CN106772778A - Thermic super large mould field optical fiber - Google Patents
Thermic super large mould field optical fiber Download PDFInfo
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- CN106772778A CN106772778A CN201611153286.2A CN201611153286A CN106772778A CN 106772778 A CN106772778 A CN 106772778A CN 201611153286 A CN201611153286 A CN 201611153286A CN 106772778 A CN106772778 A CN 106772778A
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- fibre core
- optical fiber
- inner cladding
- refractive index
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02004—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating characterised by the core effective area or mode field radius
- G02B6/02009—Large effective area or mode field radius, e.g. to reduce nonlinear effects in single mode fibres
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/036—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating core or cladding comprising multiple layers
- G02B6/03605—Highest refractive index not on central axis
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of thermic super large mould field optical fiber, it is therefore an objective to solve the problems, such as that the reduction of fibre core numerical aperture is limited and the big problem of manufacture difficulty.Thermic super large mould field optical fiber is made up of fibre core and covering, and the refractive index of core material increases with the increase of temperature;Fibre core includes interior fibre core and outer fibre core, and interior fibre core is located at the center of outer fibre core, the refractive index of the refractive index less than or equal to outer fibre core of interior fibre core;Mixed with gain media in interior fibre core;Gain media is free of in outer fibre core;Interior core diameter is more than or equal to 20 microns, and interior core diameter is less than or equal to 50% with the ratio of outer core diameter;Gain media, including inner cladding and surrounding layer are free of in covering;Surrounding layer wraps up inner cladding, and inner cladding wraps up outer fibre core;Refractive index of the refractive index of inner cladding less than outer fibre core;Refractive index of the refractive index of surrounding layer less than inner cladding.Fibre core numerical aperture is further reduced in of the invention, manufacture difficulty reduction, and is alleviated cladding light and filtered pressure.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of laser device technology.More particularly to one kind realizes waveguiding structure based on fuel factor, and can be real
The output of existing super large mould field laser, the simple Active Optical Fiber of manufacture craft.
Background technology
The features such as optical fiber laser has light weight, compact conformation, long lifespan, good beam quality, strong antijamming capability,
The fields such as communication, sensing, machining, medical treatment, scientific research and national defense and military have a wide range of applications.In particular with recent years
Optical fiber laser power level is developed rapidly, and the range of application of optical fiber laser is also constantly being expanded, concerned degree
More and more higher.Although the power level of optical fiber laser has the development advanced by leaps and bounds, 10kW magnitudes have been reached.But, it is single
Further lifting is still to be limited by nonlinear effect the power level of optical fiber laser, and super large mould field optical fiber is to alleviate this
The effective way of one power limit.
Super large mould field optical fiber is to refer to support super large mould field light field (usually, mode field diameter should be greater than being equal to 30 microns)
The optical fiber of transmission, optical fiber laser is used for frequently as doped gain fiber, to produce the laser light field with super large mould field.Super large
Mould field optical fiber is the nonlinear effect threshold value by increasing the mode field diameter or area of light field to lift in optical fiber laser, from
And realize the suppression of nonlinear effect.It is critical only that how while mode field area is increased for super large mould field optical fiber, is reduced defeated
Go out the pattern quantity of light field, so as to ensure the beam quality of output light field.Why this is crucial, because increasing mould field face
Product, it is necessary to increase the diameter of fiber core, and the normalized frequency that the increase of core diameter will increase fibre core (is proportional to fibre
The product of core diameter and numerical aperture, normalized frequency is bigger, and the pattern of light field transmission is more in fibre core), this can cause output
The increase of light field pattern quantity, influences the beam quality of light field.At this stage, realize that super large mould field optical fiber mainly there are two schemes.
One is the numerical aperture for reducing fibre core, that is, reduces the refringence between fibre core and covering, so as to ensure normalization frequency
On the premise of rate or pattern quantity meet requirement, increase core diameter, so as to realize the increase of mode field area.But, by technique
Limited, the numerical aperture of fibre core can not be reduced infinitely, the minimum numerical aperture realized at this stage is 0.028, and corresponding fibre core is straight
Footpath is about 30~40 microns.Another scheme is to introduce micro-structural (such as in a fiber:The micron dimension aperture of periodic arrangement), with
Increase the loss of higher order mode or the gain of low step mode, so as to realize the control of output light field pattern.Based on this scheme reality
Existing super large mould field optical fiber species is more, such as leakage channel optical fiber, chiral doped core optical fiber, large-spacing photonic crystal fiber, profit
Using this scheme, mode field diameter can increase to 50~100 microns.But, the fibre-optical microstructure design comparison of this scheme is answered
Miscellaneous, complex manufacturing technology is that the engineering production of optical fiber brings difficulty.
The content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is that the reduction of fibre core numerical aperture is limited in solving the problems, such as the first scheme,
On the premise of not introducing micro-structural, increase the core diameter of optical fiber, so as to cause because introducing micro-structural in solving second scheme
The big problem of manufacture difficulty.
To solve the technical problem, new super large mould field optical fiber disclosed by the invention is a kind of based on fuel factor generation ripple
The super large mould field optical fiber of guide structure, the optical fiber is made up of fibre core and covering.It is required that the refractive index of the core material of the optical fiber with
The increase of temperature and increase.
Fibre core includes interior fibre core and outer fibre core, and interior fibre core and outer fibre core are all circle, and interior fibre core is located in outer fibre core
The heart, refractive index (preferably, the difference of interior fiber core refractive index and outer fiber core refractive index of the refractive index of interior fibre core less than or equal to outer fibre core
Little Yu not 0.0001).Mixed with gain media in interior fibre core, gain media is to refer to produce light field and can realize that light field is excited
The particle or element of amplification, such as:Erbium, ytterbium, thulium, holmium, praseodymium, rubidium, bismuth, it is desirable to which gain media can be by absorptive pumping light, in spy
Population inversion is realized between fixed two energy levels, and it is sharp to utilize induced transition process of the particle between the two energy levels to produce
Light, while laser is produced, can produce heat based on Excited state effect.Gain media is free of in outer fibre core.Interior fibre core
Diameter should be greater than being equal to 20 microns (preferably, should be greater than being equal to 30 microns), and interior core diameter should with the ratio of outer core diameter
Less than or equal to 50%.It is noted herein that, interior fibre core is bigger, interior core diameter is smaller with the ratio of outer core diameter, outward
The diameter of fibre core is bigger, and accordingly, the diameter of final optical fiber entirety cross section is also bigger.Therefore, interior core diameter and interior fibre
The two parameters can be chosen core diameter under conditions of drawing process permission with the ratio of outer core diameter.
Gain media, including inner cladding and surrounding layer are free of in covering.Surrounding layer wraps up inner cladding, and inner cladding parcel is outer fine
Core.Refractive index of the refractive index of inner cladding less than outer fibre core, it is preferable that outer fibre core (is equal to relative to the numerical aperture of inner cladding
The square root of the refractive index of outer fibre core and the difference of two squares of inner cladding refractive index) it is less than or equal to 0.2.The refractive index of surrounding layer is less than in
The refractive index of covering, it is preferable that the numerical aperture (refractive index and cladding refractive index of inner cladding of the inner cladding relative to surrounding layer
The difference of two squares square root) should be greater than be equal to 0.2.Inner cladding is used for the transmission of pump light, and inner cladding cross-sectional can be circular, D
Type, regular polygon, in order to promote interior fibre core for the absorption of pump light, preferably known D types structure is (such as:Document
" Optimized absorption in a chaotic double-clad fiber amplifier " (chaos double clad light
The absorption optimization of fiber amplifier), author:Val é rie Doya, Olivier Legrand and Fabrice Mortessagne, go out
Place:Optics Letters, 2001,26 (12), 872-874)) Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and the second segment of page 873 on " D-
The description of shaped inner cladding " (D types inner cladding)) or regular polygon (preferably, regular hexagon, octagon)
Structure.
Alternatively, super large mould field optical fiber disclosed in this invention also can be in surrounding layer using profile pump coupled structure
Add the multimode fibre of K and inner cladding optical contact as pumping transmission line, K should be and be less than or equal to [π (1+R1/r1)]
Natural number, wherein, R1For inner cladding diameter (is round diameter if inner cladding cross-sectional is circle;If inner cladding cross-sectional
It is D types or regular polygon, then is D types or regular polygon circumscribed circle diameter), r1It is the minimum core diameter of multimode fibre, pumping
The process that light is transmitted in multimode fibre, is coupled in inner cladding by optical contact (such as evanescent wave coupling), and fine in pumping
Gain media in core, so as to produce laser.Concrete structure can be used but be not limited to side disclosed in patent 2011102505933
Multi fiber combining structure (the Multi-Fiber of pumping optical fiber structure or United States Patent (USP) US7660034 and US7221822
Arrangement)。
Principle of the invention is to produce waveguiding structure using the fuel factor in interior fibre core, so as to break numerical value in existing scheme
The limitation in aperture, realizes the light field transmission of super large mode field area.Concrete principle is:Due in interior fibre core mixed with gain media, it is interior
After gain media absorptive pumping light in fibre core, while laser is produced, because known Excited state is (with absorptive pumping light
The increase of energy and increase) presence, can also produce heat (referred to as heat load).So that the temperature of interior fibre core is more than outer fibre
The temperature of core and interior surrounding layer (because being free of gain media in outer fibre core and interior surrounding layer, would not also produce heat, therefore its
Temperature should be determined by ambient temperature), this causes that temperature outwards spreads from interior fibre core via outer fibre core and interior surrounding layer, so that
Generate the heat distribution that temperature is gradually reduced from interior core centre to surrounding layer.Due to fiber optic materials refractive index with temperature liter
High and increase, the high temperature of interior fibre core will cause that the refractive index of interior fibre core is higher than the refractive index of outer fibre core, new so as to form
Waveguiding structure (referred to as thermic waveguiding structure).Therefore, even if the optical fiber is not at no heat load (producing laser), interior fibre core
Refractive index less than the refractive index of outer fibre core, (in now light field cannot being constrained in into interior fibre core, also referred to as anti-waveguiding structure is shown in figure
1);When the optical fiber is used to produce laser, the thermic waveguiding structure that the heat load in interior fibre core is produced can equally cause interior fibre
The refractive index of core is more than the refractive index (see Fig. 2) of outer fibre core, so as to be transmitted during the laser of generation is constrained in into interior fibre core.Due to this
Caused by kind of waveguiding structure is the heat load produced by gain media in interior fibre core, and the heat load is relevant with Pumping light absorption,
Therefore, it can by adjust Pumping light absorption (can using but be not limited to change pumping light power) come adjust the heat in interior fibre core bear
Carry, and then adjust thermic waveguiding structure (including refringence of interior fibre core and outer fibre core);Due to not having during temperature rise, interior fibre core
Refractive index is less than or equal to the refractive index of outer fibre core, therefore, using the principle, it is possible to achieve arbitrarily small interior fibre core numerical aperture
(being defined as the square root of interior fibre core mean refractive index and the difference of two squares of surrounding layer mean refractive index, see Fig. 2), it is existing so as to break
There is scheme for the limitation of fibre core numerical aperture, core diameter is further lifted, realize the laser with super large mould field
Output.
Technique effect of the invention:
1st, waveguiding structure (i.e. thermic waveguiding structure) is produced using fuel factor, has been broken in existing scheme for fibre core numerical value
The limitation in aperture so that interior fibre core numerical aperture is further reduced;It is real so as to while control model quantity
The expansion and the output of super large mould field laser of existing light field mode field diameter.
2nd, outer fibre core reduces the manufacture difficulty of the optical fiber.If because being added without surrounding layer, to realize thermic ripple
Guide structure is accomplished by the refractive index of the refractive index less than inner cladding of interior fibre core (because if without outer fibre core, interior fibre core will be by interior
Covering is wrapped up), this equally exists the limited problem of the refractive index reduction faced in existing scheme.By outer fibre core in the present invention
Structure design, improves the refractive index benchmark of interior fibre core, so that can just meet requirement of the invention without too low refractive index,
So as to reduce the manufacture difficulty of optical fiber.
3rd, another effect for introducing outer fibre core is to alleviate cladding light to filter pressure.In optical fiber laser, in order to eliminate
Remnant pump light for signal light output influence, it is necessary to before signal light output filtering pump light.Because pump light is in light
Transmitted in fine inner cladding, therefore pump light filters by filtering cladding light to realize.For heat disclosed in this invention
For cause super large mould field optical fiber, when pump light is weaker, when the pump light of absorption is less, because the heat that Excited state is produced just compares
Less, during this can cause thermic waveguiding structure to be not enough to for signal light field to constrain in interior fibre core, now, signal light field will be inside
Fibre core external diffusion.If without outer fibre core, the signal light field of these diffusions will enter into inner cladding, when cladding light is filtered,
Can be filtered out together with pump light.Its result not only have impact on the transmission of signal light field, also add the light field power for filtering, filter
Increase except the increase of power can cause the temperature rise that cladding light leaches position, so as to increased the heat management pressure that cladding light filters position
Power.And the introducing of outer fibre core, for the signal light field of diffusion provides independent transmission channel, this not only eliminates cladding light and filters
For the influence of signal optical transport, also cause that (i.e. cladding light is filtered for object that this part signal light do not filtered in referred to as cladding light
What is mainly filtered is pump light), alleviate the pressure that cladding light is filtered.
4th, super large mould field optical fiber disclosed in this invention does not use micro-structural, this reduces the manufacture difficulty of optical fiber.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the cross-sectional structure schematic diagram of thermic super large mould field optical fiber of the present invention when not having heat load.
Fig. 2 is a kind of possible cross-sectional structure schematic diagram of thermic super large mould field optical fiber of the present invention when there is heat load.
Fig. 3 is the cross-sectional structure schematic diagram of thermic super large mould field optical fiber embodiments one of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the cross-sectional structure schematic diagram of thermic super large mould field optical fiber embodiments two of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Fig. 1 is that when not having heat load, the cross-sectional structure schematic diagram of thermic super large mould field optical fiber of the present invention, arrow represents folding
The positive direction of rate n is penetrated, right side solid line represents index distribution.Optical fiber includes fibre core 10 and covering 20.The refraction of the material of fibre core 10
Rate increases with the increase of temperature.
Fibre core 10 includes interior fibre core 11 and outer fibre core 12, and the cross section of interior fibre core 11 and outer fibre core 12 is all circle, and interior
Fibre core 11 is located at the center of outer fibre core 12, refractive index (preferably, the interior fibre of the refractive index less than or equal to outer fibre core 12 of interior fibre core 11
0.0001) refractive index of core 11 should be less than with the difference of the refractive index of outer fibre core 12.Mixed with gain media in interior fibre core 11, outer fibre
Gain media is free of in core 12.Interior fibre core 11 should be less than 50% with the diameter ratio of outer fibre core 12, and interior core diameter should be greater than
In 20 microns (preferably, should be greater than being equal to 30 microns).
Gain media, including inner cladding 21 and surrounding layer 22 are free of in covering 20.Surrounding layer 22 wraps up inner cladding 21, interior bag
The outer fibre core 12 of the parcel of layer 21.The refractive index of inner cladding 21 should be less than the refractive index of outer fibre core 12, it is preferable that outer fibre core 12 relative to
The numerical aperture of inner cladding 21 should be less than being equal to 0.2.The refractive index of surrounding layer 22 should be less than the refractive index of inner cladding 21, preferably
Ground, inner cladding 21 should be greater than being equal to 0.2 relative to the numerical aperture of surrounding layer 22.Inner cladding 21 is used for the transmission of pump light, is
In promoting fibre core 11 for pump light absorption, inner cladding 21 preferred D types structure or regular polygon (preferably, regular hexagon,
Octagon) structure.
Fig. 2 is a kind of possible cross-sectional structure schematic diagram of thermic super large mould field optical fiber of the present invention, arrow when there is heat load
Head represents the positive direction of refractive index n, and right side solid line represents index distribution.As described in preceding principle, the gain media of interior fibre core 11
During laser is produced, because Excited state effect produces heat, the result of thermal diffusion can cause temperature by interior fibre core 11
The outside monotonic decreasing in center.Because the refractive index of fibre core 10 is raised with the rising of temperature, the high temperature of interior fibre core 11 will
So that refractive index of the refractive index of interior fibre core 11 higher than outer fibre core 12, so as to form thermic waveguiding structure.Covering is assumed in Fig. 2
20 refractive index is also to be raised with the rising of temperature, therefore, the refractive index of inner cladding 21 and surrounding layer 22 is passed from inside to outside
Subtract.But, because inner cladding 21 is larger relative to the numerical aperture of surrounding layer 22, the influence of thermic variations in refractive index is by comparison
Can ignore, therefore the thermic variations in refractive index of the material of covering 20 will not produce influence to effect of the invention.
Additionally, as long as application claims gain media can produce laser and heat, specific particle or element are to this
The effect of invention (i.e. the generation of thermic waveguiding structure) influence is little.Meanwhile, inner cladding, the diameter of surrounding layer can only influence
To the coupling and transmission of pump light, in the range of technique license, pump light source can be combined to influential effect of the invention less
Characterisitic parameter flexibly set, therefore, index of correlation need not be given in the embodiment that table 1 is given.Meanwhile, interior bag in table 1
Layer is 0.46 relative to the maximum that the numerical aperture of surrounding layer is given, and this is mostly in reference to conventional outsourcing layer at this stage
Refractive index, if inner cladding is more than 0.46 relative to the numerical aperture of surrounding layer, still meets requirement of the invention, to of the invention
Effect does not influence.
Embodiment one
Fig. 3 gives one embodiment of the present of invention (the 37th embodiment of corresponding table 1), and arrow represents refractive index n's
Positive direction, right side solid line represents index distribution.11 a diameter of 30 microns of the interior fibre core that the embodiment is selected, mixes in interior fibre core 11
Some gain medias are erbium ion and ytterbium ion, 12 a diameter of 150 microns of outer fibre core, the refractive index of outer fibre core 12 and interior fibre core 11
Refractive index it is equal.Inner cladding 21 uses regular hexagon structure, and inscribed circle diameter is 400 microns, and outer fibre core 12 is relative to interior
The numerical aperture of covering 21 is 0.1.Surrounding layer 22 is circle, and inner cladding 21 is 0.46 relative to the numerical aperture of surrounding layer 22.
The 864 kinds of embodiments be given in table 1 can all reach Expected Results of the invention, i.e., using thermic waveguiding structure reality
The laser output of existing super large mould field.
Embodiment two
Fig. 4 gives another embodiment (the 527th embodiment of corresponding table 1) of the invention, what the embodiment was selected
11 a diameter of 50 microns of interior fibre core, in interior fibre core 11 mixed with gain media be ytterbium ion, 12 a diameter of 125 microns of outer fibre core,
The refractive index of outer fibre core 12 is less than the refractive index of interior fibre core 11, and both differences are 0.00005.Inner cladding 21 uses octagon
Structure, and inscribed circle diameter is 250 microns, inner cladding 21 is 0.15 relative to the numerical aperture of outer fibre core 12.In surrounding layer 22
Inside include a root multimode fiber 23, the fibre core of multimode fibre 23 is circle, a diameter of 250 microns, and with the optical contact of inner cladding 21.
Surrounding layer 22 is circle, and inner cladding 21 is 0.35 relative to the numerical aperture of surrounding layer 22.
In the surrounding layer that table 1 provides example structure, the multimode fibre of K roots fibre core and inner cladding optical contact is added,
Also can reach Expected Results.
The embodiment of table 1 collects
Claims (11)
1. a kind of thermic super large mould field optical fiber, it is characterised in that thermic super large mould field optical fiber is made up of fibre core and covering, it is desirable to fine
The refractive index of core material increases with the increase of temperature;
Fibre core includes interior fibre core and outer fibre core, and interior fibre core and outer fibre core are all circle, and interior fibre core is located at the center of outer fibre core, interior
Refractive index of the refractive index of fibre core less than or equal to outer fibre core;Mixed with gain media in interior fibre core;Gain media is free of in outer fibre core;
Interior core diameter is more than or equal to 20 microns;Interior core diameter is less than or equal to 50% with the ratio of outer core diameter;
Gain media, including inner cladding and surrounding layer are free of in covering;Surrounding layer wraps up inner cladding, and inner cladding wraps up outer fibre core;
Refractive index of the refractive index of inner cladding less than outer fibre core;Refractive index of the refractive index of surrounding layer less than inner cladding.
2. thermic super large mould field optical fiber as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the interior fiber core refractive index is rolled over outer fibre core
The difference for penetrating rate is less than 0.0001.
3. thermic super large mould field optical fiber as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the gain media is to refer to produce light
Field simultaneously can realize that light field is excited the particle or element for amplifying, it is desirable to which gain media can be by absorptive pumping light, specific two
Population inversion, and the induced transition process generation laser using particle between the two energy levels are realized between individual energy level,
While producing laser, heat can be produced based on Excited state effect.
4. thermic super large mould field optical fiber as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that the gain media refer to erbium, ytterbium, thulium, holmium,
Praseodymium, rubidium, bismuth.
5. thermic super large mould field optical fiber as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the interior core diameter is micro- more than or equal to 30
Rice.
6. thermic super large mould field optical fiber as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that number of the outer fibre core relative to inner cladding
Value aperture is less than or equal to 0.2.
7. thermic super large mould field optical fiber as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that number of the inner cladding relative to surrounding layer
Value aperture is more than or equal to 0.2.
8. thermic super large mould field optical fiber as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the inner cladding cross-sectional is circular or D types
Or regular polygon.
9. thermic super large mould field optical fiber as claimed in claim 8, it is characterised in that the inner cladding cross-sectional is using D types or just
Polygon.
10. thermic super large mould field optical fiber as claimed in claim 9, it is characterised in that it is just many that the inner cladding cross-sectional is used
Side shape is regular hexagon or octagon.
11. thermic super large mould field optical fiber as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that super large mould field optical fiber uses profile pump coupling
Structure is closed, the profile pump coupled structure refers to add K to make with the multimode fibre of inner cladding optical contact in surrounding layer
It is pumping transmission line, K is less than or equal to [π (1+R1/r1)] natural number, R1It is inner cladding diameter, even inner cladding is transversal
Face is circle, then R1It is round diameter, if inner cladding cross-sectional is D types or regular polygon, R1It is that D types or regular polygon are external
Circular diameter, r1It is the minimum core diameter of multimode fibre.
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CN108802898A (en) * | 2018-08-29 | 2018-11-13 | 法尔胜泓昇集团有限公司 | A kind of large mode field mixes ytterbium Active Optical Fiber and preparation method thereof |
CN110471139A (en) * | 2019-08-05 | 2019-11-19 | 上海瑞柯恩激光技术有限公司 | Optical fiber and its application method |
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