CN106769523B - Measuring device for measuring mechanical properties of soil - Google Patents
Measuring device for measuring mechanical properties of soil Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN106769523B CN106769523B CN201611205680.6A CN201611205680A CN106769523B CN 106769523 B CN106769523 B CN 106769523B CN 201611205680 A CN201611205680 A CN 201611205680A CN 106769523 B CN106769523 B CN 106769523B
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- measuring
- soil
- bracket
- pressure
- claw
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 210000000078 claw Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009530 blood pressure measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/16—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces applied through gearing
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0032—Generation of the force using mechanical means
- G01N2203/0037—Generation of the force using mechanical means involving a rotating movement, e.g. gearing, cam, eccentric, or centrifuge effects
Landscapes
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
- Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a measuring device for measuring the mechanical properties of soil, which comprises a bracket body, a measuring part and a penetrating part detachably arranged with the measuring part, wherein the bracket body is provided with a plurality of holes; the bracket body comprises a lower chassis, a left bracket and a right bracket which are fixedly connected to the lower chassis and are oppositely arranged, and an upper bracket which is arranged between the left bracket and the right bracket and is fixedly connected with the left bracket and the right bracket; the measuring component comprises a screw rod lifter fixedly arranged on the upper bracket and used for enabling the measuring component to lift along the vertical direction and a displacement sensor used for measuring the sinking amount of the penetrating component, the pressure measuring component is fixedly connected below the screw rod lifter through a screw rod flange, and the torque measuring component is connected below the pressure measuring component through a central shaft; the penetration part comprises a taper rod, a claw disc and a pressing plate. The invention can comprehensively measure the mechanical parameters of the soft and hard soil and realize the indoor and outdoor functions. The invention is suitable for measuring the mechanical properties of soil and is used for indoor and outdoor soft and hard soil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of detection for measuring mechanical properties of soil, and particularly relates to a measuring device for measuring mechanical properties of soil.
Background
The mechanical properties of the soil have great influence on the traction control performance of the vehicle, and the research on the mechanical properties of the soil is beneficial to evaluating the road surface trafficability of the vehicle. In order to study the mechanical properties of soil, a corresponding soil mechanical property testing device is required to be adopted or designed for measurement. The most widely applied equipment is a Behcet's instrument, which is based on a classical soil mechanics formula, and can rapidly acquire a soil pressure-bearing curve by means of a loading mechanism and a measuring system.
However, the current device for measuring the mechanical properties of the soil is generally limited to measuring the mechanical properties of the soil in a single aspect, and can be used for comprehensively measuring the mechanical properties of the soil by using different measuring devices, and lacks a device for comprehensively measuring the mechanical properties of the soil. Moreover, the existing measuring device is mainly designed for loose soil in an experimental soil tank, and a counterweight is required to be added on the measuring device for providing loading force for outdoor hard soil, so that the device is heavy and complex to use. Secondly, the claw disc used in the current detection of the soil shearing property often influences the accuracy of the measurement data of the torque sensor due to friction generated in the torque measurement component and accumulation of soil among the claws of the claw disc.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a measuring device for measuring the mechanical properties of soil, which can comprehensively measure the mechanical parameters of soft and hard soil and realize indoor and outdoor functions.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the measuring device for measuring the mechanical properties of the soil comprises a displacement sensor, a pressure sensor and a torque sensor, and comprises a bracket body, a measuring part and a penetrating part which is detachably arranged with the measuring part; the bracket body comprises a lower chassis, a left bracket and a right bracket which are fixedly connected to the lower chassis and are oppositely arranged, and an upper bracket which is arranged between the left bracket and the right bracket and is fixedly connected with the left bracket and the right bracket; the measuring component comprises a screw rod lifter fixedly arranged on the upper bracket and used for enabling the measuring component to lift along the vertical direction and a displacement sensor used for measuring the sinking amount of the penetrating component, the pressure measuring component is fixedly connected below the screw rod lifter through a screw rod flange, and the torque measuring component is connected below the pressure measuring component through a central shaft; the penetration component comprises a conical rod for measuring soil hardness and adhesion characteristics, a claw disc for measuring soil shearing characteristics and a pressing plate for measuring soil bearing pressure.
As an improvement of the invention, the pressure measuring component comprises a pressure measuring component shell arranged at the periphery of the pressure measuring component, a pressure sensor arranged in the pressure measuring component shell and a linear bearing arranged below the pressure sensor, fixedly connected to the pressure measuring component shell and matched with the vertical central shaft; the central shaft below the linear bearing is provided with a shaft neck section, the shaft neck section is a whole circle of groove with a certain depth along the circumferential direction, the pressure measuring part shell is provided with a limit nut at a position corresponding to the shaft neck section, and the limit nut limits the vertical movement of the central shaft through the shaft neck section and enables the central shaft to rotate.
As a further improvement of the invention, the torque measuring component comprises a torque sensor, a rolling bearing only bearing axial pressure and a bearing seat which is matched with the rolling bearing and fixedly connected below the torque sensor, and a central shaft vertically penetrates through the torque sensor to be matched with the rolling bearing.
As a further development of the invention, the rolling bearing is not in contact with the torque sensor.
As another improvement of the present invention, the claw disk includes a claw disk body having a cavity with an opening at a bottom surface, and a claw disposed at a bottom surface of the claw disk body, the cavity being capable of accommodating soil stacked between the claws by rotation of the claw, and a through hole communicating with the cavity being provided at a top surface of the claw disk body.
As a further improvement of the invention, the bottom surface of the claw disk body is provided with the convex claw along the circumferential direction, the convex claw forms a right trapezoid with the upper bottom being the intersection line of the convex claw and the bottom surface of the claw disk body and the upper bottom being larger than the lower bottom in cross section, and the right trapezoid extends for a certain length along the radial direction of the bottom surface of the claw disk body.
As another improvement of the present invention:
the center of the lower chassis is provided with an opening which can enable the penetrating component to penetrate through the lower chassis.
The lower chassis is provided with an adjusting screw rod which can support the lower chassis and adjust the lower chassis to be horizontally placed.
The bottom surface of the lower chassis is provided with casters which can enable the bracket body to move.
Through holes are correspondingly formed in the left support and the right support at intervals in the vertical direction in the opposite direction.
By adopting the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention can comprehensively measure the mechanical properties of the soft and hard soil and realize the indoor and outdoor functions;
the pressure measuring component is arranged above the torque measuring component, and by arranging the linear bearing and the rolling bearing capable of only bearing axial pressure, the pressure measuring component and the torque measuring component can be ensured to work independently and do not interfere with each other, namely, the pressure measuring component can bear soil pressure without bearing torque effect when working, and the torque measuring component can bear torque effect without bearing pressure when working;
according to the invention, the rolling bearing which is not contacted with the torque sensor is arranged in the torque measuring component, so that friction generated in the torque measuring component can be reduced, and the accuracy of the measurement data of the torque sensor is improved;
according to the invention, the cavity is formed in the claw disc body, so that soil accumulated among the claws enters the cavity when the claw disc rotates during working, gas in the cavity is discharged through the through holes formed above the cavity, the accumulation condition of the soil in the cavity can be detected through the through holes, the measurement error of measuring the soil shearing characteristic caused by the accumulation of the soil is reduced, the measured soil shearing characteristic parameter reflects the real condition, and the measurement accuracy is improved;
according to the invention, by changing the structure of the convex claw, the breaking of the convex claw and the claw disc body in hard soil caused by soil resistance can be overcome, the service life of the convex claw is prolonged, and the production cost is saved.
The invention is suitable for measuring the mechanical properties of soil and is used for indoor and outdoor soft and hard soil.
Drawings
The invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific examples.
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a structure for measuring soil hardness and adhesion characteristics according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a structure for measuring soil shear characteristics according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a structure for measuring soil bearing pressure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the structure of the claw disk 13B according to the embodiment of the invention;
in the figure: 1. an upper bracket; 2. a left bracket; 3. a right bracket; 4. a connecting block; 5. a lower chassis; 6. adjusting a screw rod; 7. a screw elevator; 8. a displacement sensor; 9. extending the platform; 10. a screw flange; 11. a pressure measurement member; 11A, a pressure sensor; 11B, linear bearings; 11C, limiting nuts; 11D, a pressure measurement component housing; 12. a torque measuring part; 12A, torque sensor; 12B, pressure bearings; 12C, a bearing seat; 13. penetrating the component; 13A, a conical rod; 13B, claw disc; 13C, pressing plate; 14. casters; 15. a central shaft; 16. a claw; 17. a cavity; 18. and a flange plate.
Detailed Description
Example 1
A measuring device for measuring the mechanical properties of soil, as shown in fig. 1-5, comprises a bracket body, a measuring part and a penetrating part 13 detachably mounted with the measuring part.
The bracket body comprises a lower chassis 5, a left bracket 2 and a right bracket 3 which are fixedly connected with the lower chassis 5 and are oppositely arranged, and an upper bracket 1 which is arranged between the left bracket 2 and the right bracket 3 and is fixedly connected with the left bracket 2 and the right bracket 3.
The lower chassis 5 is a rectangle surrounded by four channel steel, four channel steel which is parallel to the rectangular broadside are fixed in the rectangle surrounded by four channel steel, the rectangular channel steel is divided into five rectangular parts, a supporting plate is arranged above the two rectangular parts on two sides, and the middle rectangular part is an opening which can enable the penetrating part 13 to penetrate through the lower chassis 5. The supporting plate is connected with a triangular ribbed plate by bolts, and the triangular ribbed plate is connected with a left bracket 2 and a right bracket 3 by bolts. The lower chassis 5 is provided with an adjusting screw rod 6 which can support the lower chassis 5 and adjust the lower chassis 5 to be horizontally placed at four right-angle positions surrounded by four channel steels, and the bottom surface of the lower chassis 5 is provided with casters 14 which can enable the bracket body to move.
The left bracket 2 and the right bracket 3 are both channel steel and are vertically and oppositely arranged on the lower chassis 5. The left bracket 2 and the right bracket 3 are respectively connected with the upper bracket 1 through bolts by connecting blocks. The left support 2 and the right support 3 are correspondingly provided with through holes along the vertical direction at intervals in the equidistant direction, bolts of the left support 2 and the right support 3 are installed on the through holes with different heights through connecting blocks, and the vertical direction position of the upper support 1 can be adjusted.
The measuring means comprises a screw lift 7, a displacement sensor 8, a pressure measuring means 11 and a torque measuring means 12.
The screw lifter 7 is connected to the upper bracket 1 by a bolt for adjusting the lifting of the measuring part in the vertical direction.
The displacement sensor 8 is a stay wire type displacement sensor and is connected to the upper bracket 1 through a bolt, a stay wire of the displacement sensor 8 is fixed on an extension platform 9 below the screw rod lifter 7, and the extension platform 9 is fixed on a screw rod flange 10 below the screw rod lifter 7 through a bolt.
The lower part of the screw lifter 7 is connected with a pressure measuring part 11 through a screw flange 10 by bolts. The pressure measuring part 11 includes a pressure measuring part housing 11D, a pressure sensor 11A, and a linear bearing 11B. The periphery of the pressure measuring component 11 is provided with a pressure measuring component shell 11D, the pressure measuring component shell 11D is internally provided with a pressure sensor 11A, a linear bearing 11B matched with the central shaft 15 is arranged below the pressure sensor 11A, the linear bearing 11B is connected to the pressure measuring component shell 11D through a bolt, the central shaft 15 below the linear bearing 11B is provided with a journal section, the journal section is a whole circle of groove with a certain depth along the circumferential direction, the pressure measuring component shell 11D is provided with a limit nut 11C at a position corresponding to the journal section, and the limit nut 11C limits the vertical movement of the central shaft 15 through the journal section and enables the central shaft 15 to rotate.
A torque measuring member 12 is connected to the lower side of the pressure measuring member 11 through a center shaft 15, and the torque measuring member 12 includes a torque sensor 12A, a rolling bearing that carries only axial pressure, and a bearing housing 12C. The torque sensor 12A is arranged above the torque measuring component 12, the bearing seat 12C which is connected with the torque sensor 12A through bolts is arranged below the torque sensor 12A, the pressure bearing 12B which is matched with the bearing seat 12C and only bears axial pressure is arranged above the bearing seat 12C, the pressure bearing 12B is not contacted with the torque sensor 12A, a gap of 1-2mm is reserved, and the accuracy of a measuring result is affected by internal friction of the torque measuring component 12. The central shaft 15 with the upper end matched with the linear bearing 11B of the pressure measuring component 11 vertically penetrates through the torque sensor 12A, the lower end matched with the pressure bearing 12B, the central shaft 15 is in a vertical state, only axial force is measured, and the accuracy of measured data is guaranteed. When the torque sensor 12A is twisted, the central shaft 15 does not rotate along with the torque sensor 12A due to the action of the pressure bearing 12B, and the penetrating member 13 rotates along with the torque sensor 12A to collect the soil mechanical characteristic parameter, so that the pressure sensor 11A does not bear pressure when the torque sensor 12A measures torque, and the torque sensor 12A does not bear torque when the pressure sensor 11A measures bearing pressure. Therefore, the pressure measuring part 11 and the torque measuring part 12 are operated separately, and do not interfere with each other.
The penetration member 13 includes a taper rod 13A, a claw disk 13B, and a pressing plate 13C. The penetration part 13 is bolted to the measuring part via a flange above the penetration part, and different penetration parts 13 are used for replacement according to the measured ergometric properties. The taper rod 13A is used for measuring the hardness and adhesion characteristics of the soil, the claw disk 13B is used for measuring the shearing characteristics of the soil, the pressing plate 13C is used for measuring the bearing pressure of the soil, and the torque measuring part 12 is not required to be installed when the bearing pressure of the soil is measured.
The claw disk 13B includes a claw disk body and claws 16. The claw disc body is a cylinder, the claw disc body is provided with a cylinder cavity 17 with an opening at the bottom surface, the cavity 17 can accommodate soil piled up by the rotation of the convex claw 16, and the top surface of the claw disc body is provided with a through hole communicated with the cavity 17, so that the soil is piled up in the cavity 17 and then discharged outwards from the through hole. The bottom surface of the claw disk body is provided with a convex claw 16 along the circumferential direction, the convex claw 16 forms a right trapezoid with an upper bottom which is the intersection line of the convex claw 16 and the bottom surface of the claw disk body and is larger than the cross section right trapezoid of a lower bottom, and the right trapezoid extends for a certain length along the radial direction of the bottom surface of the claw disk body. A flange 18 is welded above the claw disc body, and a through hole connected with the torque measuring part 12 through bolts is arranged on the flange 18.
According to the invention, the detected soil mechanical characteristic parameters can be obtained through the output of the voltage signals of the information collected by the measuring component.
When the embodiment is used, the experimental soil tank can be placed above the lower chassis 5 to directly measure the mechanical properties of soil in the experimental soil tank. When outdoor mechanical properties need to be measured, the rotary adjusting screw 6 moves upwards relative to the lower chassis 5, the caster 14 is moved to enable the bracket body to the soil to be measured, the rotary adjusting screw 6 moves downwards relative to the lower chassis 5, the lower chassis 5 is fixed, and the lower chassis 5 is in a horizontal state. The upper bracket 1 is fixed on the corresponding through holes on the left bracket 2 and the right bracket 3 through bolts by the connecting blocks 4, and the position of the upper bracket 1 in the vertical direction can be adjusted. The adjusting screw lifter 7 adjusts the sinking amount of the penetration member 13.
When the soil bearing pressure is measured, the penetrating part 13 is replaced by the pressing plate 13C, the torque measuring part 12 does not need to be connected below the pressure measuring part 11, and after the penetrating part 13 enters the soil, the lower end of the central shaft 15 is propped against the pressure bearing 12B and the upper end is propped against the contact of the pressure sensor 11A due to the soil reaction force, so that the pressure sensor signal can be collected.
When the hardness and adhesion characteristics of soil are measured, the penetrating part 13 is replaced by the conical rod 13A, the torque measuring part 12 is connected below the pressure measuring part 11 through bolts, after the penetrating part 13 enters the soil to collect the pressure sensor 11A, the penetrating depth of the conical rod 13A into the soil is kept unchanged, the torque sensor 12A is twisted, the conical rod 13A rotates along with the torque sensor 12A, the central shaft 15 does not rotate along with the torque sensor 12A, and therefore signals of the torque sensor 12A can be collected.
When the claw disk 13B penetrates into the soil to collect pressure signals, the depth of penetration of the claw disk 13B into the soil is kept unchanged, the torque sensor 12A rotates with the claw disk 13B, the central shaft 15 does not rotate with the torque sensor 12A, the claw 16 of the claw disk body can only rotate along one side of the non-vertical connection between the claw 16 and the bottom surface of the claw disk body, the soil piled between the claw 16 due to rotation of the claw disk body can be rotated into the cavity 17 in the claw disk body, when the cavity 17 is filled with the soil, the gas in the cavity is discharged through the through holes communicated with the top surface of the claw disk body and the cavity 17, and the pile-up condition of the soil in the cavity 17 can be observed through the through holes, so that the accuracy of measured data is ensured. Thus, the torque sensor signal can be acquired to obtain the shear characteristic parameter of the soil.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a measuring device for measuring soil mechanics characteristic, includes displacement sensor, pressure sensor and torque sensor, its characterized in that: comprises a bracket body, a measuring component and a penetrating component which is detachably arranged with the measuring component;
the bracket body comprises a lower chassis, a left bracket and a right bracket which are fixedly connected to the lower chassis and are oppositely arranged, and an upper bracket which is arranged between the left bracket and the right bracket and is fixedly connected with the left bracket and the right bracket;
the measuring component comprises a screw rod lifter fixedly arranged on the upper bracket and used for enabling the measuring component to lift along the vertical direction and a displacement sensor used for measuring the sinking amount of the penetrating component, the pressure measuring component is fixedly connected below the screw rod lifter through a screw rod flange, and the torque measuring component is connected below the pressure measuring component through a central shaft;
the penetration component comprises a conical rod for measuring the hardness and adhesion characteristics of soil, a claw disc for measuring the shearing characteristics of the soil and a pressing plate for measuring the bearing pressure of the soil;
the pressure measuring component comprises a pressure measuring component shell arranged at the periphery of the pressure measuring component, a pressure sensor arranged in the pressure measuring component shell, and a linear bearing which is arranged below the pressure sensor, fixedly connected to the pressure measuring component shell and matched with the vertical central shaft; the central shaft below the linear bearing is provided with a shaft neck section, the shaft neck section is a complete circle of groove with depth along the circumferential direction, the pressure measuring part shell is provided with a limit nut at a position corresponding to the shaft neck section, and the limit nut limits the vertical movement of the central shaft through the shaft neck section and can enable the central shaft to rotate;
the torque measuring component comprises a torque sensor, a rolling bearing only bearing axial pressure and a bearing seat which is matched with the rolling bearing and fixedly connected below the torque sensor, and a central shaft vertically penetrates through the torque sensor to be matched with the rolling bearing;
the rolling bearing is not in contact with the torque sensor.
2. The measurement device for be used for measuring soil mechanics characteristic according to claim 1, characterized in that: the claw disk comprises a claw disk body and claws arranged on the bottom surface of the claw disk body, the claw disk body is provided with a cavity with an opening on the bottom surface, the cavity can accommodate soil piled among the claws by rotating the claws, and the top surface of the claw disk body is provided with a through hole communicated with the cavity.
3. The measurement device for be used for measuring soil mechanics characteristic according to claim 2, characterized in that: the claw disk body bottom surface is equipped with the claw along the circumferencial direction, the claw forms the cross-section right trapezoid that the upper end is the intersection of claw and claw disk body bottom surface and upper end is greater than the lower end on the side of claw disk body, and right trapezoid radially extends along claw disk body bottom surface has a section length.
4. The measurement device for be used for measuring soil mechanics characteristic according to claim 1, characterized in that: the center of the lower chassis is provided with an opening which can enable the penetrating component to penetrate through the lower chassis.
5. The measurement device for be used for measuring soil mechanics characteristic according to claim 1, characterized in that: the lower chassis is provided with an adjusting screw rod which can support the lower chassis and adjust the lower chassis to be horizontally placed.
6. The measurement device for be used for measuring soil mechanics characteristic according to claim 1, characterized in that: the bottom surface of the lower chassis is provided with casters which can enable the bracket body to move.
7. The measurement device for be used for measuring soil mechanics characteristic according to claim 1, characterized in that: through holes are correspondingly formed in the left support and the right support at intervals in the vertical direction in the opposite direction.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201611205680.6A CN106769523B (en) | 2016-12-23 | 2016-12-23 | Measuring device for measuring mechanical properties of soil |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201611205680.6A CN106769523B (en) | 2016-12-23 | 2016-12-23 | Measuring device for measuring mechanical properties of soil |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN106769523A CN106769523A (en) | 2017-05-31 |
| CN106769523B true CN106769523B (en) | 2024-01-26 |
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| CN201611205680.6A Active CN106769523B (en) | 2016-12-23 | 2016-12-23 | Measuring device for measuring mechanical properties of soil |
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| 孙祖望,孙树仁,李太杰,陈宜俊,张义甫.履带推土机牵引动力学的试验研究.工程机械.1983,(第02期),24-32. * |
| 朱合华 ; 徐前卫 ; 郑七振 ; 廖少明 ; .软土地层土压平衡盾构施工参数的模型试验研究.土木工程学报.2007,(第09期),87-94. * |
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