CN106757234A - The preparation method of 3D nano porous metal materials - Google Patents
The preparation method of 3D nano porous metal materials Download PDFInfo
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- CN106757234A CN106757234A CN201610987649.6A CN201610987649A CN106757234A CN 106757234 A CN106757234 A CN 106757234A CN 201610987649 A CN201610987649 A CN 201610987649A CN 106757234 A CN106757234 A CN 106757234A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/34—Pretreatment of metallic surfaces to be electroplated
- C25D5/38—Pretreatment of metallic surfaces to be electroplated of refractory metals or nickel
- C25D5/40—Nickel; Chromium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/08—Alloys with open or closed pores
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/22—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of zinc
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/38—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of copper
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/34—Pretreatment of metallic surfaces to be electroplated
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/48—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces
- C25D5/50—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces by heat-treatment
- C25D5/505—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces by heat-treatment of electroplated tin coatings, e.g. by melting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25F—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC REMOVAL OF MATERIALS FROM OBJECTS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25F3/00—Electrolytic etching or polishing
- C25F3/02—Etching
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of preparation method of 3D nano porous metals material, mainly solve the problems, such as that metal or alloy aperture size prepared by prior art is big, specific surface area is low, porosity is low and is difficult to block, its implementation is：1) cleaning activating pretreatment is carried out to foam metal/alloy substrates；2) magnesium-yttrium-transition metal film is electroplated in foam metal/alloy substrates after the pre-treatment；3) alloy molten is carried out to substrate and magnesium-yttrium-transition metal film；4) alloy to meltingization uses electrochemistry selective corrosion method, erodes the magnesium-yttrium-transition metal plated in alloy, carries out de- alloying, completes the preparation of porous metal material.The present invention improves the specific surface area and porosity of nano porous metal material, and aperture size is controllable, can be used as the substrate for growing other porous type nanoscale structures materials.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of material preparation, and in particular to a kind of preparation method of 3D nano porous metals material, can
Substrate template is used as growing other 3D materials.
Background technology
Electrochemical deposition is a kind of liquid phase process for preparing various polycrystal films and nanostructured, is successfully prepared
The materials such as metal, ceramic material, semiconductor, superlattices and superconductor film.Electrochemical metal deposition is obtained early in early stage in 19th century
To application, electroplating technology also there are about a century so far.Meanwhile, electrochemical deposition method is a kind of process of electrolytic method plated film,
It study it is important that " negative electrode electro-deposition ".Electrochemical deposition be the aqueous solution or non-aqueous solution containing plated metal ion,
Lead to direct current in fused salt etc., cation is discharged in cathode surface, obtain metallic film.
The twenties in last century, American scientist M.Raney has found that corroding nickel alumin(i)um alloy or nickel aluminium silicon in alkaline solution closes
Bronze end can obtain the powdery nickel foam of high catalytic activity, be commonly called as Raney nickel or Raney's nickel.The sixties in last century, section of the U.S.
Scholar H.Pickering, P.Swann et al. start systematically to study the corrosion electrochemical action of gold-base alloy, and use first
The transmission electron microscope tem observation pattern of sample, discloses the loose structure of nanoscale., British scientist in 1979
A.Forty has corroded ultra-thin electrum film using nitric acid, and observed zingy nano-porous gold under the tem
Structure, aperture and ligament size are about at 20 nanometers.Nineteen ninety, K.Sieradzki and R.Newman just take off prepared by alloyage
Nano porous metal application United States Patent (USP), and formally propose nano porous metal this concept.
Nano porous metal is a kind of special porous material, and nano level aperture size causes that it has ratio table higher
Area and other unique physics, chemistry and mechanical property.Therefore, there is nano porous metal material huge application to dive
Power, the application study carried out at present mainly has catalysis, activation, sensing, SERS SERS etc..
At present, preparing the main method of nano porous metal material has two kinds of " template " and " de- alloyage ", wherein：
" template " is, with loose structure as template, final nano-porous structure to be obtained by the structure for replicating template.
The shortcoming of the nano porous metal for preparing in this way is that its aperture size and mode arranged evenly are all true by template
Fixed, can only be controlled by adjusting formwork structure, and the porous metals porosity prepared is too low, specific surface area is limited.
" de- alloyage " is to carry out appropriate corrosion by binary or polynary solid solution alloy, will be wherein more active
Dissolving metal, remaining more inert metallic atom ultimately forms the nano-porous structure of co-continuous through growth of reuniting.With mould
Plate method prepares nano porous metal difference, and de- alloyage can be by the adjustment reality to corrosion process and follow-up heat treatment process
Now to bore hole size and the dynamic control of spatial arrangement.But, de- alloy approach conventional at present is commonly used to prepare thin-belt many
Mesoporous metal, it is impossible to which for preparing large-sized block materials, and Strength of Metallic Materials is poor.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to be directed to above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, there is provided a kind of system of 3D nano porous metals material
Preparation Method, to improve the specific surface area and porosity of porous metals, preparation aperture size is controllable, be easy to the nanoporous of block
Type metal material.
Realize the technical scheme is that：In foam metal/alloy substrates one is plated using electrochemical deposition method
The active magnesium-yttrium-transition metal of layer, the deposition efficiency of plating filmed metals is improved by controlling temperature, stir speed (S.S.), and selection contains treats gold-plated
Belong to the plating solution of ion, along with appropriate H2SO4/HBO3Solution reduces the resistance of electroplate liquid, obtains stable and uniform, covering
The coating substrate of active magnesium-yttrium-transition metal；Using CVD method high annealing alloy molten；Employ electrochemical metal sun
The method of pole selective corrosion has corroded active metal, completes the formation of 3D nano porous metals, by control corrosion rate current potential
With the time, selectivity the active metal made in alloy carry out redox corrosion reaction, so as to reach de- alloying purpose, most
3D nano porous metal structures are obtained eventually.Implementation step includes as follows：
(1) substrate pretreatment：
(1a) selects foam metal/alloy as substrate, and carries out surface preparation process to it, i.e., first polish and throw
Light, then deionized water is used successively, analytically pure acetone, each ultrasonic cleaning of analytically pure ethanol dries up standby afterwards for several times；
(1b) will soak 3min in the good metal/alloy substrate immersion activator of surface preparation carries out surface active, then
Sample wash is dried up for several times with deionized water；
(2) the electrode test system of electrochemistry three is used, the mistake of last layer magnesium-yttrium-transition metal is plated in metal/alloy substrate
Journey：
(2a) puts into electrolytic cell the metal/alloy sample after step (1b) treatment, adds deposition solution, in three electricity
In the test system of pole, reference electrode and auxiliary electrode are set, and using coating alloy as working electrode；
(2b) sets electrochemical deposition current potential, time and deposition solution, in room temperature according to the property of magnesium-yttrium-transition metal to be plated
The active magnesium-yttrium-transition metal of last layer is electrochemically plated in the lower metal/alloy that will have been cleaned up；
After the completion of (2c) question response, the metal/alloy to being coated with magnesium-yttrium-transition metal is integrally washed, dried successively, is obtained
To alloy layer.
(3) alloy molten：
(3a) will be coated with the metal/alloy of magnesium-yttrium-transition metal and be integrally placed in CVD tube furnaces flat-temperature zone, is passed through flow and is
5sccm~10sccm argon gas and flow are 1sccm~5sccm hydrogen, and the metal/alloy to being coated with magnesium-yttrium-transition metal is integrally carried out
Igneous fusion；
(3b) selects 600 DEG C~850 DEG C of the temperature to carry out annealing 1h~2h according to alloy phase diagram, and Temperature fall is to room afterwards
Warm left and right, opens chamber, takes out sample.
(4) alloying is taken off：
(4a) puts into electrolytic cell the alloy sample after melting, adds electrolyte, and ginseng is set in three-electrode system
Than electrode and auxiliary electrode, and using the alloy sample as working electrode；
(4b) has plated the property of metal according to step (3), sets electrochemical corrosion voltage and time so that alloy sample enters
Row redox corrosion reaction；
After the completion of (4c) question response, gained sample is taken out from electrolytic cell, is dried up with deionized water rinsing and with nitrogen,
Obtain 3D nano porous metals/alloy.
The present invention has the following advantages that compared with prior art：
1) present invention is used to corrode on the hole wall of foam metal and loose structure, small to regulate and control by changing etching condition
The pore size in hole, so as to solve the problems, such as that aperture size can only be controlled by adjusting formwork structure, preparation it is porous
Metal structure uniform, controllable, and improve its specific surface area and porosity.
2) present invention substitutes common metal with foam metal, solves the problems, such as that conventional method is difficult to block, carries
The strength of materials of metal high.
3) electro-deposition of the invention due to carrying out at normal temperatures, it is to avoid the thermal stress caused by high temperature and interlayer thermal expansion
Dissipate, so as to the different individual layers of one-component can be obtained.
4) present invention is due to being that high-temperature alloy is carried out in CVD tube furnaces, it is to avoid introduce pollution.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 realizes flow chart for of the invention；
Fig. 2 is the 3D nano porous metal structural representations prepared with the inventive method；
Fig. 3 is the Ni-Zn alloy phase diagrams used in the embodiment of the present invention 1；
Fig. 4 is the Au-Cu alloy phase diagrams used in the embodiment of the present invention 2；
Fig. 5 is the Ag-Au-Cu alloy phase diagrams used in the embodiment of the present invention 3.
Specific embodiment：
The present invention is described in detail with specific embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the invention is not limited in this.
Experimental technique described in following embodiments, unless otherwise specified, is conventional method；The reagent and material, such as
Without specified otherwise, commercially obtain.
Reference picture 1, the present invention provides following three kinds of embodiments.
Embodiment 1：Prepare nanoporous nickel material.
Step 1, substrate pretreatment is carried out to foam Ni.
Commercially available foam Ni 1a) is suppressed into flakiness, by polishing, polishing, then deionized water, analytically pure acetone is used successively
Respectively it is cleaned by ultrasonic 5min, then nitrogen drying 5min with analytically pure ethanol；
1b) by the substrate immersion concentration after surface preparation in the HCl solution of 5M, immersion 3min carries out surface active,
Then sample wash is put into electrolytic cell afterwards for several times with deionized water.
Step 2, electroplates Zn films in foam Ni substrates.
It is working electrode that foam Ni substrates 2a) are set in the electrode test system of electrochemistry three, and saturation calomel SCE electrodes are
Reference electrode, helps electrode supplemented by metal platinized platinum, and these three electrodes are placed in a cell；
2b) used as electroplate liquid, its component is the ZnSO of 0.1M to configuration mixed solution4, 0.3M NiSO4, 0.35M
Na2SO4With the H of 0.32M3BO3, will be poured into electrolytic cell with the solution for postponing；
2c) in a test system, with saturation calomel SCE as reference electrode, setting sedimentation potential is -0.95V, sets deposition
Time is 3min, and zinc is deposited in working electrode nickel foam, and whole deposition process is with stirring；
2d) after the completion of to be deposited, one layer of Zn coating is obtained in foam Ni substrates, the foam is taken out from electrolytic cell Ni-based
Bottom, then with deionized water rinsing, nitrogen drying obtains Ni-Zn alloy layers.
Step 3, Ni-Zn alloy moltens.
3a) the Ni-Zn alloy layers that step 2 processes completion are placed in the flat-temperature zone of CVD tube furnaces, being passed through flow is
The argon gas of 10sccm and the hydrogen of 5sccm；
Fig. 3 3b) is referred to, this step selection annealing 1.5h at 600 DEG C carries out Ni-Zn alloy moltens, afterwards Temperature fall
To room temperature, open chamber and take out.
Step 4, takes off alloying.
4a) alloy sample after melting is put into electrolytic cell, then adds KOH solution of the concentration for 1M as electrolysis
Liquid, the alloy sample after setting melting in electrochemistry three-electrode system is working electrode, and saturation calomel SCE electrodes are reference electricity
Pole, helps electrode supplemented by metal platinized platinum；
4b) in three electrode test systems, with saturation calomel SCE as reference electrode, setting corrosion potential is 0.85V, is entered
The anodic solution of row zinc, dissolution time is 2min so that alloy sample carries out redox corrosion reaction；
After the completion of 4c) treating corrosion reaction, final gained sample be taken out from electrolytic cell, with deionized water rinsing and use nitrogen
Air-blowing is done, that is, obtain 3D nano porous metal nickel materials.As shown in Figure 2.
Embodiment 2：Prepare nanoporous Au-Cu alloy materials.
Step one, substrate pretreatment is carried out to foam type Au-Cu alloys.
The step of this step process is with embodiment 11 is identical.
Step 2, electroplates Cu films on foam type Au-Cu alloys.
2.1) foam type Au-Cu alloys are set in the electrode test system of electrochemistry three used as working electrode, Ag/AgCl electricity
Extremely reference electrode, platinum plate electrode places in a cell these three electrodes as auxiliary electrode；
2.2) used as electroplate liquid, its component is the H of 0.5M to configuration mixed solution2S04With the CuS0 of 0.2M4, will match somebody with somebody what is postponed
Solution is poured into electrolytic cell；
2.3) in a test system, with Ag/AgCl electrodes as reference electrode, setting sedimentation potential is -0.15V, sets heavy
The product time is 5min, the copper facing on working electrode foam type Au-Cu alloys, with stirring in whole deposition process；
2.4) after the completion of to be deposited, one layer of Cu coating is obtained on foam type Au-Cu alloys, the bubble is taken out from electrolytic cell
Foam type Au-Cu alloys, then with deionized water rinsing, nitrogen drying obtains Au-Cu alloy layers.
Step 3, Au-Cu alloy moltens.
3.1) Au-Cu alloy layers are placed in the flat-temperature zone of CVD tube furnaces, are passed through flow for 8sccm argon gas and 3sccm
Hydrogen；
3.2) Fig. 3 is referred to, this step selection annealing 2h at 700 DEG C carries out Au-Cu alloy moltens, and Temperature fall is arrived afterwards
Room temperature, opens chamber and takes out.
Step 4, takes off alloying.
4.1) alloy sample after melting is put into electrolytic cell, then adds the Na of 0.1M2SO4Solution and 0.05M's
H2SO4Solution is working electrode, Ag/AgCl as electrolyte, the Au-Cu alloys after electrochemistry three-electrode system sets melting
Electrode is reference electrode, and platinized platinum is auxiliary electrode；
4.2) in three electrode test systems, with Ag/AgCl electrodes as reference electrode, setting corrosion potential is 0.45V, is entered
The anodic solution of row Cu, dissolution time is 3min so that alloy sample carries out redox corrosion reaction；
4.3) after the completion of reacting, final gained sample is taken out from electrolytic cell, is blown with deionized water rinsing and with nitrogen
It is dry, you can to obtain 3D nanoporous Au-Cu alloy materials.As shown in Figure 2.
Embodiment 3：Prepare nanoporous Ag-Au-Cu alloy materials.
Step A, substrate pretreatment is carried out to foam type Au-Ag alloys.
The step of this step process is with embodiment 11 is identical.
Step B, electroplates Cu films in foam type Au-Ag alloy substrates.
B1 it is working electrode, reference electricity that Ag-Au alloy substrates) are set in the electrode test system test system of electrochemistry three
Extremely saturation calomel SCE electrodes, help electrode supplemented by metal platinized platinum, and these three electrodes are placed in a cell；
B2) used as electroplate liquid, its component is the CuS0 of 0.35M to configuration mixed solution4.5H2The HB0 of 0 and 0.4M3, will configure
Solution afterwards is poured into electrolytic cell；
B3) in a test system, with saturation calomel SCE electrodes as reference electrode, setting deposition voltage is -0.9V, is set
Sedimentation time is 4min, and Cu is plated in foam type Au-Ag alloy substrates, with stirring in whole deposition process；
B4) after the completion of to be deposited, uniform Cu coating is obtained in foam type Au-Ag alloy substrates, is taken from electrolytic cell
Go out, then with deionized water rinsing, nitrogen drying.
Step C, Ag-Au-Cu alloy molten.
C1) the Au-Ag alloys containing Cu coating are placed in the flat-temperature zone of CVD tube furnaces, flow is passed through for 5sccm argon gas
With 1sccm hydrogen；
C2 Fig. 5) is referred to, this step selection annealing 1h at 850 DEG C carries out Ag-Au-Cu alloy moltens, afterwards Temperature fall
To room temperature, open chamber and take out.
Step D, takes off alloying.
D1) alloy sample after melting is put into electrolytic cell, then adds the H that concentration is 0.5M2S04Solution, using electricity
It is working electrode that chemical three-electrode system sets the Ag-Au-Cu alloys after melting, and saturation calomel SCE electrodes are reference electrode, platinum
Piece is auxiliary electrode；
D2) in three electrode test systems, with saturation calomel SCE electrodes as reference electrode, setting galvano-cautery current potential is
0.75V, carries out the anodic solution of Cu, and dissolution time is 4min so that alloy sample carries out redox corrosion reaction；
D3) after the completion of question response, uniform Ag-Au-Cu coating is obtained, sample is taken out from electrolytic cell, then use deionization
Water is rinsed, nitrogen drying.Can obtain 3D nanoporous Ag-Au-Cu alloy materials.As shown in Figure 2.
Embodiment described above only expresses several embodiments of the invention, and its description is more specific and detailed, but simultaneously
Therefore the limitation to the scope of the claims of the present invention can not be interpreted as.It should be pointed out that for one of ordinary skill in the art
For, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, various modifications and improvements can be made, these belong to guarantor of the invention
Shield scope.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be determined by the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of preparation method of 3D nano porous metals/alloy, comprises the following steps:
(1) substrate pretreatment：
(1a) selects foam metal/alloy as substrate, and carries out surface preparation process to it, i.e., first grinding and buffing,
Use deionized water successively again, analytically pure acetone, each ultrasonic cleaning of analytically pure ethanol dries up standby afterwards for several times；
(1b) will soak 3min in the good metal/alloy substrate immersion activator of surface preparation carries out surface active, then spends
Ionized water dries up sample wash for several times；
(2) the electrode test system of electrochemistry three is used, the process of last layer magnesium-yttrium-transition metal is plated in metal/alloy substrate：
(2a) puts into electrolytic cell the metal/alloy sample after step (1b) treatment, adds deposition solution, is surveyed in three electrodes
In test system, reference electrode and auxiliary electrode are set, and using coating alloy as working electrode,；
(2b) sets electrochemical deposition current potential, time and deposition solution according to the property of magnesium-yttrium-transition metal to be plated, at room temperature will
The active magnesium-yttrium-transition metal of last layer is electrochemically plated in the metal/alloy for having cleaned up；
After the completion of (2c) question response, the metal/alloy to being coated with magnesium-yttrium-transition metal is integrally washed, dried successively, is closed
Gold plate；
(3) alloy molten：
(3a) will be coated with the metal/alloy of magnesium-yttrium-transition metal and be integrally placed in CVD tube furnaces flat-temperature zone, is passed through flow and is
5sccm~10sccm argon gas and flow are 1sccm~5sccm hydrogen, and the metal/alloy to being coated with magnesium-yttrium-transition metal is integrally carried out
Igneous fusion；
(3b) selects 600 DEG C~850 DEG C of the temperature to carry out annealing 1h~2h according to alloy phase diagram, and Temperature fall is to a room temperature left side afterwards
The right side, opens chamber, takes out sample.
(4) alloying is taken off：
(4a) puts into electrolytic cell the alloy sample after melting, adds electrolyte, and reference electricity is set in three-electrode system
Pole and auxiliary electrode, and using the alloy sample as working electrode；
(4b) has plated the property of metal according to step (3), sets electrochemical corrosion voltage and time so that alloy sample carries out oxygen
Change reduction corrosion reaction；
After the completion of (4c) question response, gained sample is taken out from electrolytic cell, dried up with deionized water rinsing and with nitrogen, obtained
3D nano porous metals/alloy.
2. method according to claim 1, the wherein foam metal/alloy in step (1a) include nickel foam, foam
Type Au-Ag alloys, foam type Cu-Au alloys.
3. method according to claim 1, the wherein deposition solution in step (2a), are by the salting liquid of magnesium-yttrium-transition metal
And HB03/H2SO4Solution presses 0.4:1~1：The mixed liquor of 1 configuration, the equal Bian of mixed solution is prepared with high purity deionized water, and
All with stirring in whole process.
4. the reference electrode set in method according to claim 1, wherein step (2a), including Ag/AgCl electrodes or
Person's saturated calomel electrode SCE；The auxiliary electrode of setting is platinized platinum.
5. method according to claim 1, magnesium-yttrium-transition metal includes copper and zinc wherein in step (2b).
6. sedimentation potential in the method stated according to claim 1, wherein step (2b), with saturation calomel SCE electrodes or Ag/
AgCl electrodes are reference electrode, and potential range is -0.15V~-0.95V, and sedimentation time is 1min~5min.
7. the reference electrode set in method according to claim 1, wherein step (4a), including Ag/AgCl electrodes or
Person's saturated calomel electrode SCE；The auxiliary electrode of setting is platinized platinum.
8. method according to claim 1, wherein electrolyte in step (4a), are the salting liquid or acid solution for having plated metal
Or aqueous slkali.
9. method according to claim 1, wherein galvano-cautery current potential in step (4b), be with saturation calomel SCE electrodes or
Person Ag/AgCl electrodes are reference electrode, and potential range is 0.45V~0.85V, and dissolution time is 1min~5min.
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