CN106769608A - A kind of measure apparatus and method of ancient building ground brick paving water penetration and water imbibition - Google Patents
A kind of measure apparatus and method of ancient building ground brick paving water penetration and water imbibition Download PDFInfo
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- CN106769608A CN106769608A CN201710080134.2A CN201710080134A CN106769608A CN 106769608 A CN106769608 A CN 106769608A CN 201710080134 A CN201710080134 A CN 201710080134A CN 106769608 A CN106769608 A CN 106769608A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N5/00—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N5/00—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid
- G01N5/04—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid by removing a component, e.g. by evaporation, and weighing the remainder
- G01N5/045—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid by removing a component, e.g. by evaporation, and weighing the remainder for determining moisture content
Abstract
The measure apparatus and method of a kind of ancient building ground brick paving water penetration and water imbibition, belong to the combination property detection field of ancient building ground brick paving.Including test sleeve pipe, preliminary operation to be measured, support meanss, funnel, tank, electronic balance, the surrounding side sealed bundle of preliminary operation to be measured is wrapped and is fixed together by test sleeve pipe, test sleeve pipe and preliminary operation to be measured are held up by support device, the lower end for testing sleeve pipe is the funnel being sealed, it is tank below funnel, tank is placed on electronic balance；The side for testing sleeve pipe is provided with overfall, and the position of overfall accurately determines the water penetration and water imbibition of ancient building ground brick paving higher than preliminary operation to be measured by the measure device of preparation and to the treatment of ground brick paving.It is the planning and designing drainage system of science, improves its technology and economic benefit provides the technical support of science.Effectively reduce the risk for being subjected to waterlogging of ancient building.
Description
Technical field
Combination property the invention belongs to ancient building ground brick paving (belonging to historical relic rank, with infrangibility) detects neck
Domain, it is specifically, as a kind of to ground brick paving water permeability and the assay method of water absorbing properties.
Background technology
Historical and cultural heritage is the crystallization of human civilization, wherein, architectural heritage as its important part, in the world
Various countries receive more and more extensive attention.China is with a long history, and existing ancient building is important culture rarity.
The important value having by, the protection of ancient building itself has requirement very high to the environment of itself and surrounding.
Wherein drainage system is one of its most key infrastructure, and ancient building internal drainage system is needed with efficient draining energy
Power, to ensure ponding and local waterlogging risk to minimize；And impeded drainage will cause damage to the structure of ancient building, seriously
Shi Keneng causes wall crazing or even caves in.And the infiltration outlet capacity and water absorbing capacity of ground brick paving to the planning of drainage system with
Design is most important：In rainfall, the oozing of ground brick paving, water absorbing capacity directly affects down the runoff for oozing amount of rainfall and ground
Flow, and surface runoff flow directly affects the design and arrangement of drainage system.Most ancient buildings experienced centuries even on
The wind and rain of thousand, drainage system have passed through multiple transformation, but due to the limitation of conventional art and ability, often have ignored over the ground
Face tile work ooze water permeability and water absorbing properties research or it is studied it is not accurate enough, so as to cause the planning of drainage system
Design fails to reach technology and economic both sides is optimized.
In recent years, as China is for the continuous lifting that Historic heritage conservation is realized, in order to be able to preferably protection is ancient
Building, strengthens the continuous transformation to ancient building internal drainage system, it is ensured that it has efficient drainability, local waterlogging wind
Danger minimizes and is particularly important.With new science and technology, the birth of method and the science detection means in modern times and calculating
The combination of machine technology, explore a kind of science, accurately measurement ground brick paving thoroughly, the method and apparatus of water absorbing properties.For section
Planning and designing drainage system, protects ancient building significant from the harm of waterlogging, and being one has scientific and technological progress
The work of meaning and cultureal value.
The content of the invention
In order to protect ancient building to be destroyed from waterlogging, while being optimal the technology of Water drainage system design planning, economy
Change.The purpose of the present invention be there are provided the simple and practical measurement ancient building ground brick paving of a kind of principle, device thoroughly, water imbibition
The method of energy.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is a kind of saturating ancient building ground brick paving, the device of water absorbing properties measurement and side
Method.
A kind of ancient building ground brick paving is saturating, the device of water absorbing properties measurement, it is characterised in that including test sleeve pipe (1), treat
Test turns (3), support meanss, funnel (6), tank (7), electronic balance (8), tests sleeve pipe (1) by preliminary operation to be measured (3)
Surrounding side sealed bundle is wrapped and is fixed together, and test sleeve pipe (1) and preliminary operation to be measured (3) are held up by support device, are surveyed
The lower end of examination sleeve pipe (1) is the funnel (6) being sealed, and is tank (7) below funnel (6), and tank (7) is put
On electronic balance (8)；The side of test sleeve pipe (1) is provided with overfall (2), and the position of overfall (2) is higher than preliminary operation to be measured
(3), preferably overfall (2) is 5cm apart from the top of preliminary operation to be measured (3).
It is preferred that test sleeve pipe (1) uses a flexible EPE foam plate by the surrounding side sealed bundle of preliminary operation to be measured (3)
Blend compounds water-stop is wrapped to be fixed together.
Funnel (6) uses flexible material, such as uses rubber tube, upper end great Kou to be sealed in the lower port of test sleeve pipe (1), under
End osculum is connected in tank (7), or uses elastic rubber pipe, and the upper end port nature girth of rubber tube is less than test sleeve pipe
(1) lower port girth, elastic dilatation is enclosed within the lower port of test sleeve pipe (1), and elastic caoutchouc infratubal port forms funnel
Portlet is connected in tank (7).
Support meanss are by upright support bar (9), triangle horizontal support (4) and steel substrate (5), upright support bar
(9) it is steel substrate (5) below, triangle horizontal support (4) causes that triangle horizontal support (4) can be along upright branch by knob
Strut (9) is moved up and down and fixed.Support meanss include four.
Using said apparatus carry out ancient building ground brick paving thoroughly, water absorbing properties measure method, it is characterised in that including with
Lower step：
The collection of first step ancient building ground brick paving sample, in ancient building survey region it is random select certain amount (according to
The area in region according to the study) species identical ground brick paving, ground brick paving is numbered and is taken pictures；
Second step prepares the material required for making measurement apparatus；
3rd step is wrapped up ancient building ground brick paving；
(1) first remove sample brick surface impurity, and with makita 4100NH to gather ancient building ground brick paving (regular shape or
Person is irregularly) side polishes flat, and uses oven for drying, in putting it to baking oven, 110 ± 5 DEG C of drying temperature.Often dry 2
Hour takes out, and is put on electronic scale and is weighed, until the difference of consecutive weighings quality is less than 0.1% twice, is considered as and dries tile work
Original quality；
(2) according to the ground brick paving shape for polishing flat, length is measured with tape measure, the length of side is accurate to 0.1cm, cuts out
Suitable cystosepiment；Ground brick paving side wrap is got up by adhesive cystosepiment, while joint filling, it is ensured that water falls during test
Unique flow direction after to brick body upper surface be downwards infiltration and without normal direction sidewall diffusion；
(3) the quality m of the ground brick paving for wrapping is weighed0；
4th step carries out water penetration and water imbibition measurement
(1) according to the geomery of ground brick paving, adjusting supporting device, and it is placed on support meanss by what ground brick paving was consolidated
On；In tile work upper surface certain distance (maximum depth of accumulated water determination during according to Urban Rain) from the ground of test suite tube side identity distance
Place sets overfall；With peristaltic pump to water filling in test sleeve pipe, the liquid level of water is maintained at overfall；
(2) tank calculates permeable speed with the method for measurement infiltration water weight and accumulation is permeated below ground brick paving
Water (thinks that distilled water is constant through density after brick)；The infiltration water of ground brick paving is guided in inflow tank by funnel,
Tank is placed on the electronic scale for switching on power, and return-to-zero is carried out to electronic scale, and device is entered peristaltic pump diversion is started
When middle and water-column at overfall is maintained, this period is very short, can be ignored；Manual time-keeping is used simultaneously, when different
The reading on record electronic scale is engraved, adjacent moment time interval is equal；In certain period of time, work as TiUntil continuous 4 after time
During secondary electronic scale reading difference all same (difference is less than one thousandth), or according to preparation testing time and the curve map of quality,
When curve is changed into straight line, it is believed that the water penetration of tile work reaches stationary value i.e. water suction and reaches saturation；
(3) data that will have been recorded, are calculated according to formula (1), and according to the weight for carrying out accumulation infiltration water at any time
Between change curve and infiltration rate change over time curve, and the permeability analysis of sample brick are carried out to this；
The water permeability of brick is represented with the permeation rate index of brick；
Permeation rate is calculated as follows：
In formula：
Kt--- permeation rate, units/ml/s；
Vi, Vi+1--- ooze out water, units/ml in i-th, i+1 time t seconds；
ti, ti+1--- the time of i-th, i+1, unit s.
(4) fragment of brick for wrapping is removed and determined from device, weighs its quality m1, the data that will have been recorded are according to formula
(2) calculating absorption coerfficient is carried out；
Absorption coerfficient refers to the brick sample water suction quality of unit mass, is dimensionless group；Brick is represented with absorption coerfficient
Water absorbing properties；Absorption coerfficient presses column count：
In formula：
B --- absorption coerfficient, dimensionless；
m1--- the sample brick for wrapping and the quality (g) for sucking water during fragment of brick water suction saturation；
mo--- represent sample brick quality (g) for wrapping after drying.
Apparatus of the present invention and method, simple, direct, accuracy rate are high.The ancient building ground brick paving of arbitrary shape can be entered
Row is saturating, water absorbing properties measurement.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 ancient buildings ground brick paving is saturating, the schematic device of water absorbing properties measurement；
Fig. 2 support meanss schematic diagrames；
The permeable rare earths of Fig. 3 change with time figure.
1 test sleeve pipe, 2 overfalls, 3 bricks to be tested, 4 triangle horizontal supports, 5 steel substrates, 6 funnels, 7 tanks, 8
Electronic balance, 9 support bars.
Specific embodiment
In conjunction with drawings and Examples to a kind of method of measurement ancient building ground brick paving water penetration proposed by the invention
Make further instructions.
The technical scheme for this time using is a kind of measuring method of ancient building ground brick paving water penetration.Mainly have following
Step：
The collection of first step ancient building ground brick paving sample.In ancient building survey region it is random select certain amount (according to
The area in region according to the study) species identical ground brick paving, ground brick paving is numbered and is taken pictures.Purpose with to same species
The water penetration of ground brick paving takes multiple measurements averages, and reduces measurement error.
Second step prepares the material required for making measurement apparatus.Prepare saturating floor tile, water imbibition measure device, baking oven, cut
Cut brick sample equipment, peristaltic pump, aqua storage tank, the flexible funnel of self-control, measuring cup, tape measure, stopwatch, EPE foam plate, scissors, electronics
Claim, adhesive.
Design parameter is as follows：
Brick sample is saturating, water imbibition determines device：(see Fig. 1)
Baking oven：The gloomy letter in Shanghai, DZG-6050SB vertical vacuum drying boxes
Cutting brick sampling device：Makita 4100NH, Z1E-QU-115 and 110 marble cutting machines
Peristaltic pump：Lange, BT100-2J (c)
EPE foam plate:1 meter wide 1 meter of thickness 10mm long
(1) self-control floor tile water penetration determines device and is made up of four support units, can be according to the not similar shape of ground brick paving
Shape moves four positions of support unit, is easy to be placed on support what wrapped permeable tile work was consolidated.Support unit
Bearing diagonal crossbeam be made up of a diameter of 5.0mm cylinders reinforcing bar.
(2) the use of the purpose of the flexible funnel (the smooth hydrophobic material in surface is made) of self-control is that tile work is penetrated
Water water conservancy diversion is collected into tank, and the flexible funnel of self-control is minimum with the contact area of cylinder bearing diagonal crossbeam, so self-control
Flexible funnel is minimum with tile work lower surface contact area, and the negligible flexible funnel of self-control is with tile work lower surface contact area to tile work
The influence of water penetration.
(3) brick sample equipment is cut：The permeable tile work in ancient building ground experiences up to a hundred or even history of more than one thousand years, falls within historical relic,
Will try one's best the holding its original state during experiment measures its water penetration, and cutting brick sample equipment is only used for polishing block side
It is smooth, in order to EPE foam plate and ground brick paving are bonded with adhesive.
3rd step is wrapped up ancient building ground brick paving.
(1) first remove sample brick surface impurity, and with makita 4100NH to gather ancient building ground brick paving (regular shape or
Person is irregularly) side polishes flat, in putting it to baking oven, 110 ± 5 DEG C of drying temperature.Often dry 2 hours and take out, be put into
Weighed on electronic scale, until the difference of consecutive weighings quality is less than 0.1% twice, is considered as and dries tile work original quality.
(2) according to the ground brick paving shape for polishing flat, length is measured with tape measure, the length of side is accurate to 0.1cm, accurately
Cut out suitable cystosepiment；Ground brick paving side wrap is got up by adhesive cystosepiment, while to the inside joint filling of brick sample,
Purpose be when ensureing test unique flow direction for falling behind brick body upper surface of water be infiltration downwards and without normal direction sidewall diffusion, it is ensured that
The accuracy of measurement.Weigh the fragment of brick mass M for wrapping for testing0
4th step carries out water penetration and water imbibition measurement
(1) according to the geomery of ground brick paving, adjusting supporting device, and be placed on what brick sample was consolidated in support meanss.
Coca degree 5.0cm (maximum depth of accumulated water during according to Urban Rain determines) place sets overfall inside sample brick device.With compacted
Dynamic pump is maintained at 5.0cm the liquid level of water to water filling in device.
(2) permeable speed and accumulation amount of seepage can be calculated with the method for measurement infiltration water weight in ground brick paving lower surface
(thinking that distilled water is constant through density after brick).Infiltration water below sample brick device is guided into inflow container by making funnel by oneself
In, and container is placed on the electronic scale for switching on power, return-to-zero is carried out to electronic scale.Enter dress peristaltic pump diversion is started
When putting middle and 5cm water-columns are maintained, this period is very short, can be ignored.Manual time-keeping is used simultaneously, in different time sections
It is interior, the volume Vi of the infiltration water in reading and measuring cup that recorded electronic is deserved to be called.In certain period of time, work as TiUntil even after time
When continuing No. 4 electronic scale reading difference all sames (difference is less than one thousandth), it is believed that the water penetration of tile work reaches stationary value and inhales
Water reaches saturation.
(3) data that will have been recorded, are calculated according to formula (1), and according to the volume for carrying out accumulation infiltration water at any time
Between change curve and infiltration rate change over time curve, and the permeability analysis of sample brick are carried out to this.
The water permeability of brick is represented with the permeation rate index of brick.
Permeation rate is calculated as follows：
In formula：
Kt--- permeation rate, units/ml/s；
Vi, Vi+1--- ooze out water, units/ml in i-th, i+1 time t seconds；
ti, ti+1--- the time of i-th, i+1, unit s.
Table 1
(4) fragment of brick for wrapping is removed and determined from device, weighs its quality (m1), the data that will have been recorded are according to public affairs
Formula (2) is calculated.
Absorption coerfficient refers to the brick sample water suction quality of unit mass, is dimensionless group.Brick is represented with absorption coerfficient
Water absorbing properties.Absorption coerfficient presses column count：
In formula：
B --- absorption coerfficient, dimensionless；
m1--- the sample brick for wrapping and the quality (g) for sucking water during fragment of brick water suction saturation；
mo--- represent sample brick quality (g) for wrapping after drying
Table 2
| T(s) | T0 | T1 | T2 | T3 | T4 | T5 | T6 | … | Ti | Ti+1 | Ti+2 | Ti+3 | Ti+ 4 |
| M(g) | M0 | M1 | M2 | M3 | M4 | M5 | M6 | … | Mi | Mi+1 | Mi+2 | Mi+3 | Mi+ 4 |
(5) coefficient of permeability versus time curve such as Fig. 3 (for example) is drawn by the data of table 1, coefficient of permeability reaches after 10s
The quality of stationary value, i.e. brick keeps not changing with time and changing (tile work water suction reaches saturation).
The measuring principle and measure device of the infiltration coefficient according to above-mentioned ancient building ground brick paving, can more accurately survey
The infiltration coefficient and absorption coerfficient of ancient building ground brick paving are made, is that the planning and designing of ancient building internal drainage system are strong
Technical support, can greatly improve the technology and economic benefit of Water drainage system design, effectively reduce in ancient building is subjected to
The risk of portion's flood.Protection to China's ancient building is made that making any contributes.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of ancient building ground brick paving thoroughly, the device of water absorbing properties measurement, it is characterised in that including test sleeve pipe (1), to be measured
Examination brick (3), support meanss, funnel (6), tank (7), electronic balance (8), test sleeve pipe (1) by the four of brick to be tested (3)
All side sealed envelopes are lived and are fixed together, and test sleeve pipe (1) and preliminary operation to be measured (3) are held up by support device, test
The lower end of sleeve pipe (1) is the funnel (6) being sealed, and is tank (7) below funnel (6), and tank (7) is placed on
On electronic balance (8)；The side of test sleeve pipe (1) is provided with overfall (2), and the position of overfall (2) is higher than preliminary operation to be measured
(3)。
2. according to a kind of ancient building ground brick paving described in claim 1 is saturating, the device of water absorbing properties measurement, it is characterised in that
Overfall (2) is 5cm apart from the top of preliminary operation to be measured (3).
3. according to a kind of ancient building ground brick paving described in claim 1 is saturating, the device of water absorbing properties measurement, it is characterised in that
The surrounding side sealed bundle of preliminary operation to be measured (3) is wrapped blend compounds water by test sleeve pipe (1) using a flexible EPE foam plate
Sealing is fixed together.
4. according to a kind of ancient building ground brick paving described in claim 1 is saturating, the device of water absorbing properties measurement, it is characterised in that
Funnel (6) uses flexible material.
5. according to a kind of ancient building ground brick paving described in claim 1 is saturating, the device of water absorbing properties measurement, it is characterised in that
Funnel (6) uses elastic rubber pipe, the lower port girth of the upper end port nature girth less than test sleeve pipe (1) of rubber tube, bullet
Property expanding sheath test sleeve pipe (1) lower port on, elastic caoutchouc infratubal port formed funnel portlet be connected to tank
(7) in.
6. according to a kind of ancient building ground brick paving described in claim 1 is saturating, the device of water absorbing properties measurement, it is characterised in that
Support meanss are by upright support bar (9), triangle horizontal support (4) and steel substrate (5), under upright support bar (9)
Face is steel substrate (5), and triangle horizontal support (4) causes that triangle horizontal support (4) can be along upright support bar (9) by knob
Move up and down and fix.
7. using claim any one of 1-6 device carry out ancient building ground brick paving thoroughly, water absorbing properties measure method, its feature
It is to comprise the following steps：
The collection of first step ancient building ground brick paving sample, certain amount species phase is selected in ancient building survey region at random
Same ground brick paving, is numbered and takes pictures to ground brick paving；
Second step prepares the material required for making measurement apparatus；
3rd step is wrapped up ancient building ground brick paving；
(1) sample brick surface impurity is first removed, and the ancient building ground brick paving side for gathering is polished flat with makita 4100NH, and
With oven for drying, in putting it to baking oven, 110 ± 5 DEG C of drying temperature.Often dry 2 hours and take out, be put on electronic scale and claimed
Weight, until the difference of consecutive weighings quality is less than 0.1% twice, is considered as and dries tile work original quality；
(2) according to the ground brick paving shape for polishing flat, length is measured with tape measure, the length of side is accurate to 0.1cm, cuts out suitable
Cystosepiment；Ground brick paving side wrap is got up by adhesive cystosepiment, while joint filling, it is ensured that water falls brick during test
Unique flow direction behind body upper surface be downwards infiltration and without normal direction sidewall diffusion；
(3) the quality m of the ground brick paving for wrapping is weighed0；
4th step carries out water penetration and water imbibition measurement
(1) according to the geomery of ground brick paving, adjusting supporting device, and be placed on what ground brick paving was consolidated in support meanss；
Overfall is set at a certain distance from test suite tube side identity distance from the ground tile work upper surface；With peristaltic pump to note in test sleeve pipe
Water, the liquid level of water is maintained at overfall；
(2) tank calculates permeable speed and accumulation amount of seepage with the method for measurement infiltration water weight below ground brick paving
(thinking that distilled water is constant through density after brick)；The infiltration water of ground brick paving is guided in inflow tank by funnel, water storage
Container is placed on the electronic scale for switching on power, and return-to-zero is carried out to electronic scale, when the diversion of startup peristaltic pump enters in device
And water-column at overfall is maintained, this period is very short, can be ignored；Manual time-keeping is used simultaneously, is not being remembered in the same time
Reading on record electronic scale, adjacent moment time interval is equal；In certain period of time, work as TiUntil continuous 4 electricity after time
During sub- scale reading difference all same, or according to the curve map of testing time and quality is prepared, when curve is changed into straight line, it is believed that paving
The water penetration of brick reaches stationary value i.e. water suction and reaches saturation；
(3) data that will have been recorded, are calculated according to formula (1), and accumulate the weight for permeating water anaplasia at any time according to carrying out
Change curve and change over time curve with infiltration rate, and the permeability analysis of sample brick are carried out to this；
The water permeability of brick is represented with the permeation rate index of brick；
Permeation rate is calculated as follows：
In formula：
Kt--- permeation rate, units/ml/s；
Vi, Vi+1--- ooze out water, units/ml in i-th, i+1 time t seconds；
ti, ti+1--- the time of i-th, i+1, unit s.
(4) fragment of brick for wrapping is removed and determined from device, weighs its quality m1, the data that will have been recorded enter according to formula (2)
Row calculates absorption coerfficient；
Absorption coerfficient refers to the brick sample water suction quality of unit mass, is dimensionless group；The water suction of brick is represented with absorption coerfficient
Performance；
Absorption coerfficient presses column count：
In formula：
B --- absorption coerfficient, dimensionless；
m1--- the sample brick for wrapping and the quality (g) for sucking water during fragment of brick water suction saturation；
mo--- represent sample brick quality (g) for wrapping after drying.
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| CN108007844A (en) * | 2017-12-22 | 2018-05-08 | 山东大学 | A kind of road surface water-permeable brick permeability coefficient tester |
| CN108458946A (en) * | 2018-03-29 | 2018-08-28 | 华南理工大学 | A kind of detachable rainfall simulator of enclosing type for building and test method |
| CN108627430A (en) * | 2018-08-13 | 2018-10-09 | 浙江水利水电学院 | A kind of water-permeable brick water suction system safety testing device |
| CN108871998A (en) * | 2018-03-28 | 2018-11-23 | 湖北葛店人福药用辅料有限责任公司 | Powder water absorbing properties detection method and device |
| CN109374507A (en) * | 2018-12-05 | 2019-02-22 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | A kind of experimental rig of test simulation scall water permeability |
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