CN106768505A - A kind of method of Q245R materials Non-Destructive Testing stress - Google Patents
A kind of method of Q245R materials Non-Destructive Testing stress Download PDFInfo
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- CN106768505A CN106768505A CN201611138762.3A CN201611138762A CN106768505A CN 106768505 A CN106768505 A CN 106768505A CN 201611138762 A CN201611138762 A CN 201611138762A CN 106768505 A CN106768505 A CN 106768505A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/12—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in the magnetic properties of materials resulting from the application of stress
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of method of Q245R materials Non-Destructive Testing stress, it is brought into the different formulas under different conditions by the coercivity value of the equipment under test for measuring, the stress value that can be born in the hope of equipment under test.The present invention can realize accurate, the quantitative determination to Q245R material stress states；The present invention is high according to the characteristic of Q245R material magnetizations and the Magnetic Memory parameter testing degree of accuracy, and experiment can be repeated, convenient to review；The present invention can carry out quick nondestructive live Non-Destructive Testing to Q245R materials institute's production equipment and pipeline, and characterization processes are easy and effective, less demanding to equipment surface situation, save inspection cost.The load situation that the clear and definite pipeline of the present invention and equipment etc. are born, prevention cooperates with the generation of relevant accident with stress, reduces enterprises' loss, and social benefit is obvious.
Description
Technical field
A kind of method the present invention relates to detect stress, and in particular to method of Q245R materials Non-Destructive Testing stress.
Background technology
Q245R as carbon constructional quality steel, due to simple, cheap, good mechanical properties of manufacturing process etc.
Feature and be widely used.In the fabrication process, by different heat treatment, its internal organizational structure can change steel,
Can also change along with physical property and mechanical property while change.During use, due to being made by various different loads
With local stress may be up to the several times even decades of times of nominal stress in material, easily produce dislocation and sliding deformation, induce
Crackle, causes the quickening of creep, fatigue and corrosion rate, so as to improve the possibility of material failure.
Substantial amounts of destructive accident is caused by the synergy of stress.According to statistics, by the end of the end of the year 2014, China is special
The total amount of the equipment of kind is up to 1036.46 ten thousand, the rising 10.63% compared with 2013.2014, the special type that the country occurs set
Standby accident statistics totally 283, number of injured people amounts to increase by 56, and ratio rises 20.44%.Therefore, to bearing device and pipeline
Implement stress monitoring most important.
The conventional stress mornitoring method of ferrous materials typically has three kinds:Damage stress mornitoring, conventional nondestructive stress measurement detection with
And magnetic-couple of force combined stress detection.
Damage in stress mornitoring method, the accuracy of detection of skiving area-method is high, but its operation is relative complex；The essence of orifice method
Degree is also of a relatively high, but as destructive detection method, should not be used in on-line monitoring.
Conventional nondestructive stress measurement detection method have X-ray diffraction method, Resistance Strain Gages Method, photoelastic method, fibre grating method and
Supercritical ultrasonics technology.X-ray diffraction method is applied to the stress distribution situation at the relatively thin component of measurement and crack tip, can measure structure
Stress and residual stress in part, but influence the factor of its accuracy of detection to have a lot, the grain size of such as material, ray ripple
Length, metering system, surface of test piece disposition etc., only measurable to tens microns of depth, to detection environmental requirement relatively
It is high.The measuring accuracy of strain ga(u)ge is high and is quick on the draw, and easily realizes numeral and automatic measurement, is convenient for wireless prison
Survey；But each foil gauge may only measure material surface, and some puts the dependent variable on single or multiple directions, it is impossible to real
Now move freely, and component must be polished into metallic luster during measurement makes it be in contact with foil gauge, dynamic on-line checking phase
To difficulty.Photoelastic method is only applicable to the testing of materials of photoelastic property.Fiber grating rule is entered using fiber-optic grating sensor
Row detection transmission, advantage is sensitivity high, compact structure, electromagnetic interference is not received, optical fiber sensing network etc. is easily constituted, in oil electricity
Apply relatively broad in the industries such as power, but in actual applications, the demodulation mode based on wavelength is difficult temperature detection and strain
Distinguish, cross sensitivity problem can be produced between temperature and strain, because fibre core is too thin easily broken during installation, while also to solve dynamic with
The test problems that static state is combined.Supercritical ultrasonics technology detection material in ultrasonic propagation speed so as to obtain indirectly its surface stress and
Internal stress, and instrument is light, time of measuring is shorter, but the detection to two-dimensional stress is still lacked experience.
Magnetic couple method using magnetism of material feature calculated with the corresponding relation of stress material internal stress intensity and
Direction.Magnetosonic launches (MAE) technology and Barkhausen effects noise (BN) technology and has been applied to stress after heat treatment at present
Stress, the component that distribution or instant of detonation are produced under arms when the detection of stress changes etc., so as to predict the safe longevity of component
Life.But MAE technologies and BN technologies only analyze ferromagnetic material magnetic domain volume to be influenceed by stress, for dislocation to magnetic domain wall movement
The influence for causing does not carry out technical Analysis.And as the Changing Pattern of the change magnetic characteristic signal of stress is relative complex.Detection
When need couplant, be relatively difficult to for non-contacting on-line checking.Literary celery etc. is to based on counter magnetostriction effect
Sensor is analyzed, by the compression test to Q235 steel, it was demonstrated that detect that residual stress is feasible with this.Using measurement
The change of ferromagnetic component magnetic conductivity under external force can calculate direction and its size of stress.Late 1990s, Russia
Ross correlation scholar proposes metal stresses concentration zones-micro-variations-Metal magnetic memory in International Welding academic conference
Related theory, forms metal magnetic memory detection technology.Pertinent literature shows, ferromagnetic materials surface Distribution of Magnetic Field and material internal
Stress distribution there is certain corresponding relation, detect that its Surface field can reflect the stress distribution situation of component.
Q245R materials can bear various complex situations load during chemical plant, power plant use, and traditional stress is surveyed
Amount method is high to equipment and pipe surface requirement, it is necessary to the even polishing that polish, it is impossible to find that stress concentration is seriously located,
Characterization processes are complicated and result reproducibility is inadequate.Cannot accomplish that the online quick integrated stress state to equipment is commented simultaneously
Valency.
The content of the invention
Regarding to the issue above, the present invention provides a kind of method of Q245R materials Non-Destructive Testing stress, and the method is by simulation
Stress when equipment is used at the scene, the Surface field and magnetic of Q245R materials under test different heat treatment and faulted condition
Change characteristic parameter, summary and induction goes out a kind of lossless detection method that can be used for the monitoring of field apparatus stress state.
The technical scheme that the present invention takes is：A kind of method of Q245R materials Non-Destructive Testing stress, comprises the following steps：
S1, the probe to Magnetic memory testing equipment are configured；
S2, using Magnetic memory testing equipment to equipment in use entirety outer surface carry out magnetic signature scanning；
S3, by scanning, contrast without material surface measurement of magnetic field parameter, magnetic field intensity and Grad at deformation, find number
According to obvious Surface field maximum of intensity is changed, measurement draws stress concentration position, stress concentrated position is entered with marking pen
Rower is noted；
S4, different direction of magnetization tests are carried out to equipment in use stress concentration position using magnetizing equipment, obtain testing number
The maximum of value is coercivity value；
S5, the mathematical function relationship formula that the coercivity value for obtaining is brought under different heat treatment state or defect state, meter
Calculate the stress value that equipment in use bears；
Described condition of heat treatment is delivery state or annealed state or 250 DEG C of timeliness or 350 DEG C of timeliness；
Described sunken state is corrosion state or diameter 1.5mm drills through aperture or side breach or diameter 4mm does not drill through aperture
Or the state corresponding to crackle.
Mathematical function relationship formula under described different heat treatment state or defect state is：
Delivery state：
Annealed state：
250 DEG C of timeliness：
350 DEG C of timeliness：
Corrosion state：Hc ＜ 380A/m
Diameter 1.5mm drills through aperture：
Side breach：
Diameter 4mm does not drill through aperture：
Crackle：
Wherein, σ is stress, and unit is MPa；Hc is coercivity, and unit is A/m, and unit calibration factor is omitted in formula.
When the present invention is configured to the probe of Magnetic memory testing equipment, selection offsets external magnetic field using backward channel
Influence.
Why the present invention selects coercivity as the stress characterization value of equipment because coercivity amplitude of variation greatly, compares
Sensitivity, final test is relatively accurate.
In the present invention, stress test set direction is stress maximum direction, and analysis method is two direction vertical checkout methods.
Using the present invention, it is possible to achieve to accurate, the quantitative determination of Q245R material stress states；The present invention is according to Q245R
The characteristic of material magnetization and the Magnetic Memory parameter testing degree of accuracy are high, and experiment can be repeated, convenient to review；The present invention can be right
Q245R materials institute's production equipment and pipeline carry out quick nondestructive live Non-Destructive Testing, and characterization processes are easy and effective, pair set
Standby surface appearance is less demanding, saves inspection cost.The load situation that the clear and definite pipeline of the present invention and equipment etc. are born, prevention with
Stress cooperates with the generation of relevant accident, reduces enterprises' loss, and social benefit is obvious.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment one：
Sample material is Q245R, and state is the rolled in delivery state.Choosing sample centre carries out magnetization measurement.
Formula under corresponding delivery state：
Embodiment two：
Sample material is Q245R, and state is annealed state.Choosing sample centre carries out magnetization measurement.
Formula under corresponding annealed state：
Embodiment three：
Sample material is Q245R, and state is 250 DEG C of timeliness.Choosing sample centre carries out magnetization measurement.
Formula under 250 DEG C of corresponding timeliness：
Example IV：
Sample material is Q245R, and state is 350 DEG C of timeliness.Choosing sample centre carries out magnetization measurement.
Formula under 350 DEG C of corresponding timeliness：
Embodiment five：
Sample material is Q245R, and state is corrosion state.The corrosion location for choosing sample carries out magnetization measurement.
Formula under corresponding corrosion state：Hc ＜ 380A/m
Embodiment six：
Sample material is Q245R, and state drills through aperture for diameter 1.5mm.The aperture part beside for choosing sample carries out magnetic
Change measurement.
Corresponding diameter 1.5mm drills through the formula under aperture：
Embodiment seven：
Sample material is Q245R, and state is side breach.The breach part beside for choosing sample carries out magnetization measurement.
Formula under corresponding side breach：
Embodiment eight：
Sample material is Q245R, and state does not drill through aperture for diameter 4mm.The aperture back side position for choosing sample carries out magnetic
Change measurement.
Corresponding diameter 4mm does not drill through the formula under aperture：
Embodiment nine：
Sample material is Q245R, and state is crackle.The crackle back side position for choosing sample carries out magnetization measurement.
Formula under corresponding crackle：
Claims (2)
1. a kind of method of Q245R materials Non-Destructive Testing stress, it is characterised in that：Comprise the following steps：
S1, the probe to Magnetic memory testing equipment are configured；
S2, using Magnetic memory testing equipment to equipment in use entirety outer surface carry out magnetic signature scanning；
S3, by scanning, contrast without material surface measurement of magnetic field parameter, magnetic field intensity and Grad at deformation, find data change
Change obvious Surface field maximum of intensity, measurement draws stress concentration position, rower is entered to stress concentrated position with marking pen
Note；
S4, different direction of magnetization tests are carried out to equipment in use stress concentration position using magnetizing equipment, obtain test number
Maximum is coercivity value；
S5, the mathematical function relationship formula that the coercivity value for obtaining is brought under different heat treatment state or defect state, calculate
The stress value that equipment in use bears；
Described condition of heat treatment is delivery state or or annealed state or 250 DEG C of timeliness or 350 DEG C of timeliness；
Described delivery state is divided into normalizing state and rolled；
Described sunken state is corrosion state or diameter 1.5mm drills through aperture or side breach or diameter 4mm does not drill through aperture or splits
State corresponding to line.
2. the method for a kind of Q245R materials Non-Destructive Testing stress according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described not
It is with the stress test mathematical function relationship formula under condition of heat treatment or defect state：
Delivery state：
Annealed state：
250 DEG C of timeliness：
350 DEG C of timeliness：
Corrosion state：
Diameter 1.5mm drills through aperture：
Side breach：
Diameter 4mm does not drill through aperture：
Crackle：
Wherein, σ is stress, and unit is MPa；Hc is coercivity, and unit is A/m, and unit calibration factor is omitted in formula.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109870257A (en) * | 2017-12-04 | 2019-06-11 | 北京有色金属研究总院 | A kind of plate thickness direction quenched residual stress distribution forecasting method |
| CN111158058A (en) * | 2018-11-08 | 2020-05-15 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Metal abandoned well detection method based on geomagnetic memory |
| CN113203509A (en) * | 2021-05-21 | 2021-08-03 | 南京钢铁股份有限公司 | Method for testing residual stress of steel thin welding plate with narrow welding line characteristic |
| CN113218541A (en) * | 2021-05-08 | 2021-08-06 | 西南石油大学 | Stress detection method for large-caliber high-steel-grade mountain pipeline |
| CN113340981A (en) * | 2021-06-29 | 2021-09-03 | 广东石油化工学院 | Method for judging stress corrosion cracking tendency and predicting threat degree of inconel based on magnetic signal |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109870257A (en) * | 2017-12-04 | 2019-06-11 | 北京有色金属研究总院 | A kind of plate thickness direction quenched residual stress distribution forecasting method |
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| CN113218541A (en) * | 2021-05-08 | 2021-08-06 | 西南石油大学 | Stress detection method for large-caliber high-steel-grade mountain pipeline |
| CN113218541B (en) * | 2021-05-08 | 2022-02-01 | 西南石油大学 | Stress detection method for large-caliber high-steel-grade mountain pipeline |
| CN113203509A (en) * | 2021-05-21 | 2021-08-03 | 南京钢铁股份有限公司 | Method for testing residual stress of steel thin welding plate with narrow welding line characteristic |
| CN113340981A (en) * | 2021-06-29 | 2021-09-03 | 广东石油化工学院 | Method for judging stress corrosion cracking tendency and predicting threat degree of inconel based on magnetic signal |
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Application publication date: 20170531 |