CN106770974B - Method for acquiring influence of ground fissure on plant biomass - Google Patents
Method for acquiring influence of ground fissure on plant biomass Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for acquiring the influence of ground fissure on plant biomass, which comprises the following steps: 1) Preparing a device for simulating ground cracks; 2) Culturing the plants in a device simulating ground cracks; 3) Performing ground fracture simulation operation; 4) Grouping samples; 5) Collecting a sample; 6) The total biomass of the sample was measured. The device for simulating the ground cracks in the step 1) comprises a box body with an opening at the top, a cushion block covering a partial area of the bottom of the box body is placed in the box body, a slotted hole is formed in one side of the box body, a top plate is supported by the slotted hole and the edge of the cushion block together, and a hollow area is formed between the top plate and the bottom of the box body; a supporting column for supporting the top plate is placed in the hollow area, an operation window for taking and placing the supporting column is arranged on the side wall of the box body below the slotted hole, and a sealing plate for covering the slotted hole and the operation window is detachably arranged on the side wall of the box body.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for acquiring the influence of ground fissure on plant biomass, belonging to the field of land reclamation.
Background
The problem of damage to surface vegetation in subsidence areas caused by coal mining collapse has become a key point of domestic and foreign research. The ground fissure caused by coal mining subsidence can cause strain damage to the root system of the plant, and the generation of the ground fissure can damage the soil structure of the loose layer on the ground surface, accelerate the loss of water and further cause adverse effects on the growth and the recovery of the vegetation. The biomass is an important index for reflecting the size of the plant growth influenced, the influence experiment of the ground fissure on the vegetation biomass is mainly carried out by field sampling at present, but a plurality of uncertain environmental factors such as temperature, illumination, rainfall and the like exist in the field experiment, the influence effect of the ground fissure on the plant can be interfered, and the influence effect of the ground fissure on the plant can not be simulated by the conventional indoor pot culture experiment.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a method for obtaining the influence of ground fissure on plant biomass stably and without environmental interference.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a method for obtaining the effect of ground fissure on plant biomass, comprising the following steps:
1) Device for preparing simulated ground fissure
The device comprises a box body with an opening at the top, wherein a cushion block covering partial area of the bottom of the box body is placed in the box body, a slotted hole is formed in one side of the box body, the slotted hole and the edge of the cushion block jointly support a top plate, and a hollow area is formed between the top plate and the bottom of the box body; a supporting column for supporting the top plate is placed in the hollow area, an operation window for taking and placing the supporting column is arranged on the side wall of the box body below the slotted hole, and a sealing plate for covering the slotted hole and the operation window is detachably arranged on the side wall of the box body;
2) Cultivation of plants in a device simulating ground cracks
Disinfecting the interior of the box body with alcohol, airing soil, screening out impurities, sterilizing, then loading the soil into the box body, and covering a cushion block and a top plate; watering on the soil, and naturally holding the water for a period of time; selecting seed with high yield 2 O 2 After soaking and disinfection, putting the seeds into a constant temperature box for germination acceleration, and then sowing the seeds in soil in the box body according to the row spacing position designed by an experiment;
3) Performing ground fracture simulation operation
Carrying out disturbance operation according to the determined ground fissure disturbance simulation time, and when carrying out the disturbance operation, taking out the supporting column in the box body through the operation window, and dragging the top plate to drag the top plate out of the slotted hole; after the disturbance operation is finished, the slotted hole and the operation window are covered by a sealing plate;
4) Grouping of samples
Grouping the planted plants according to different degrees of influence caused by ground cracks to perform a reference experiment, and continuously culturing the plants;
5) Sample collection
Harvesting the overground part and the underground part of each plant on a preset harvesting date, cleaning the roots of the plants, and respectively drying the overground part and the underground part;
6) Measuring the biomass amount of a sample
And respectively measuring the biomass of the overground part and the underground part of the sample so as to obtain the total biomass of the sample.
The supporting column in the device for simulating the ground fissure is of a circular truncated cone structure.
The top plates in the device for simulating the ground fissure are two arranged side by side, and the edge of one side of the top plate, which is positioned outside the slotted hole, is provided with a pull ring.
And a sealing plate in the device for simulating the ground fissure is fixed on the box body through a screw.
And a slotted hole in the device for simulating the ground fracture is communicated with the operation window.
In the step 2), after soil watering, the natural water holding time is 24 hours.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages: 1. the ground fissure simulator manufactured in the experiment step 1) can simulate the ground fissure indoors, so that the influence of environmental factors such as temperature, illumination, rainfall and the like can be avoided when the experiment of the influence of the ground fissure on the biomass of the plant is carried out, and the experiment result is more objective. 2. The invention carries out alcohol disinfection before the plant cultivation is carried out by the device for simulating ground fissure, thereby avoiding the plant from being interfered by mixed bacteria in the cultivation process. 3. When the ground crack simulation operation is carried out, the top plate is dragged out of the slotted hole slowly, so that the ground crack forming process can be simulated more practically, and the growth situation of plants in the ground crack simulation device is more practical.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front cross-sectional view of a ground fracture simulator of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the construction of the seal plate of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a top view of the earth fracture simulator of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a second measurement of the ground fracture simulator of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a left side view of the earth fracture simulator of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a plant being cultivated in the ground crack simulating assembly of the invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the earth fracture simulator of the present invention after application of a subsidence disturbance;
FIG. 8 is a graph of a statistical analysis of the aboveground biomass of harvested corn according to the invention;
FIG. 9 is a graph of a statistical analysis of the biomass of the underground portion of harvested corn according to the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a graph of a statistical analysis of biomass of harvested corn of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and examples.
The invention provides a method for acquiring the influence of ground fissure on plant biomass, which comprises the following steps:
1) Device for preparing simulated ground fissure
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the device for simulating ground fissure comprises a box body 1 with an open top, a cushion block 2 covering the bottom part area of the box body 1 is arranged in the box body 1, a slotted hole 5 is arranged at one side of the box body 1, the slotted hole 5 and the edge of the cushion block 2 jointly support a top plate 4, and a hollow area is formed between the top plate 4 and the bottom of the box body 1. In the hollow area, a support column 3 for supporting a top plate 4 is placed. An operation window 6 for taking and placing the support column 3 is provided on the side wall of the box body 1 below the slot 5, and a sealing plate 7 for covering the slot 5 and the operation window 6 is detachably provided on the side wall of the box body 1.
2) Cultivation of plants in a device simulating ground fissures
Disinfecting the interior of the box body 1 with alcohol, air-drying soil, removing impurities by sieving, sterilizing, then loading into the box body 1, and covering the cushion block 2 and the top plate 4; watering on the soil, and naturally holding the water for 24 hours; selecting seed with high yield 2 O 2 After soaking and disinfection, putting the seeds into a thermostat for germination acceleration, and then sowing the seeds in the soil in the box body 1 according to the row spacing position of the experimental design.
3) Performing ground fracture simulation operation
And determining the time for simulating the ground fracture disturbance according to the experimental purpose, and performing disturbance operation within the determined time. When the disturbance operation is carried out, the supporting column 3 in the box body 1 is taken out through the operation window 6, and then the top plate 4 is dragged out from the slotted hole 5 slowly. After the disturbance operation is completed, the slotted hole 5 and the operation window 6 are covered by a sealing plate 7.
4) Grouping of samples
Observing and recording the form of ground cracks, grouping the planted plants according to different influence degrees caused by the ground cracks to perform a reference experiment, continuously culturing, and observing and recording the growth condition of the plants.
5) Sample collection
According to the harvest date of the experimental design, the overground part and the underground part of each plant are harvested, the roots of the plants are cleaned, and the overground part and the underground part are respectively dried.
6) Measuring the Total Biomass of a sample
The biomass of the above-ground part and the underground part of the sample are measured respectively, so as to obtain the total biomass of the sample.
Through the measurement of the total biomass of the sample, the influence degree of the ground fissure on the growth of the sample can be known, and the smaller the total biomass is, the more seriously the root system of the sample is damaged.
In the above embodiment, the supporting column 3 is a circular truncated cone structure.
In the above embodiment, the top plate 4 is two pieces arranged side by side, and the edge of the side of the top plate 4 outside the slot 5 is provided with a pull ring 8, which facilitates to pull the top plate 4 out of the box body 1.
In the above embodiment, the sealing plate 7 is fixed to the casing 1 by screws, and prevents the internal soil from flowing out of the slot 5 and the operation window 6 when the ground crack simulation operation is performed.
In the above embodiment, as shown in fig. 5, the slot 5 is communicated with the operation window 6 and has a hollow T-shaped structure. The slotted hole 5 is used for supporting the top plate 4 and pulling the top plate 4 out of the box body 1 during ground fissure simulation operation, and the operation window 6 is used for taking out the inner supporting column 3 during ground fissure simulation operation.
The following method for studying the effect of cracks on corn growth is used to illustrate the method of the present invention.
1) Device for simulating ground cracks
The box body 1 manufactured here is a structure with an opening at the upper end and a closed lower end, the size of the box body 1 is 100cm × 60cm × 55cm, a cushion block 2 is arranged in the box body 1, the size of the cushion block 2 is 60cm × 60cm × 10cm, the bottom surface of the cushion block 2 is in contact with the bottom surface of the box body 1, three side surfaces of the cushion block 2 are in contact with three side surfaces of the box body 1 respectively, a fourth side surface of the cushion block 2 is arranged at an interval with a fourth side surface of the box body 1, support columns 3 are placed in the interval area and are of a circular table structure made of PVC hard materials, two top plates 4 are arranged on the top plates and are made of organic glass materials, the size of the top plates is 45cm × 30cm × 0.5cm, first ends of the top plates 4 are in contact with the cushion block 2, second ends of the top plates 4 penetrate through slotted holes 5 in the fourth side surface to protrude out of the box body 1, an operation window 6 is arranged on the fourth side surface of the box body 1 and is used for taking out the support columns 3 inside when ground crack simulation operation is carried out, and the slotted holes 5 are communicated with the box body 1 to form a T shape. A sealing plate 7 is detachably arranged on the fourth side surface of the box body 1, the slotted hole 5 and the operation window 6 can be covered by the sealing plate 7, and the size of the sealing plate 7 is 60cm multiplied by 12cm multiplied by 0.5cm.
2) Cultivation of maize in a device simulating ground fissure
(1) And (4) selecting a corn variety.
The corn is glutinous rice 28 provided by seed company of Chinese academy of agricultural sciences.
(2) And (4) selecting soil.
The soil to be tested is provided by a microorganism reclamation laboratory of China mining university (Beijing), and the basic physicochemical properties of the soil are as follows:
(3) seeding culture
And (5) air-drying the soil, and sieving by 2mm to remove impurities. Mixing, and sterilizing. Cleaning a device simulating ground cracks, disinfecting by using alcohol, filling 250kg of soil in each device, watering, and naturally holding water for 24 hours. Selecting full-grain glutinous 28 corn seeds, and adding 10% H 2 O 2 Soaking in the solution for 10min for disinfection, washing with deionized water, and sowing after accelerating germination in a thermostat at 25 deg.C for 24h. Five rows of three holes are arranged in the device, the row spacing and the plant spacing are all 20cm, wherein, 3 rows of 9 holes are sowed in the soil above the cushion block 2, and the cushion block is arrangedThe other side is sowed with 2 rows of 6 holes. Burying seeds at a laying position with a depth of 3-5cm and 3 seeds per hole, and culturing in a greenhouse with natural illumination. Thinning each hole to one strain when the corn is in the three-leaf one-heart stage. And (4) monitoring the water content of the soil by matching an Em50 data acquisition unit with an EC-5 water probe, and controlling the water content of the soil to be between 60 and 80 percent of the maximum water holding capacity. A schematic diagram of corn cultivation in a ground fissure simulator is shown in FIG. 6.
3) Performing ground fracture simulation operation
Take out inside support column 3 through operation window 6, then slowly pull out box 1 with roof 4 through slotted hole 5, then with closing plate 7 shutoff window, outside the soil outflow device of letting stride to the greatest extent, at last, observe the ground crack form of record. The height difference of the upper plate and the lower plate of the generated step-type ground fissure is 9.5cm, the width is 6cm, the depth is 25cm, and the schematic diagram of the ground fissure simulator after settlement disturbance is applied is shown in figure 7.
4) The samples were divided into CK, WL, FS1, FS2, sub groups
And the CK group is positioned above the cushion block 2 and is 50cm away from the crack. This group was least affected and was blank.
And the WL group is positioned above the cushion block 2 and is 30cm away from the crack, and is positioned on one side of the upper plate of the stepped crack. In this position, the cracks are less stressful to the root system, but the water loss problem caused by the cracks affects the growth of the group of plants.
And the FS1 group is positioned above the cushion block 2 and close to the upper plate of the stepped crack. One side of the crack is very serious in pulling on the root system of the plant, and meanwhile, the growth of the plant is influenced by the water loss problem caused by the crack.
And the FS2 group is positioned on the lower disc of the stepped crack. Both sides have severe strain on the plant root system, and the water loss problem caused by cracks can influence the plant growth.
And the Sub group is positioned above the goaf and in the subsidence area, and is 30cm away from the crack. Because soil has certain stickness, at the subsidence disturbance in-process, this position mainly receives the influence of whole decline, and one side near the crack has certain root system strain, but compares here root system strain degree less relatively with the crack position. Meanwhile, the soil at the position has the problem of aggravated water content loss of the soil due to over-subsidence disturbance.
5) Sample collection
And (3) applying subsidence disturbance in the jointing stage of vigorous growth of the corns, and harvesting the overground part and the underground part of each corn. And washing the corn root with deionized water, and respectively drying the overground part and the underground part to be tested.
6) Measuring the Total Biomass of a sample
Statistical analysis was performed on the measured data of the aerial part, the underground part and the total biomass of 15 samples in the five groups using SAS software (significance level set to 5%), and the specific data are shown in table 1:
table 1 comparison of biomass of five groups
The values in the table are the average of 3 replicates, and different letters after the same column of values in the table represent a significance level of 5% difference.
Combine in fig. 8-10 aerial part biomass, underground part biomass and total biomass data can see that the root system damage that FS2 suffered is the most serious, secondly for FS1 group, sub group maize root system suffers the damage and is inferior to FS1 group, and the root system of WL group is influenced lessly, CK group apart from crack 50cm, and the root system is not influenced, and each group's root system damage degree is: FS2> FS1> Sub > WL > CK.
The corn at the position of the FS2 lower disk of the crack is subjected to the shearing force at one side of the crack, after the ground crack is formed, the top plate 4 is further dragged out, the soil layer continues to stride, and therefore the looseness is large and is not beneficial to the maintenance of moisture, so that the biomass of the overground part and the biomass of the underground part of the corn in the FS2 group are both smaller than those of other groups, wherein the difference between the biomass of the overground part and the total biomass is obvious (p is less than 0.05) compared with other treatments, root systems at two sides of the part of the corn are located in a subsidence area, the soil is loose, the moisture loss of the soil is fast, and plants with damaged root systems are difficult to recover and grow well under the condition of relatively insufficient moisture.
The corns on the FS1 position on the disk on the crack are directly strained by the step-shaped ground crack, the root system is also strained in the sinking process, the water loss is accelerated due to the existence of the crack, and the actually measured biomass is 5.759 g/plant less than that of a CK control group.
Although the Sub group is relatively far away from the cracks, the subsidence disturbance is a dynamic process, when the top plate 4 is about to be drawn out, the whole soil layer is sunk and landed, the soil structure is damaged slightly, small cracks exist, the plant root system is slightly damaged, the soil structure looseness is increased due to the disturbance, the water retention capacity is weakened, and the slight damage to the root system and the water loss are directly influenced by the Sub group. The Sub group is slightly higher than the FS1 group and lower than the WL group in view of the total biomass data, but the significant difference is not achieved.
The distance between the WL group and the crack is the same as that between the Sub group, the problem of water loss caused by the crack also exists, but the soil is not disturbed, so the water loss degree is relatively weak, and the damage caused by root system strain can be ignored. However, compared with the control CK group, the biomass of the overground part, the underground part and the biomass are less, which shows that the influence of the small damage of the root system caused by the crack on the corn under the condition of sufficient soil moisture is not absolutely dominant, but the moisture loss caused by the crack also has a larger influence on the growth of the plants.
The experimental study that the maize was influenced by ground fissure has been accomplished in the laboratory to this embodiment utilizing analogue means. The experimental results show that the ground fissure can cause the dual problems of damage of the root system and water loss. The root system of the corn is seriously damaged at the crack, so that the growth of the plant is greatly influenced, and the moisture at the crack is accelerated to be dissipated, so that the plant is adversely affected. The influence degree of the damage of the root system of the corn planted on the upper side of the cushion block 2 is smaller as the distance from the crack is farther, and the influence of the corn is mainly water loss. The root system of the corn of the Sub group which is far from the crack on the lower side of the cushion block 2 is slightly damaged, so that the reduction of the water retention capacity of the soil causes certain influence on the growth.
The principle of the method for acquiring the influence of the ground fissure on the biomass of the plant provided by the invention is as follows:
different locations of the crack have respective perturbation characteristics. When the subsidence disturbance is applied, as the top plate 4 is slowly drawn out, cracks begin to appear at the position of the 'open-off cut' above the goaf, and then the lower disk of the cracks is descended downwards to form the upper disk and the lower disk of the ground cracks, namely the positions of the FS1 group and the FS2 group.
The above embodiments are only for further detailed description of the object, technical solution and advantages of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for obtaining the effect of ground fissure on plant biomass, comprising the following steps:
1) Device for preparing simulated ground fissure
The device comprises a box body with an open top, wherein a cushion block covering a partial area of the bottom of the box body is placed in the box body, a slotted hole is formed in one side of the box body, the slotted hole and the edge of the cushion block jointly support a top plate, and a hollow area is formed between the top plate and the bottom of the box body; a supporting column for supporting the top plate is placed in the hollow area, an operation window for taking and placing the supporting column is arranged on the side wall of the box body below the slotted hole, and a sealing plate for covering the slotted hole and the operation window is detachably arranged on the side wall of the box body;
2) Cultivation of plants in a device simulating ground fissures
Disinfecting the interior of the box body with alcohol, airing soil, screening out impurities, sterilizing, then loading the soil into the box body, and covering a cushion block and a top plate; watering on the soil, and naturally holding the water for a period of time; selecting seed with H 2 O 2 Soaking for sterilization, placing into a thermostat for germination, and placing into soil in the box according to experimental designSowing at the row spacing position;
3) Performing ground fracture simulation operation
Carrying out disturbance operation according to the determined ground fissure disturbance simulation time, and when carrying out the disturbance operation, taking out the supporting column in the box body through the operation window, and dragging the top plate to drag the top plate out of the slotted hole; after the disturbance operation is finished, the sealing plate is used for covering the slotted hole and the operation window;
4) Grouping of samples
Grouping the planted plants according to different degrees of influence caused by ground cracks to perform reference experiments, and continuously culturing the plants;
5) Sample collection
Harvesting the overground part and the underground part of each plant on a preset harvesting date, cleaning the roots of the plants, and respectively drying the overground part and the underground part;
6) Measuring the biomass amount of a sample
And respectively measuring the biomass of the overground part and the underground part of the sample so as to obtain the total biomass of the sample.
2. The method of claim 1 for obtaining the effect of ground fissure on plant biomass, wherein: the supporting column in the device for simulating the ground fissure is of a circular truncated cone structure.
3. The method of claim 1 for obtaining the effect of ground fissure on plant biomass, wherein: the top plates in the device for simulating the ground fissure are two arranged side by side, and the edge of one side of the top plate, which is positioned outside the slotted hole, is provided with a pull ring.
4. The method of claim 1 for obtaining the effect of ground fissure on plant biomass, wherein: and a sealing plate in the device for simulating the ground fissure is fixed on the box body through a screw.
5. The method of claim 1 for obtaining the effect of ground fissure on plant biomass, wherein: and a slotted hole in the device for simulating the ground fracture is communicated with the operation window.
6. The method of claim 1 for obtaining the effect of ground fissure on plant biomass, wherein: in the step 2), after soil watering, the natural water holding time is 24 hours.
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| CN102758622A (en) * | 2012-04-28 | 2012-10-31 | 中国神华能源股份有限公司 | Monitoring method for earth surface environment damage in underground mining area |
| CN104237485A (en) * | 2014-09-29 | 2014-12-24 | 中国矿业大学 | Soil evaporation capacity monitoring method in cracked coal mining subsidence area |
| CN204443227U (en) * | 2015-02-01 | 2015-07-08 | 吴帆 | Utilize rock fracture plant growth structure |
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| US9924629B2 (en) * | 2013-06-21 | 2018-03-27 | Appareo Systems, Llc | Method and system for optimizing planting operations |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102758622A (en) * | 2012-04-28 | 2012-10-31 | 中国神华能源股份有限公司 | Monitoring method for earth surface environment damage in underground mining area |
| CN104237485A (en) * | 2014-09-29 | 2014-12-24 | 中国矿业大学 | Soil evaporation capacity monitoring method in cracked coal mining subsidence area |
| CN204443227U (en) * | 2015-02-01 | 2015-07-08 | 吴帆 | Utilize rock fracture plant growth structure |
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| Title |
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| 王锐 等.干旱区高强度开采地表裂缝对土壤微生物学特性和植物群落的影响.环境科学研究.2016,第29卷(第09期),第1249-1255页. * |
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