 4,6,8,10 ... 2n rank asphericity coefficient is about z axle rotation symmetry, P
iBe 4,6,8,10 ... the non-rotating symmetry coefficient in 2n rank;
Wherein
CBe the curvature of curved surface radius,
c j Be multinomial coefficient;
Wherein
cBe radius-of-curvature,
kBe the quadric surface coefficient,
A,
B,
C,
DBe respectively 4,6,8,10 rank asphericity coefficients.
Equation (4)～(6) should satisfy condition between three optical surfaces of prism:
And satisfy
(7)
(4)～(7) in the formula
yWith
zThe coordinate figure of representing arbitrfary point on the curved surface under the global coordinate system respectively, subscript are represented the different intersection points of light and free curved surface prism and thin lens.As shown in Figure 2,
R u Be Y direction maximum field of view marginal ray,
R b Be the minimum visual field of Y direction lower limb light;
P a For
R b Intersection point during with 2 transmissions of prism first surface,
P a ' For
R b With the intersection point of prism second surface 3,
P a ' ' For
R b With the intersection point of prism first surface 2 reflex times,
P b For
R u With the intersection point of prism second surface 3,
P b ' For
R b Intersection point with prism the 3rd surface 4;
P c For
R u With the intersection point of prism first surface 2 reflex times,
P c ' For
R u Intersection point during with surperficial 4 transmissions of prism the 3rd.
P d Be light
R b At the intersection point of free-form surface lens first surface 5,
P d ' Be light
R b Intersection point with free-form surface lens second surface 6.
Incident angle satisfied relational expression (8) when Y direction maximum field of view coboundary light and prism second surface intersected for twice,
Wherein θ is the incident angle of Y direction maximum field of view coboundary light when inciding the prism second surface for the second time, in the formula
nRefractive index for the prism transparent material.
Optical system embodiment of the present invention has following optical characteristics:
1. the catercorner length of miniscope is 0.61 inch, and resolution is 800 * 600, and optical system imaging is when the infinite distance, and diagonal field of view is 40 degree, and the optical system focal length is 18mm, exit pupil diameter 10mm, and minimum angular resolution is 0.76 milliradian;
2. miniscope and free-form surface lens scioptics second surface 6 gummeds are for whole, air line distance between they and the free curved surface prism is about 4mm, free curved surface prism first surface 2 is that the distance of exit pupil of optical system is 30mm to the air line distance between the emergent pupil 1, and the physical size of free curved surface prism is about 30 * 30 * 15mm
3(length and width, thick), weight are less than 12g, and the free-form surface lens physical size is about 13 * 11 * 4mm
3(length and width, thick), weight is less than 1.5g;
3. for making the user see the clear obviously picture of distortion that do not have, need aberration and distortion be controlled, the distortion of present embodiment optical system is not more than 5%;
4. greater than 0.3, greater than 0.1, distortion curve as shown in Figure 4 at the 30lp/mm place for visual field, edge transfer function values at the 30lp/mm place for the transfer function values of visual field, optical system center.
Table 1 is an embodiment of the invention optical system parameter tables of data, the catercorner length of miniscope 6 is 0.61 inch in the present embodiment, resolution is 800 * 600, optical system imaging is when the infinite distance, diagonal field of view is 40 degree, the optical system focal length is 18mm, exit pupil diameter 10mm, and minimum angular resolution is 0.76 milliradian.
Claims (7)
1. two-piece free-form surface head mounted display optical system, comprise a miniscope and free curved surface prism with three optical surfaces, this free curved surface prism comprises the prism first surface, prism second surface and prism the 3rd surface, it is characterized in that: described prism the 3rd surface is the plane transmission face, the corresponding free-form surface lens with two optical surfaces that is provided with prism the 3rd surface, the lens first surface of this free-form surface lens is the transmission plane of convex shape, described lens second surface is the plane transmission face, and this prism second surface and miniscope are fitted and be provided with.
2. two-piece free-form surface head mounted display optical system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described lens second surface and miniscope bonding are used for debuging as an integral body.
3. two-piece free-form surface head mounted display optical system according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: the center of exit pupil position is made as the system coordinates initial point, the YOZ plane is a paper, the Z axle horizontal to the right, Y-axis in paper perpendicular to Z axially on, X-axis constitutes right-handed coordinate system perpendicular to paper inwards; Described prism first surface, prism second surface and lens first surface satisfy following capable equation (1)～(3) one of them:
C wherein
xBe the radius-of-curvature of x direction in the curved surface xz plane, C
yBe the radius-of-curvature of curved surface y direction in the yz plane, K
xBe the whose conic coefficient of curved surface x direction, K
yBe the whose conic coefficient of curved surface y direction, A
iBe 4,6,8,10 ... 2n rank asphericity coefficient is about z axle rotation symmetry, P
iBe 4,6,8,10 ... the non-rotating symmetry coefficient in 2n rank;
（2）
Wherein
CBe the curvature of curved surface radius,
c j Be multinomial coefficient;
Wherein
cBe radius-of-curvature,
kBe the quadric surface coefficient,
A,
B,
C,
DBe respectively 4,6,8,10 rank asphericity coefficients.
4. two-piece free-form surface head mounted display optical system according to claim 3 is characterized in that: equation (4)～(6) should satisfy condition between three optical surfaces of described prism:
（5）
And satisfy
(7)
(4)～(7) in the formula
yWith
zThe coordinate figure of representing arbitrfary point on the curved surface under the global coordinate system respectively, subscript are represented the different intersection points of light and free curved surface prism and thin lens.
5. two-piece free-form surface head mounted display optical system according to claim 4 is characterized in that: incident angle satisfied relational expression (8) when Y direction maximum field of view coboundary light and prism second surface intersected for twice,
Wherein θ is that (incident angle when inciding the prism second surface is in the formula for the second time for Y direction maximum field of view coboundary light
nRefractive index for the prism transparent material.
6. two-piece free-form surface head mounted display optical system according to claim 5 is characterized in that: described free curved surface prism and free-form surface lens material are refractive index greater than 1 transparent optical material.
7. two-piece free-form surface head mounted display optical system according to claim 6 is characterized in that: described miniscope is 0.61 or 0.59 inch OLED or a LCD display.
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| CN102540465A (en) * | 2011-12-09 | 2012-07-04 | 中航华东光电有限公司 | Optical system of helmet displayer |
| CN104714299A (en) * | 2015-03-28 | 2015-06-17 | 嘉兴市亮点光学仪器有限公司 | Aspherical lens and design method thereof |
| CN105334608A (en) * | 2015-12-05 | 2016-02-17 | 中国航空工业集团公司洛阳电光设备研究所 | Prism optical system |
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