CN106759552B - A kind of simulation calcareous sand ground piling process Particle Breakage pilot model apparatus and its test method - Google Patents

A kind of simulation calcareous sand ground piling process Particle Breakage pilot model apparatus and its test method Download PDF

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CN106759552B
CN106759552B CN201710052465.5A CN201710052465A CN106759552B CN 106759552 B CN106759552 B CN 106759552B CN 201710052465 A CN201710052465 A CN 201710052465A CN 106759552 B CN106759552 B CN 106759552B
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pile
soil sample
model
soil
chamber
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CN106759552A (en
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肖鹏
肖杨
向佳
冉进瑜
何想
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Chongqing University
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D33/00—Testing foundations or foundation structures

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
  • Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
  • Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)

Abstract

发明提供一种模拟钙质砂地基打桩过程颗粒破碎试验模型装置及其试验方法。该装置包括冻融模型箱、制冷循环仪、沉桩加载装置和反力架。冻融模型箱包括冷冻室和土样室。土样室通过螺栓固定在冷冻室内部。使用该装置的试验方法包括模型箱装样、沉桩加载、土样冷冻、取样解冻和参数分析等步骤。本发明可以模拟钙质砂地基在沉桩挤土或打桩过程桩底和桩周土体的颗粒破碎过程，并且很好的获得桩周土样，可以研究钙质砂土受到挤土效应后的颗粒破碎、密度变化、级配演化等规律。

The invention provides a particle breakage test model device and a test method for simulating the piling process of calcareous sand foundation. The device includes a freeze-thaw model box, a refrigeration cycler, a pile loading device and a counter force frame. The freeze-thaw model box includes a freezer chamber and a soil sample chamber. The soil sample chamber is fixed inside the freezing chamber by bolts. The test method using the device includes the steps of model box sample loading, pile sinking loading, soil sample freezing, sampling thawing and parameter analysis. The invention can simulate the particle breakage process of the pile bottom and the soil around the pile in the calcareous sand foundation during the pile driving or pile driving process, and can obtain the soil samples around the pile very well, and can study the calcareous sand after being subjected to the soil squeezing effect Particle breakage, density change, gradation evolution and other laws.

Description

A kind of simulation calcareous sand ground piling process Particle Breakage pilot model apparatus and its examination Proved recipe method
Technical field
The present invention relates to civil engineering experimental technique field more particularly to a kind of simulation calcareous sand ground piling process particles Crushing test model equipment and its test method.
Background technique
China is just built at the Efforts To Develop South Sea, actively realizes the strategic objective of " construction ocean power ", and calcareous sand is A kind of subsoil soil being distributed widely in China South Sea region, it is by a kind of marine organisms origin cause of formation, internal porous gap, shape Therefore irregular Special Rock medium helps speed up the process of South Sea construction to the research of calcareous sand, have very great Strategic importance.Pile foundation is common method for processing foundation in engineering construction, with bearing capacity height, convenient, cost of constructing Low series of advantages.However due to calcareous sand itself have easily occur Particle Breakage characteristic, South Sea calcareous sand area into Row pile foundation engineering construction, especially during prefabricated pile is driven piles, since Impact Load or soil compaction effect make stake all Particle Breakage occurs for the soil body, and the Particle Breakage of the soil body will change the gradation of the soil body, the compactness of the soil body, to further influence stake Therefore the bearing capacity of base measures the Particle Breakage situation of prefabricated pile pile peripheral earth during piling in calcareous sand ground to grinding The bearing capacity of pile foundation for studying carefully calcareous sand ground has very important significance, and to the stress test of stake Soil Interface in existing research It studies less, Particle Breakage caused by pile-soil interaction is more studied without special experimental rig.Therefore, empty to fill up this It is white, it develops a kind of simulation calcareous sand ground piling process Particle Breakage pilot model apparatus and test method becomes and do not allow at a quarter Slow work.
Summary of the invention
Present invention aim to address can not measure prefabricated pile in piling process in the pile foundation process of construction of calcareous sand ground The problem of pile peripheral earth Particle Breakage situation, provides a kind of simulation calcareous sand ground piling process Particle Breakage pilot model apparatus And test method.
To realize the present invention purpose and the technical solution adopted is that such, a kind of simulation calcareous sand ground is driven piles process Grain crushing test model equipment, including the reaction frame and freeze thawing model casing being fixed on experimental bench.
The lower surface of the reaction frame top cross-bar is provided with pile sinking loading device.Pile sinking loading device lower end can be with Model Pile is connected, and Model Pile is driven to move along longitudinal direction.Temperature sensor is provided in the Model Pile.
The freeze thawing model casing is arranged in area of reaction frame test center.The freeze thawing model casing includes freezing chamber and soil sample Room.
The soil sample chamber is the rectangular box of upper end opening.The soil sample chamber is made of metal thermal conductive material.The soil sample Temperature sensor is equipped on room bottom and inner wall.The freezing chamber is the rectangular box with top cover.The freezing chamber by every Hot material is made.
The soil sample chamber is arranged in the inner cavity of freezing chamber.The soil sample chamber bottom is fixedly connected with freezing chamber bottom.Institute It states and forms space S between freezing chamber and soil sample chamber.Freezing liquid is marked in the space S.The freezing chamber passes through metal cooling-pipe It is connected to refrigeration cycle instrument.When test, freezing liquid circulates between space S and refrigeration cycle instrument.
A kind of simulation calcareous sand ground piling process Particle Breakage pilot model apparatus, which is characterized in that including being fixed on Reaction frame and freeze thawing model casing on experimental bench.
The lower surface of the reaction frame top cross-bar is provided with pile sinking loading device.Pile sinking loading device lower end can be with Model Pile is connected, and Model Pile is driven to move along longitudinal direction.Temperature sensor is provided in the Model Pile.
The freeze thawing model casing is arranged in area of reaction frame test center.The freeze thawing model casing includes freezing chamber and soil sample Room.
The soil sample chamber is upper end opening and interior hollow staving.The soil sample chamber is made of metal thermal conductive material.It is described Temperature sensor is equipped on soil sample chamber bottom and inner wall.The freezing chamber is the hollow staving with top cover.The freezing chamber It is made of heat-barrier material.
The soil sample chamber is arranged in the inner cavity of freezing chamber.The soil sample chamber bottom is fixedly connected with freezing chamber bottom.Institute It states and forms space S between freezing chamber and soil sample chamber.Freezing liquid is marked in the space S.The freezing chamber passes through metal cooling-pipe It is connected to refrigeration cycle instrument.When test, freezing liquid circulates between space S and refrigeration cycle instrument.
Further, the pile sinking loading device includes electric loading system device, drive rod and Model Pile erecting bed.Wherein, institute It states drive rod to be arranged below electric loading system device, Model Pile erecting bed is arranged in drive rod lower end.The Model Pile erecting bed It is upper that there is air level.Model Pile erecting bed lower surface has fixed screw-cap.When test, Model Pile is inserted into fixed screw-cap In reserved model stake holes, and it is fixed on Model Pile erecting bed by tightening bolt.Electric loading system device drives drive rod edge Longitudinal movement then drives Model Pile movement.
Further, the stake diameter of the Model Pile is 10mm~30mm, and length is 100~300mm；The refrigeration cycle instrument Temperature-control range is between -20 DEG C~80 DEG C.
Further, the length of the soil sample chamber is a, width b, is highly c, wall thickness d.Wherein, a=400~ 600mm, b=400~600mm, c=500~700mm, d=5~10mm.The freezing chamber length is 900mm, and width is 900mmmm is highly 800mm, wall thickness 10mm.
Further, the soil sample chamber and freezing chamber bottom corresponding position reserve screw hole.The soil sample chamber and freezing chamber pass through Bolt is fixedly connected.
Invention additionally discloses a kind of about above-mentioned simulation calcareous sand ground piling process Particle Breakage pilot model apparatus Test method, comprising the following steps:
1) it with preparation calcareous sand and is uniformly mixed according to predetermined level.
2) calcareous sand soil sample is packed into soil sample chamber using sand rain method, and suitable water is poured into according to required saturation degree and is formed Calcareous sand soil layer.Wherein, the packed height of calcareous sand soil sample is 300~500mm.
3) model pile verticality is adjusted, Model Pile is fixed on pile sinking loading device lower end.
4) Model Pile is pressed into calcareous sand soil layer set depth as requested by start-up loading device.
5) cover board for covering freezing chamber sets refrigeration cycle instrument temperature as -10 DEG C, and starting refrigeration cycle instrument is until soil sample chamber Setting value is stabilized to the temperature sensor temperature in Model Pile.
6) refrigeration cycle instrument is closed, the cover board of freezing chamber is opened, the calcium of piles with different diameter and stake bottom range is taken out with soil sampler Matter sand sample measures the volume and quality of soil sample, and soil sample is then put into baking oven at 60 DEG C and is toasted 24 hours.
7) after soil sample drying, separating tests are carried out by oscillating sieving machine, can be obtained calcareous sand at piles with different diameter point Curve.
Further, the soil sampler is rectangular soil sampler.The rectangular soil sampler is the hollow rectangular of upper and lower side opening Body.This cuboid grows 20~150mm, wide 20~150mm, high 100~600mm.The hollow cuboid upper and lower side open-mouth All have sharp metal cutter.
Further, the soil sampler is round soil sampler.The circle soil sampler is the open hollow circuit cylinder of upper and lower side Body.The internal diameter of this hollow cylinder is 39.1~50.1mm, is highly 80~100mm.The hollow cylinder upper and lower side is spacious Sharp metal cutter is all had at mouthful.
The solution have the advantages that unquestionable:
A. this model equipment can be very good to simulate the piling process of prefabricated pile in calcareous Flooding in Borehole pile foundation engineering, pass through system SAPMAC method instrument freezes soil sample to obtaining complete calcareous sand soil sample, is subjected to pile foundation treated that particle is broken to study calcareous Flooding in Borehole Broken situation, gradation develops and variable density, effective solution calcareous sand ground piling pile week and stake the ground soil body Experimental study on particle breakage problem；
B. this model equipment can be used cooperatively different soil samplers, can be very good to obtain the calcareous sand at piles with different diameter Sample, to preferably study the Particle Breakage of calcareous Flooding in Borehole with the situation of change of stake diameter；
C. this model equipment simulates different compactness, different saturation calcareous sand ground, different-diameter, difference as needed Pile-type and different pile sinking loading speeds can be provided, applicability is wide.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is model equipment structural schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is freeze thawing model casing operation schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is freeze thawing mold box configuration schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 is heavy dress loading device structural schematic diagram；
Fig. 5 is rectangular sampler structure schematic diagram；
Fig. 6 is round sampler structure schematic diagram.
In figure: space S, freezing chamber 1, top cover 101, soil sample chamber 2, calcareous sand soil layer 3, soil sampler 4, Model Pile 5, freezing liquid 7, pile sinking loading device 8, electric loading system device 801, drive rod 802, Model Pile erecting bed 803, air level 8031, fixed spiral Cap 8032, reaction frame 9, refrigeration cycle instrument 10, experimental bench 11, metal cooling-pipe 12.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to embodiment, the invention will be further described, but should not be construed the above-mentioned subject area of the present invention only It is limited to following embodiments.Without departing from the idea case in the present invention described above, according to ordinary skill knowledge and used With means, various replacements and change are made, should all include within the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1:
The present embodiment provides a kind of simulation calcareous sand ground piling process Particle Breakage pilot model apparatus, including are fixed on Reaction frame 9 and freeze thawing model casing on experimental bench 11.
Referring to Fig. 1, the lower surface of 9 top cross-bar of reaction frame is provided with pile sinking loading device 8.The pile sinking load dress Setting 8 lower ends can be connected with Model Pile 5, and Model Pile 5 is driven to move along longitudinal direction.The pile sinking loading device 8 can provide constant add Rate and constant pressure are carried, with simulation knocking pile sinking and static pressure pile-sinking.Temperature sensor is provided in the Model Pile 5.
The freeze thawing model casing is arranged in 9 area of test center of reaction frame, i.e. freeze thawing model casing is placed on pile sinking loading device 8 Lower section, and freeze thawing model casing is aligned with 8 center of pile sinking loading device.The freeze thawing model casing includes freezing chamber 1 and soil sample chamber 2。
Referring to figs. 2 and 3, the soil sample chamber 2 is upper end opening and interior hollow rectangular box.The soil sample chamber 2 is by gold Belong to Heat Conduction Material to be made.Temperature sensor is equipped on 2 bottom of soil sample chamber and inner wall.The freezing chamber 1 is with top cover 101 hollow, rectangular cabinet.The freezing chamber 1 is made of heat-barrier material.
The soil sample chamber 2 is arranged in the inner cavity of freezing chamber 1.The soil sample chamber 2 and 1 bottom corresponding position of freezing chamber are reserved Screw hole.The soil sample chamber 2 and freezing chamber 1 are bolted to connection.Space S is formed between the freezing chamber 1 and soil sample chamber 2. Freezing liquid 7 is marked in the space S.The freezing chamber 1 is connected to by metal cooling-pipe 12 with refrigeration cycle instrument 10.When test, Freezing liquid 7 circulates between space S and refrigeration cycle instrument 10, freezes cooling capacity to provide in space S.
Embodiment 2:
The present embodiment provides a kind of simulation calcareous sand ground piling process Particle Breakage pilot model apparatus, including are fixed on Reaction frame 9 and freeze thawing model casing on experimental bench 11.
The lower surface of 9 top cross-bar of reaction frame is provided with pile sinking loading device 8.8 lower end of pile sinking loading device It can be connected with Model Pile 5, Model Pile 5 is driven to move along longitudinal direction.The pile sinking loading device 8 can provide constant loading speed and Constant pressure, with simulation knocking pile sinking and static pressure pile-sinking.Temperature sensor is provided in the Model Pile 5.
The freeze thawing model casing is arranged in 9 area of test center of reaction frame, i.e. freeze thawing model casing is placed on pile sinking loading device 8 Lower section, and freeze thawing model casing is aligned with 8 center of pile sinking loading device.The freeze thawing model casing includes freezing chamber 1 and soil sample chamber 2。
The soil sample chamber 2 is upper end opening and interior hollow staving.The soil sample chamber 2 is made of metal thermal conductive material.Institute It states and is equipped with temperature sensor on 2 bottom of soil sample chamber and inner wall.The freezing chamber 1 is the hollow staving with top cover 101.It is described Freezing chamber 1 is made of heat-barrier material.
The soil sample chamber 2 is arranged in the inner cavity of freezing chamber 1.The soil sample chamber 2 and 1 bottom corresponding position of freezing chamber are reserved Screw hole.The soil sample chamber 2 and freezing chamber 1 are bolted to connection.Space S is formed between the freezing chamber 1 and soil sample chamber 2. Freezing liquid 7 is marked in the space S.The freezing chamber 1 is connected to by metal cooling-pipe 12 with refrigeration cycle instrument 10.When test, Freezing liquid 7 circulates between space S and refrigeration cycle instrument 10, freezes cooling capacity to provide in space S.
Embodiment 3:
The present embodiment provides a kind of simulation calcareous sand ground piling process Particle Breakage pilot model apparatus, including are fixed on Reaction frame 9 and freeze thawing model casing on experimental bench 11.
Referring to Fig. 1, the lower surface of 9 top cross-bar of reaction frame is provided with pile sinking loading device 8.
Referring to fig. 4, the pile sinking loading device 8 includes electric loading system device 801, drive rod 802 and Model Pile erecting bed 803.Wherein, the drive rod 802 is arranged below electric loading system device 801, and Model Pile erecting bed 803 is arranged in drive rod 802 lower ends.The electric loading system device is that stress-strain controls formula, it is possible to provide constant loading speed and constant pressure, with Simulation knocking pile sinking and static pressure pile-sinking.803 lower surface of Model Pile erecting bed has fixed screw-cap 8032.Model Pile 5 is inserted Enter in the reserved model stake holes of fixed screw-cap 8032, and is fixed on Model Pile erecting bed 803 by tightening bolt.The mould Also there is air level 8031, to guarantee the verticality of Model Pile pile sinking on type stake erecting bed 803.The stake diameter of the Model Pile 5 is 10mm, length 100mm.Temperature sensor is provided in the Model Pile 5.When test, the driving transmission of electric loading system device 801 Bar 802 moves along longitudinal direction, then Model Pile 5 is driven to move along longitudinal direction.
The freeze thawing model casing is arranged in 9 area of test center of reaction frame, i.e. freeze thawing model casing is placed on pile sinking loading device 8 Lower section, and freeze thawing model casing is aligned with 8 center of pile sinking loading device.The freeze thawing model casing includes freezing chamber 1 and soil sample chamber 2。
Referring to figs. 2 and 3, the soil sample chamber 2 is the rectangular box of upper end opening.The soil sample chamber 2 is by metal heat-conducting material Material is made.Temperature sensor is equipped on 2 bottom of soil sample chamber and inner wall.The freezing chamber 1 is the rectangle with top cover 101 Cabinet.The freezing chamber 1 is made of heat-barrier material.
The soil sample chamber 2 is arranged in the inner cavity of freezing chamber 1.The fixed company in 2 bottom of soil sample chamber and 1 bottom of freezing chamber It connects.Space S is formed between the freezing chamber 1 and soil sample chamber 2.Freezing liquid 7 is marked in the space S.The freezing chamber 1 passes through gold Belong to cooling tube 12 to be connected to refrigeration cycle instrument 10.When test, freezing liquid 7 circulates between space S and refrigeration cycle instrument 10, Freeze cooling capacity to provide in space S.
It is worth noting that it is highly 600mm that the length of soil sample chamber 2, which is 500mm, width 400mm, in the present embodiment, Wall thickness is 10mm.1 length of freezing chamber is 900mm, width 900mmmm, is highly 800mm, wall thickness 10mm.Refrigeration cycle instrument 10 temperature-control range is between -20 DEG C~80 DEG C.
Embodiment 4:
The present embodiment discloses a kind of about the simulation calcareous sand ground piling process Particle Breakage test of embodiment 1 or 2 The test method of model equipment, comprising the following steps:
1) it with preparation calcareous sand and is uniformly mixed according to predetermined level.
2) calcareous sand soil sample is packed into soil sample chamber 2 using sand rain method, and suitable water shape is poured into according to required saturation degree At calcareous sand soil layer 3.Wherein, the packed height of calcareous sand soil sample 3 is 300~500mm.
3) Model Pile 5, is fixed on the lower end of pile sinking loading device 8 by the verticality for adjusting Model Pile 5.
4) Model Pile 5 is pressed into 3 set depth of calcareous sand soil layer as requested by start-up loading device.
5) cover board 101 for covering freezing chamber 1 sets refrigeration cycle instrument temperature as -10 DEG C, and starting refrigeration cycle instrument is until soil Temperature sensor temperature in specimen chamber 2 and Model Pile 5 is stabilized to setting value.
6) refrigeration cycle instrument is closed, the cover board of freezing chamber 1 is opened, takes out piles with different diameter and stake bottom range with soil sampler 4 Calcareous sand soil sample measures the volume and quality of soil sample, and soil sample is then put into baking oven at 60 DEG C and is toasted 24 hours.Wherein, institute Stating soil sampler 4 is rectangular soil sampler.Referring to Fig. 6, the rectangular soil sampler is the open hollow cuboid of upper and lower side.This length Cube long 100mm, wide 70mm, high 200mm.The hollow cuboid upper and lower side open-mouth all has sharp metal cutter.
7) after soil sample drying, separating tests are carried out by oscillating sieving machine, can be obtained calcareous sand at piles with different diameter point Curve.
Embodiment 5:
The present embodiment discloses a kind of about the simulation calcareous sand ground piling process Particle Breakage test of embodiment 1 or 2 The test method of model equipment, comprising the following steps:
1) it with preparation calcareous sand and is uniformly mixed according to predetermined level.
2) calcareous sand soil sample is packed into soil sample chamber 2 using sand rain method, and suitable water shape is poured into according to required saturation degree At calcareous sand soil layer 3.Wherein, the packed height of calcareous sand soil sample 3 is 300~500mm.
3) Model Pile 5, is fixed on the lower end of pile sinking loading device 8 by the verticality for adjusting Model Pile 5.
4) Model Pile 5 is pressed into 3 set depth of calcareous sand soil layer as requested by start-up loading device.
5) cover board 101 for covering freezing chamber 1 sets refrigeration cycle instrument temperature as -10 DEG C, and starting refrigeration cycle instrument is until soil Temperature sensor temperature in specimen chamber 2 and Model Pile 5 is stabilized to setting value.
6) refrigeration cycle instrument is closed, the cover board of freezing chamber 1 is opened, takes out piles with different diameter and stake bottom range with soil sampler 4 Calcareous sand soil sample measures the volume and quality of soil sample, and soil sample is then put into baking oven at 60 DEG C and is toasted 24 hours.Wherein, institute Soil sampler is stated as round soil sampler.Referring to Fig. 5, the circle soil sampler is the open hollow cylinder of upper and lower side.In this The internal diameter of hollow cylinder is 39.1mm, is highly 80mm.The hollow cylinder upper and lower side open-mouth all has sharp metal Cutter.
7) after soil sample drying, separating tests are carried out by oscillating sieving machine, can be obtained calcareous sand at piles with different diameter point Curve.
Embodiment 6:
The present embodiment discloses one kind simulation calcareous sand ground piling process Particle Breakage test model described in embodiment 3 The test method of device, comprising the following steps:
1) it with preparation calcareous sand and is uniformly mixed according to predetermined level.
2) calcareous sand soil sample is packed into soil sample chamber 2 using sand rain method, and suitable water shape is poured into according to required saturation degree At calcareous sand soil layer 3.Wherein, the packed height of calcareous sand soil sample 3 is 300~500mm.
3) Model Pile 5 is inserted into the preformed hole of 8 lower end screw-cap 6 of pile sinking loading device, after adjusting 5 verticality of Model Pile It is by bolt that Model Pile 5 is fixed.
4) Model Pile 5 is pressed into 3 set depth of calcareous sand soil layer as requested by start-up loading device.
5) cover board 101 for covering freezing chamber 1 sets refrigeration cycle instrument temperature as -10 DEG C, and starting refrigeration cycle instrument is until soil Temperature sensor temperature in specimen chamber 2 and Model Pile 5 is stabilized to setting value.
6) refrigeration cycle instrument is closed, the cover board of freezing chamber 1 is opened, takes out piles with different diameter and stake bottom range with soil sampler 4 Calcareous sand soil sample measures the volume and quality of soil sample, and soil sample is then put into baking oven at 60 DEG C and is toasted 24 hours.
7) after soil sample drying, separating tests are carried out by oscillating sieving machine, can be obtained calcareous sand at piles with different diameter point Curve.

Claims (9)

1.一种模拟钙质砂地基打桩过程颗粒破碎试验模型装置，其特征在于，包括固定在实验台(11)上的反力架(9)和冻融模型箱；1. A particle crushing test model device for simulating calcareous sand foundation piling process, is characterized in that, comprises the reaction force frame (9) and freeze-thaw model box that are fixed on the test bench (11); 所述反力架(9)顶部横梁的下表面设置有沉桩加载装置(8)；所述沉桩加载装置(8)下端可与模型桩(5)相连，带动模型桩(5)沿纵向运动；所述模型桩(5)中设置有温度传感器；The lower surface of the top beam of the reaction frame (9) is provided with a pile loading device (8); the lower end of the pile loading device (8) can be connected with the model pile (5), driving the model pile (5) along the longitudinal direction Movement; the model pile (5) is provided with a temperature sensor; 所述冻融模型箱布置在反力架(9)测试中心区；所述冻融模型箱包括冷冻室(1)和土样室(2)；The freeze-thaw model box is arranged in the test center area of the reaction force frame (9); the freeze-thaw model box includes a freezer chamber (1) and a soil sample chamber (2); 所述土样室(2)为上端敞口的矩形箱体；所述土样室(2)由金属导热材料制成；所述土样室(2)底部和内壁上均设有温度传感器；所述冷冻室(1)为带有顶盖(101)的矩形箱体；所述冷冻室(1)由隔热材料制成；The soil sample chamber (2) is a rectangular box with an open upper end; the soil sample chamber (2) is made of metal heat-conducting material; the bottom and the inner wall of the soil sample chamber (2) are provided with temperature sensors; The freezing chamber (1) is a rectangular box with a top cover (101); the freezing chamber (1) is made of heat insulating material; 所述土样室(2)布置在冷冻室(1)的内腔中；所述土样室(2)底部与冷冻室(1)底部固定连接；所述冷冻室(1)和土样室(2)之间形成空间(S)；所述空间(S)中注有冷冻液(7)；所述冷冻室(1)通过金属冷却管(12)与制冷循环仪(10)连通；试验时，冷冻液(7)在空间(S)和制冷循环仪(10)之间循环流动。The soil sample chamber (2) is arranged in the inner cavity of the freezing chamber (1); the bottom of the soil sample chamber (2) is fixedly connected with the bottom of the freezing chamber (1); the freezing chamber (1) and the soil sample chamber (2) form space (S) between; In described space (S), be injected with refrigerated liquid (7); Described freezer (1) is communicated with refrigerating cycler (10) by metal cooling pipe (12); Test , the refrigerant (7) circulates between the space (S) and the refrigeration cycler (10). 2.一种模拟钙质砂地基打桩过程颗粒破碎试验模型装置，其特征在于，包括固定在实验台(11)上的反力架(9)和冻融模型箱；2. A particle crushing test model device for simulating calcareous sand foundation piling process, is characterized in that, comprises the reaction force frame (9) and freeze-thaw model box that are fixed on the test platform (11); 所述反力架(9)顶部横梁的下表面设置有沉桩加载装置(8)；所述沉桩加载装置(8)下端可与模型桩(5)相连，带动模型桩(5)沿纵向运动；所述模型桩(5)中设置有温度传感器；The lower surface of the top beam of the reaction frame (9) is provided with a pile loading device (8); the lower end of the pile loading device (8) can be connected with the model pile (5), driving the model pile (5) along the longitudinal direction Movement; the model pile (5) is provided with a temperature sensor; 所述冻融模型箱布置在反力架(9)测试中心区；所述冻融模型箱包括冷冻室(1)和土样室(2)；The freeze-thaw model box is arranged in the test center area of the reaction force frame (9); the freeze-thaw model box includes a freezer chamber (1) and a soil sample chamber (2); 所述土样室(2)为上端敞口且内中空的桶体；所述土样室(2)由金属导热材料制成；所述土样室(2)底部和内壁上均设有温度传感器；所述冷冻室(1)为带有顶盖(101)的中空桶体；所述冷冻室(1)由隔热材料制成；The soil sample chamber (2) is a barrel with an open upper end and a hollow interior; the soil sample chamber (2) is made of a metal heat-conducting material; the bottom and the inner wall of the soil sample chamber (2) are provided with temperature sensor; the freezing chamber (1) is a hollow barrel with a top cover (101); the freezing chamber (1) is made of heat insulating material; 所述土样室(2)布置在冷冻室(1)的内腔中；所述土样室(2)底部与冷冻室(1)底部固定连接；所述冷冻室(1)和土样室(2)之间形成空间(S)；所述空间(S)中注有冷冻液(7)；所述冷冻室(1)通过金属冷却管(12)与制冷循环仪(10)连通；试验时，冷冻液(7)在空间(S)和制冷循环仪(10)之间循环流动。The soil sample chamber (2) is arranged in the inner cavity of the freezing chamber (1); the bottom of the soil sample chamber (2) is fixedly connected with the bottom of the freezing chamber (1); the freezing chamber (1) and the soil sample chamber (2) form space (S) between; In described space (S), be injected with refrigerated liquid (7); Described freezer (1) is communicated with refrigerating cycler (10) by metal cooling pipe (12); Test , the refrigerant (7) circulates between the space (S) and the refrigeration cycler (10). 3.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种模拟钙质砂地基打桩过程颗粒破碎试验模型装置，其特征在于：所述沉桩加载装置(8)包括电动加载装置(801)、传动杆(802)和模型桩安装台(803)；其中，所述传动杆(802)设置在电动加载装置(801)下方，模型桩安装台(803)设置在传动杆(802)下端；所述模型桩安装台(803)上具有水准泡(8031)；所述模型桩安装台(803)下表面固定有固定螺旋帽(8032)；模型桩(5)插入固定螺旋帽(8032)预留的模型桩孔中，并通过拧紧螺栓固定在模型桩安装台(803)上；试验时，电动加载装置(801)驱动传动杆(802)沿纵向运动，继而带动模型桩(5)运动。3. according to claim 1 or 2, a kind of simulated calcareous sand foundation piling process particle crushing test model device is characterized in that: the pile sinking loading device (8) comprises an electric loading device (801), a transmission rod ( 802) and the model pile mounting platform (803); wherein, the transmission rod (802) is arranged below the electric loading device (801), and the model pile installation platform (803) is arranged at the lower end of the transmission rod (802); the model pile There is a level bubble (8031) on the installation platform (803); the fixed screw cap (8032) is fixed on the lower surface of the model pile installation platform (803); the model pile (5) is inserted into the model pile reserved by the fixed screw cap (8032) hole, and fixed on the model pile mounting platform (803) by tightening bolts; during the test, the electric loading device (801) drives the transmission rod (802) to move longitudinally, and then drives the model pile (5) to move. 4.根据权利要求1所述的一种模拟钙质砂地基打桩过程颗粒破碎试验模型装置，其特征在于：所述模型桩(5)的桩径为10mm～30mm，长度为100～300mm；所述制冷循环仪(10)的温控范围为-20℃～80℃之间。4. a kind of simulated calcareous sand foundation piling process particle breakage test model device according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the pile diameter of described model pile (5) is 10mm～30mm, and length is 100～300mm; The temperature control range of the refrigeration cycler (10) is between -20°C and 80°C. 5.根据权利要求1所述的一种模拟钙质砂地基打桩过程颗粒破碎试验模型装置，其特征在于：所述土样室(2)的长度为a,宽度为b，高度为c，壁厚为d；其中，a＝400～600mm，b＝400～600mm，c＝500～700mm，d＝5～10mm；所述冷冻室(1)长度为900mm，宽度为900mmmm，高度为800mm，壁厚为10mm。5. a kind of simulated calcareous sand foundation piling process particle crushing test model device according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the length of described soil sample chamber (2) is a, and width is b, and height is c, and wall The thickness is d; wherein, a=400～600mm, b=400～600mm, c=500～700mm, d=5～10mm; the length of the freezing chamber (1) is 900mm, the width is 900mm, and the height is 800mm. The thickness is 10mm. 6.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种模拟钙质砂地基打桩过程颗粒破碎试验模型装置，其特征在于：所述土样室(2)和冷冻室(1)底部对应位置预留螺孔；所述土样室(2)和冷冻室(1)通过螺栓固定连接。6. A kind of simulated calcareous sand foundation piling process particle crushing test model device according to claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that: said soil sample room (2) and freezer room (1) bottom corresponding position reserved screw holes; the soil sample chamber (2) and the freezing chamber (1) are fixedly connected by bolts. 7.一种关于权利要求1或2所述模拟钙质砂地基打桩过程颗粒破碎试验模型装置的试验方法，其特征在于：包括以下步骤：7. a kind of test method about claim 1 or 2 described simulated calcareous sand foundation piling process particle crushing test model device, it is characterized in that: comprise the following steps: 1)按照预定级配配制钙质砂并混合均匀；1) Calcareous sand is prepared according to the predetermined gradation and mixed evenly; 2)采用砂雨法将钙质砂土样装入土样室(2)内，并根据所需饱和度灌入适量的水形成钙质砂土层(3)；其中，钙质砂土样(3)的填充高度为300～500mm；2) Put the calcareous sandy soil sample into the soil sample chamber (2) by using the sand rain method, and pour an appropriate amount of water according to the required saturation to form the calcareous sandy soil layer (3); wherein, the calcareous sandy soil sample (3) The filling height is 300-500mm; 3)调整模型桩(5)的垂直度，将模型桩(5)固定在沉桩加载装置(8)的下端；3) Adjust the verticality of the model pile (5), and fix the model pile (5) at the lower end of the pile sinking loading device (8); 4)启动加载装置，按照要求将模型桩(5)压入钙质砂土层(3)设定深度；4) Start the loading device, and press the model pile (5) into the calcareous sand layer (3) to set the depth as required; 5)盖上冷冻室(1)的盖板(101)，设定制冷循环仪温度为-10℃，启动制冷循环仪直至土样室(2)和模型桩(5)内的温度传感器温度稳定到设定值；5) Cover the cover plate (101) of the freezing chamber (1), set the temperature of the refrigeration cycler to -10°C, and start the refrigeration cycler until the temperature of the temperature sensor in the soil sample chamber (2) and the model pile (5) is stable to the set value; 6)关闭制冷循环仪，打开冷冻室(1)的盖板，用取土器(4)取出不同桩径和桩底范围的钙质砂土样，测量土样的体积和质量，然后将土样放入烘箱在60℃下烘烤24小时；6) Close the refrigerating cycler, open the cover plate of the freezer (1), take out the calcareous sandy soil samples of different pile diameters and pile bottom ranges with the soil fetcher (4), measure the volume and quality of the soil samples, and then place the soil samples Put in an oven and bake at 60°C for 24 hours; 7)土样烘干后，通过振动筛粉机进行颗分试验，可得到不同桩径处钙质砂的颗分曲线。7) After the soil sample is dried, the particle size test is carried out through a vibrating sieving machine, and the particle size curve of the calcareous sand at different pile diameters can be obtained. 8.根据权利要求7所述的一种试验方法，其特征在于：所述取土器(4)为方形取土器；所述方形取土器为上下端均敞口的中空长方体；这个长方体长20～150mm，宽20～150mm，高100～600mm；所述中空长方体上下端敞口处均具有锋利的金属切刀。8. A kind of test method according to claim 7, it is characterized in that: described soil fetcher (4) is a square soil fetcher; Described square soil fetcher is a hollow cuboid whose upper and lower ends are all exposed; this cuboid is long 20～ 150mm in width, 20-150mm in width, and 100-600mm in height; the upper and lower openings of the hollow cuboid have sharp metal cutters. 9.根据权利要求7所述的一种试验方法，其特征在于：所述取土器为圆形取土器；所述圆形取土器为上下端均敞口的中空圆柱体；这个中空圆柱体的内径为39.1～50.1mm，高度为80～100mm；所述中空圆柱体上下端敞口处均具有锋利的金属切刀。9. A kind of test method according to claim 7, it is characterized in that: described soil fetcher is circular soil fetcher; Described circular soil fetcher is the hollow cylinder that upper and lower ends all open; The hollow cylinder of this hollow cylinder The inner diameter is 39.1-50.1mm, and the height is 80-100mm; the upper and lower openings of the hollow cylinder have sharp metal cutters.
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