CN106757014B - Laser multi-beam feeding cladding and preheating device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a laser multi-beam feeding cladding and preheating device which is used for converting an incident beam to clad a clad material on a substrate, and comprises a support frame, a spectroscope and a reflection focusing assembly, wherein the spectroscope and the reflection focusing assembly are arranged on the support frame; the reflecting focusing surface reflects and focuses part of the reflected light beam to form a cladding light beam, and the cladding light beam carries out cladding on a material to be clad which is sprayed onto the base material to form a molten pool; the reflecting surface reflects part of the reflected light beam to form a preheating light beam, the preheating light beam preheats the clad material above the base material, and/or the preheating light beam preheats and slowly cools the base material; the support frame is staggered with the cladding light beam and the preheating light beam.

Description

Laser multi-beam feeding cladding and preheating device

technical field

The invention relates to a laser multi-beam feeding cladding and preheating device, which belongs to the field of laser additive manufacturing.

Background technique

In the advanced laser processing and forming manufacturing technology, there is a key technology, that is, the laser and the molten material are transmitted to the processing and forming position synchronously, and the metal material is continuously, accurately and uniformly put into the processing surface to focus on the scanning movement according to the predetermined trajectory. In the light spot, the precise coupling of optical materials is realized. The material converts light energy and heat energy in the beam, melts instantly and forms a molten pool, and completes the metallurgical process of rapid melting and solidification of the material.

In the prior art, due to the sudden cooling and heating effect of laser cladding, the processing material will have a large degree of overheating and undercooling, which is likely to cause cracking of the molten layer. In order to solve the above problems, the preheating and cooling technology is introduced. The preheating of the substrate and the slow cooling after cladding can effectively reduce the temperature gradient and release the residual thermal stress. The current preheating technology mostly uses external heat sources such as electromagnetic induction and resistance heating to heat the substrate of the workpiece as a whole. The heating temperature is generally 200-600°C. The overall heating has a certain effect, but it is not suitable for repairing large parts or 3D During forming, the change of the position of the processing point will cause the change of the distance from the heating zone, which will lead to the change of the preheating temperature, and the additional device is also cumbersome. In order to avoid the above effects, one of the methods is to directly use low-density laser beams to perform partial follow-up preheating and slow cooling in front and rear of the molten pool. This method does not need to use other heat sources and devices. For example, U.S. Patent Application No. US2009/0283501A1 proposes to use one laser to input a high-density small circular beam for cladding, and another laser to input a coaxial low-density large circular beam to preheat the material to be clad ; Chinese patent application No. CN201380036006.8 proposes cladding and preheating the wire, the Chinese patent application discloses the following content system includes a high-intensity energy source and a feeder system, the high-intensity energy source is configured to At least one workpiece is heated to create a weld pool, the feeder system including a wire feeder configured to feed a consumable to the weld pool. The system also includes an induction system that receives the consumable and inductively heats a portion of the consumable prior to entering the molten pool. The method includes heating at least one workpiece to create a molten pool and feeding a consumable into the molten pool. The method also includes inductively heating a portion of the consumable prior to the portion of the consumable entering the molten bath.

Most of the contents of the above-mentioned follow-up preheating and slow cooling using the main and auxiliary multi-beams report the optical path and principle, some use the simulation method to verify the effect, and some use the pre-coating method for cladding. However, in the prior art, the following problems exist in the relevant patents that combine cladding and preheating technology: US Patent Application No. US2009/0283501A1 discloses that using an independent laser to preheat the workpiece will have the following problems: 1. The structure of the nozzle is very complicated and the cost is high; 2. The nozzle will be very large and cannot enter the narrow space to carry out some cladding work.

The content disclosed in Chinese patent application No. CN201380036006.8 uses an inductance device to preheat the material to be clad, which is completely independent from the cladding work, and there will be the following problems: 1. The structure of the nozzle is very complicated and the cost is high; 2. The volume of the nozzle It will be very large, and it is impossible to enter a small space to carry out some cladding work; 3. The wire is heated inductively in the channel. During the process of leaving the channel and entering the molten pool, the wire loses the heating source, and the temperature on the wire It will change, which will easily lead to changes in the position accuracy of the wire, which will easily affect the surface quality and accuracy of the cladding layer, and even lead to the inability to carry out the cladding work; 4. Inductive heating only heats the wire and does not heat the substrate. Heating only improves the cladding efficiency, but does not really play a role in reducing the thermal stress of the molten layer and reducing defects such as thermal cracks.

In addition, in addition to the above-mentioned embodiments, in other existing internal powder feeding or wire feeding cladding feeding devices, there are generally the following problems: the cladding beam will cross the support frame, resulting in loss of capacity, and because the cladding beam The light is irradiated on the support frame, so the strain of the support frame is accelerated. In addition, in the prior art, it is usually necessary to coat the light-receiving surface of the support frame with light-absorbing materials, but if the process stability is not good, there will still be light reflection. To the condenser, it is easy to overheat and damage it. Therefore, the difficulty of coating light-absorbing materials is relatively high.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a laser multi-beam feeding cladding and preheating device, which can realize two processes of simultaneous cladding and preheating, wherein during preheating, it can preheat the substrate and the material to be clad, In this way, it can not only improve the cladding efficiency, but also meet the process heat treatment requirements of different materials and structures, reduce the thermal stress of the molten layer and reduce the probability of defects such as thermal cracks; and the device can reduce the energy loss of the optical path and improve the energy utilization rate.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a laser multi-beam feeding cladding and preheating device, which is used to convert the incident beam to clad the material to be clad on the substrate, the laser multi-beam feeding The cladding and preheating device includes a support frame and a beam splitter and a reflective focusing assembly arranged on the support frame. The incident beam is converted into a reflected beam by the beam splitter. The circumferential reflection of the axis, the reflective focusing assembly includes a reflective focusing surface and a reflective surface, both of which are facing the beam splitter; the reflective focusing surface reflects and focuses part of the reflected beam to form a cladding beam, The cladding beam clads the cladding material sprayed onto the substrate to form a molten pool; the reflective surface reflects part of the reflected beam to form a preheating beam, and the preheating beam is positioned on the substrate The material to be clad above the material is preheated, and/or the preheating beam preheats and slowly cools the substrate; the support frame is set in a staggered manner with the cladding beam and the preheating beam.

Further: the support frame is formed with a hollow part through which the cladding light beam and the preheating light beam pass.

Further: the support frame includes a lower support frame and an upper support frame fixed on the lower support frame, and the lower support frame includes an upper support frame installation part in a ring structure, on the upper support frame installation part The reflective focusing component mounting part protruding upwards, the fixing part located in the hollow of the upper support frame mounting part and the supporting rib connecting the fixing part and the upper supporting frame mounting part, the reflective focusing component mounting part is ring-shaped, The diameter of the outer circle of the mounting part of the upper support frame is greater than the diameter of the outer circle of the mounting part of the reflective focusing assembly, the upper support frame is installed on the mounting part of the upper support frame, and the reflective focusing assembly is installed on the reflective focusing assembly On the mounting part, the beam splitter is fixed on the fixing part, the fixing part is not in contact with the mounting part of the upper support frame, and there is formed between the two for the cladding light beam and the preheating light beam to pass through. In the hollow part, the projection of the supporting ribs is located in the hollow part, and the supporting ribs are staggered from the cladding light beam and the preheating light beam.

Further: the reflective focusing plane is arranged along the circumferential direction of the central axis of the beam splitter, the reflective plane is arranged along the circumferential direction of the central axis of the beam splitter, and the reflective focusing plane is projected on the The orthographic projection on the base material, the orthographic projection of the reflective surface on the base material and the orthographic projection of the supporting ribs on the base material are all staggered.

Further: the reflective focusing surfaces are equally spaced and uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the central axis of the beam splitter, and the reflective surfaces are equally spaced and uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the central axis of the beam splitter.

Further: the reflection focusing surface and the reflection surface are arranged at intervals; or the reflection focus surface and the reflection surface are arranged up and down.

Further: both the reflective focusing surface and the reflective surface are in even numbers.

Further: the beam splitter includes a first mirror portion and a second mirror portion arranged along the circumferential direction of the central axis of the beam splitter; the orthographic projection of the first mirror portion projected on the substrate, The orthographic projection projected on the substrate by the second mirror portion and the orthographic projection projected on the substrate by the supporting ribs are all staggered; the first mirror portion receives part of the incident light beam and reflects the part of the incident light beam to form The first reflected beam is projected on the reflective focusing surface to be converted into the cladding beam; the second mirror part receives part of the incident beam and reflects the part of the incident beam to form a second reflection light beam, and the second reflected light beam is projected on the reflective surface to be transformed into the preheating light beam.

Further: the beam splitter has a first mirror portion, the first mirror portion faces the reflective focusing surface and the reflective surface at the same time, the first mirror portion can receive the incident light beam and form a reflected light beam, and the reflected light beam is focused by reflection The surface and the reflective surface are respectively converted to form a cladding beam and a preheating beam.

Further: there are at least two cladding beams and preheating beams, each of which has the same distance from the central axis of the beam splitter, and a clamp formed by the central axis of the beam splitter The angles are the same; the distance between each cladding beam and the central axis of the beam splitter is the same, and the included angle formed with the central axis of the beam splitter is the same.

Further: the area of the reflection focusing surface is larger than the area of the reflection surface.

The beneficial effect of the present invention is that: the laser multi-beam feeding cladding and preheating device of the present invention has the following advantages:

1. The reflected beam is converted into a cladding beam for cladding the cladding material and a preheating beam for preheating the cladding material and/or substrate through the reflective focusing mirror and the mirror, so as to realize simultaneous cladding and preheating. Among them, the cladding efficiency is improved by preheating the material to be clad, and the thermal stress of the molten layer is reduced by preheating the substrate, and the probability of defects such as thermal cracks is reduced;

2. Convert an incident beam into a cladding beam and a preheating beam at the same time, thereby reducing the overall size, making the overall structure simple, and helping to reduce costs;

3. Through the setting of reflective focusing mirror and reflector, it can help to correct the reflection angle of the reflected beam. Therefore, relatively speaking, even if the reflected beam deviates, it can be corrected by adjusting the position of reflective focusing mirror and reflector. , so it has a larger tolerance range for the error value of the installation position of the beam splitter;

4. When the laser multi-beam feeding cladding and preheating device is running, the position and size between the preheating beam, the material to be clad and the cladding beam will not change, and it moves synchronously with the nozzle, thus ensuring the melting The cladding process is stable, which helps to improve the surface quality and precision of the cladding layer;

5. Since the support frame is staggered with the incident beam, reflected beam, cladding beam, and preheating beam, it can make the support frame non-interfering with the incident beam, reflected beam, cladding beam, and preheating beam, reducing the energy of the optical path Loss, improve energy utilization.

The above description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present invention. In order to understand the technical means of the present invention more clearly and implement them according to the contents of the description, the preferred embodiments of the present invention and accompanying drawings are described in detail below.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a laser multi-beam feeding cladding and preheating device shown in an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the laser cladding feeding device shown in Fig. 1 in another direction;

Fig. 3 is a partial structural diagram in Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is a structural diagram of Fig. 3 in another direction;

Fig. 5 is the structural representation of support frame in Fig. 1;

Fig. 6 is a structural schematic view of the support frame in another direction in Fig. 1;

Fig. 7 is the structural representation of beam splitter among Fig. 1;

Fig. 8 is a structural schematic diagram of yet another beam splitter;

Fig. 9 is the structural representation of another kind of beam splitter;

FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of yet another beam splitter.

Detailed ways

The specific implementation manners of the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

1 to 4, the laser multi-beam feeding cladding and preheating device shown in a preferred embodiment of the present invention is used to convert the incident beam 10 to cladding the material to be clad on the substrate 30 (not shown) Figure), in this embodiment, the material to be clad is wire. The laser multi-beam feeding cladding and preheating device includes a support frame 1 , a beam splitter 2 arranged on the support frame 1 , a reflective focusing assembly 3 and a nozzle 5 located below the reflective focusing assembly 3 . The beam splitter 2 converts the incident beam 10 into a reflected beam, and the reflected beam is reflected along the circumference of the central axis of the beam splitter 2. The reflective focusing assembly 3 includes a reflective focusing surface 311 and a reflective surface 321. The reflective focusing surface 311 and the reflecting surface 321 are both facing the beam splitter 2; the reflective focusing surface 311 reflects and focuses part of the reflected beam to form a cladding beam 201, and the cladding beam 201 is sprayed on the substrate 30 to be fused The cladding material is clad to form a molten pool; the reflective surface 321 reflects part of the reflected beam to form a preheating beam 202, and the preheating beam 202 preheats the material to be clad above the substrate 30 ; The support frame 1 and the incident light beam 10, reflected light beam, cladding light beam 201, and preheating light beam 202 are all staggered. When the preheating beam 202 preheats the material to be clad, part of the preheating beam 202 is blocked by the cladding material, and the other part is not blocked, and the unblocked part of the preheating beam 202 is projected onto the substrate 30 In order to form a light spot, the substrate 30 is preheated and slowly cooled. The preheating and slow cooling of the substrate 30 are determined by the cladding path during cladding. Of course, in other embodiments, when the material to be clad is powder, it may only preheat and slowly cool the base material.

Referring to Figures 1 to 6, the support frame 1 includes a lower support frame 11 and an upper support frame 12 fixed on the lower support frame 11, and the lower support frame 11 includes an upper support frame installation part in a ring structure 111. The reflective focusing assembly installation part 112 protruding upward on the upper support frame installation part 111, the fixing part 113 located in the hollow of the upper support frame installation part 111 and the connection fixing part 113 and the upper support frame are installed The supporting ribs 114 of the part 111, the reflective focusing assembly mounting part 112 is ring-shaped, and the outer diameter of the upper support bracket mounting part 111 is larger than the outer circular diameter of the reflective focusing assembly mounting part 112. The upper support frame 12 is installed on the upper support frame mounting part 111, the reflective focusing assembly 3 is mounted on the reflective focusing assembly mounting part 112, and the fixing part 113 includes a beam splitter installed up and down opposite to each other. surface 1131 and an intermediate shaft installation surface (not labeled), the beam splitter 2 is fixed on the beam splitter installation surface 1131 . An intermediate shaft 13 is fixed on the mounting surface of the intermediate shaft, the intermediate shaft 13 is located below the beam splitter 2 , and the nozzle 5 is installed on the intermediate shaft 13 . The fixing member 113 is not in contact with the upper supporting frame installation portion 111 . In this embodiment, the cladding light beam 201 and the preheating light beam 202 are surrounded by a hollow light-free zone 50, and the nozzle 5 is located in the hollow light-free zone 50. In this embodiment, since the nozzle 5 is arranged in It is on the intermediate shaft 13 and is located in the hollow light-free area 50 , so the laser multi-beam feeding cladding and preheating device of this embodiment adopts optical inner feeding. The upper support frame 12 and the lower support frame 11 are surrounded to form a cavity 14, the reflective focusing assembly 3 and the beam splitter 2 are located in the cavity 14, and an incident beam opening is arranged above the upper support frame 12 121. An annular hollow portion 115 through which the preheating light beam 202 passes is formed between the fixing member 113 and the upper supporting frame installation portion 111 . The projection of the supporting ribs 114 is located in the annular hollow portion 115 , and the supporting ribs 2117 are staggered from the cladding beam 201 and the preheating beam 202 . In this embodiment, the supporting ribs 114 are located in the annular hollow portion 115, and the number of the supporting ribs 114 is four, and the four supporting ribs 114 divide the annular hollow portion 115 into four arc-shaped regions 1151. The covering light beam 201 and the preheating light beam 202 respectively pass through the four arc-shaped regions 1151 . Since the cladding light beam 201 and the preheating light beam 202 pass through the four arc-shaped regions 1151 respectively, the cladding light beam 201 and the preheating light beam 202 do not intersect with the supporting frame 1 , thus preventing light loss. In other implementation manners, the number of arcuate regions 1151 can be set according to requirements.

Referring to FIGS. 1 to 3 , in this embodiment, the reflective focusing assembly 3 includes a reflective focusing mirror 31 and a reflective mirror 32 , the reflective focusing surface 311 is formed on the reflective focusing mirror 31 , and the reflective surface 321 is formed on the reflective mirror 32 superior. The reflective focusing surface 311 has an area greater than that of the reflective surface 321 . In this embodiment, the inclination angle of the reflective focusing surface 311 relative to the central axis of the beam splitter 2 (the central axis of the beam splitter 2 is coaxial with the central axis of the laser multi-beam feeding cladding and preheating device) is the same as The inclination angles of the reflective surface 321 relative to the central axis of the beam splitter 2 are not equal. The reflection focusing mirror 31 and the reflection mirror 32 are arranged along the circumferential direction of the central axis of the beam splitter 2 . The orthographic projection of the reflective focusing surface 311 of the reflective focusing mirror 31 on the substrate 30, the orthographic projection of the reflective surface 321 of the reflective mirror 32 on the substrate 30, and the projection of the supporting ribs 114 on the substrate 30 The orthographic projections on the base material 30 are all staggered. Through this arrangement, the dislocation arrangement of the cladding beam 201, the preheating beam 202 and the support rib 114 is realized, and then the cladding beam 201, the preheating beam 202 and the support rib 114 are mutually non-interference. The reflection focusing mirror 31 and the reflection mirror 32 are circumferentially arranged outside the beam splitter 2 . In this embodiment, there are two focusing mirrors 31 and reflecting mirrors 32, which are arranged at intervals. Since there are two focusing mirrors 31 and two reflecting mirrors 32 , two cladding beams 201 and two preheating beams 202 are finally formed. In other implementation manners, other numbers of the reflective focusing mirror 31 and the reflective mirror 32 may be set according to actual needs. In order to make the cladding and preheating uniform, the distance between each preheating beam 202 and the central axis of the beam splitter 2 is the same, and the angle formed with the central axis of the beam splitter 2 is the same; The distance between the cladding beam 201 and the central axis of the beam splitter 2 is the same, and the included angle formed with the central axis of the beam splitter 2 is the same. The reflective focusing mirrors 31 are equally spaced and uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the central axis of the beam splitter 2 , and the reflective mirrors 32 are equally spaced and uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the central axis of the beam splitter 2 . In this embodiment, the reflective focusing mirror 31 and the reflective mirror 32 are arranged at equal intervals along the circumferential direction of the central axis of the beam splitter 2 . In order to facilitate installation and maintenance, the reflection focusing mirror 31 and the reflection mirror 32 are separate entities. In this embodiment, the reflection focusing surface 311 is an arc surface, and the reflection surface 321 is a plane. Since the reflective focusing surface 311 is an arcuate surface, part of the reflected light beam is reflected by the arcuate surface 311 to form a cladding beam 201 that can clad the material to be clad, so it can be clad on the substrate 30 The material is clad; since the reflective surface 321 is a plane, the beam formed by part of the reflected beam reflected by the plane 321 is a parallel beam (ie, the preheating beam 202), which does not have cladding effect, but it can play a role in preheating function, so it can preheat the base material 30 and the material to be clad.

Please refer to 1, FIG. 2 and FIG. 7, in this embodiment, the beam splitter 2 includes a first mirror portion 21 and a second mirror portion 22 arranged along the circumferential direction of the central axis of the beam splitter 2; The orthographic projection of the first mirror portion 21 projected on the base material 30, the orthographic projection of the second mirror portion 22 projected on the base material 30, and the orthographic projection of the supporting ribs projected on the base material are equal. stagger. The first mirror portion 21 receives part of the incident beam 10 and reflects the part of the incident beam 10 to form a first reflected beam 401, and the first reflected beam 401 is projected on the reflective focusing surface 311 to convert and form the molten Covering the light beam 201; the second mirror portion 22 receives part of the incident light beam 10 and reflects the part of the incident light beam 10 to form a second reflected light beam 402, and the second reflected light beam 402 is projected on the reflecting surface 321 to form The preheating beam 201 . The number of the first mirror parts 21 is two, and the number of the second mirror parts 22 is two. The two first mirror portions 21 and the two second mirror portions 22 are formed on one beam splitter (that is, an integrated structure). Certainly, the first mirror portion 21 and the second mirror portion 22 may be separate entities. The one-piece design can make the beam splitter 2 more compact and easy to install; while the split structure is helpful for subsequent maintenance and saves the cost of replacement and maintenance. Certainly, as shown in Fig. 9, the beam splitter 2" may also have a first mirror part 21" and a first mirror part 22", and the first mirror part 21" faces the reflective focusing surface and the reflective surface at the same time. The inclination angle between the central axis of the first mirror portion 21 ″ and the beam splitter 2 ″ is greater than 0 and less than 90°, so the first mirror portion 21 ″ can receive the incident light beam 10 ″ and form a reflected light beam, and then the reflected light beam passes through reflection The cladding beam and preheating beam are formed by the reflection of the focusing surface and the reflecting surface. Since the inclination angle between the central axis of the second mirror portion 22 ″ and the beam splitter 2 ″ is 0, it cannot receive the incident light beam 10 ″ and form a beam that cannot be reflected. Since the second mirror portion 22 ″ does not function , Therefore, the second mirror portion 22″ may not be provided, but only the first mirror portion 21″. Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 10 , the beam splitter (not labeled) can be a tapered device, and the first mirror portion (not labeled) is a tapered surface.

In this embodiment, the reflective focusing mirror 31 and the reflective mirror 32 are arranged at equal intervals along the circumferential direction of the central axis of the beam splitter 2 . Of course, in other embodiments, the reflection focusing mirror 31 and the reflection mirror 32 are arranged along the circumferential direction of the central axis of the beam splitter 2, and the reflection focus mirror 31 and the reflection mirror 32 are arranged along the height direction of the beam splitter 2. Arranged up and down; during this arrangement, the first mirror surface and the second mirror surface of the corresponding beam splitter can also be along the height direction of the beam splitter (this height direction is the direction shown by arrow a in Figure 8, and this height direction can reduce light The lost laser cladding feeding devices are arranged in the same height direction) up and down, as shown in Figure 8. In addition, except for this embodiment, only the first mirror surface, the second mirror surface and the supporting ribs can be dislocated, that is, the orthographic projection of the first mirror surface projected on the substrate, and the projection of the second mirror surface on the The orthographic projection on the base material and the orthographic projection of the support rib projected on the base material are all staggered. In such a structure, the reflective focusing surface and the reflective surface may adopt the settings in this embodiment, or the reflective focusing surface and the reflective surface may be ring-shaped horn-shaped structures.

Please refer to Fig. 2, the laser multi-beam feeding cladding and preheating device can be formed with an optical path cooling system for cooling medium circulation to cool down the support frame 1, beam splitter 2, and reflective focusing assembly 3, thereby extending The service life of the support frame 1, the beam splitter 2, and the reflective focusing assembly 3.

In summary: In summary, the above-mentioned laser multi-beam feeding cladding and preheating device has the following advantages:

1. The reflected beam is converted into a cladding beam 201 for cladding the material to be clad and a preheating beam 202 for preheating the material to be clad and/or the substrate 30 through the reflective focusing mirror 31 and the reflector 32, Thereby realizing two processes of cladding and preheating at the same time, among which, the cladding efficiency is improved by preheating the material to be clad, and the thermal stress of the molten layer is reduced by preheating the substrate 30 and the probability of defects such as thermal cracks is reduced;

2. Convert an incident beam 10 into a cladding beam 201 and a preheating beam 202 at the same time, thereby reducing the overall size, making the overall structure simple, and helping to reduce costs;

3. Through the setting of reflective focusing mirror 31 and reflective mirror 32, it can help to correct the reflection angle of the reflected light beam. Therefore, relatively speaking, even if there is a deviation in the reflected light beam, it can also be adjusted by adjusting reflective focusing mirror 31 and reflective mirror 32. Therefore, it has a larger tolerance range for the error value of the installation position of the beam splitter 2;

4. When the laser multi-beam feeding cladding and preheating device is running, since the position and size between the preheating beam 202, the material to be clad and the cladding beam 201 will not change, and they move synchronously with the nozzle 5, so It ensures the stability of the cladding process and helps to improve the surface quality and precision of the cladding layer;

5. Since the support frame 1 and the incident beam 10, reflected beam, cladding beam 201, and preheating beam 202 are all staggered, the support frame 1 and the incident beam 10, reflected beam, cladding beam 201, and preheating beam 202 can be made Both do not interfere, reduce the energy loss of the optical path, and improve the energy utilization rate.

The various technical features of the above-mentioned embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. To make the description concise, all possible combinations of the various technical features in the above-mentioned embodiments are not described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, should be considered as within the scope of this specification.

The above-mentioned embodiments only express several implementation modes of the present invention, and the description thereof is relatively specific and detailed, but it should not be construed as limiting the patent scope of the invention. It should be pointed out that those skilled in the art can make several modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the patent for the present invention should be based on the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. A laser multi-beam feeding cladding and preheating device, which is used to convert the incident beam to cladding the material to be clad on the substrate, the laser multi-beam feeding cladding and preheating device includes a support frame and a setting The beam splitter and reflective focusing assembly on the support frame is characterized in that the incident beam is converted into a reflected beam by the beam splitter, and the reflected beam is reflected along the circumference of the central axis of the beam splitter, so The reflective focusing assembly includes a reflective focusing surface and a reflective surface, both of which are facing the beam splitter; the reflective focusing surface reflects and focuses part of the reflected beam to form a cladding beam, and the cladding beam has an impact on the injection The material to be clad on the substrate is clad to form a molten pool; the reflective surface reflects part of the reflected light beam to form a preheating beam, and the preheating beam is on the material to be clad above the substrate Preheating, and/or the preheating beam preheats and slowly cools the substrate; the support frame is set in a staggered manner with the cladding beam and the preheating beam. 2 . The laser multi-beam feeding cladding and preheating device according to claim 1 , wherein a hollow part is formed on the support frame for the cladding beam and the preheating beam to pass through. 3. The laser multi-beam feeding cladding and preheating device as claimed in claim 2, wherein the support frame comprises a lower support frame and an upper support frame fixed on the lower support frame, and the lower support frame The frame includes an upper support frame installation part in a ring structure, a reflective focusing component installation part protruding upward on the upper support frame installation part, a fixing part and a connecting fixing part located in the hollow of the upper support frame installation part and the supporting ribs of the mounting part of the upper support frame, the mounting part of the reflective focusing assembly is ring-shaped, and the outer diameter of the mounting part of the upper supporting frame is larger than the diameter of the external circle of the mounting part of the reflective focusing assembly, and the upper supporting frame is installed on On the mounting part of the upper support frame, the reflective focusing assembly is installed on the mounting part of the reflective focusing assembly, the beam splitter is fixed on a fixing part, and the fixing part is not in contact with the mounting part of the upper supporting frame, and The hollow part is formed between the two for the cladding beam and the preheating beam to pass through, the projection of the supporting rib is located in the hollow part, and the supporting rib and the cladding beam and the preheating beam stagger. 4. The laser multi-beam feeding cladding and preheating device as claimed in claim 3, wherein the reflective focusing surface is arranged along the circumferential direction of the central axis of the beam splitter, and the reflective surface is arranged along the central axis of the beam splitter. The beamsplitters are arranged in the circumferential direction of the central axis, the orthographic projection of the reflective focusing surface projected on the substrate, the orthographic projection of the reflective surface projected on the substrate, and the projection of the supporting ribs on the substrate The orthographic projections on the material are all staggered. 5. The laser multi-beam feeding cladding and preheating device as claimed in claim 4, wherein the reflective focusing surface is evenly distributed at equal intervals along the circumferential direction of the central axis of the beam splitter, and the reflective surface The beam splitters are equally spaced and uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the central axis of the beam splitter. 6 . The laser multi-beam feeding cladding and preheating device according to claim 4 or 5 , characterized in that, the reflective focusing surfaces and reflective surfaces are arranged at intervals; or the reflective focusing surfaces and reflective surfaces are arranged up and down. 7. The laser multi-beam feeding cladding and preheating device according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that, the reflective focusing surfaces and the reflective surfaces are both in even numbers. 8. The laser multi-beam feeding cladding and preheating device according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the beam splitter includes first mirror portions arranged along the circumferential direction of the central axis of the beam splitter and the second mirror portion; the orthographic projection projected on the base material by the first mirror portion, the orthographic projection projected on the base material by the second mirror portion and the orthographic projection projected on the base material by the support rib The projections are all staggered; the first mirror part receives a part of the incident beam and reflects the part of the incident beam to form a first reflected beam, and the first reflected beam is projected on the reflective focusing surface to convert and form the cladding beam ; The second mirror portion receives a part of the incident beam and reflects the part of the incident beam to form a second reflected beam, and the second reflected beam is projected on the reflective surface to convert and form the preheating beam. 9. laser multi-beam feeding cladding and preheating device as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that, described spectroscope has first mirror portion, and described first mirror portion is simultaneously toward reflective focus surface and reflective surface, so The first mirror part can receive incident light beams and form reflected light beams, and the reflected light beams can be transformed into cladding light beams and preheating light beams through the reflection focusing surface and the reflection surface, respectively. 10. The laser multi-beam feeding cladding and preheating device according to claim 1, characterized in that the area of the reflection focusing surface is larger than the area of the reflection surface.