CN106756762B - 一种果汁机304奥氏体不锈钢旋片刀片的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种果汁机304奥氏体不锈钢旋片刀片的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106756762B
CN106756762B CN201611195352.2A CN201611195352A CN106756762B CN 106756762 B CN106756762 B CN 106756762B CN 201611195352 A CN201611195352 A CN 201611195352A CN 106756762 B CN106756762 B CN 106756762B
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stainless steel
nitrogen
fruit juice
plasma
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CN106756762A (zh
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于春娣
唐娟
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Qingdao Agricultural University
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
    • C23C8/34—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases more than one element being applied in more than one step
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
    • C23C8/36—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases using ionised gases, e.g. ionitriding
    • C23C8/38—Treatment of ferrous surfaces

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及果汁机304奥氏体不锈钢旋片刀片等离子氮碳共渗工艺，使304奥氏体不锈钢旋片刀片进行等离子氮碳共渗处理后，在不锈钢旋片刀片表面生成厚度大于15微米的硬化层，该硬化层为氮和碳在奥氏体中的过饱和固溶体(S相)，具有高硬度和高耐蚀的性能，各项技术指标均超过食品机械标准要求。

Description

一种果汁机304奥氏体不锈钢旋片刀片的制备方法
技术领域
本发明是一种热处理工艺，具体的说，是化学热处理中的等离子氮碳共渗工艺来改变不锈钢的性能。
背景技术
在食品加工过程中，304奥氏体不锈钢具有优良的耐蚀性能和可加工性能而被广泛应用，但它的硬度低(200～250HV)、耐磨性差，用304奥氏体不锈钢制造的食品机械零部件，尤其在酸性环境及耐磨场合，难以满足使用要求，影响这些零部件的使用寿命。
旋片刀片是果汁机中的重要部件，它是由2mm厚304奥氏体不锈钢制成。在果汁机打汁过程中，通过高速旋转的旋片刀片对水果进行破碎打汁。高速旋转导致旋片刀片磨损，某些水果的弱酸性导致旋片刀片酸蚀，所以对旋片刀片表面的要求是既要耐磨又要耐蚀。目前国内外高档果汁机采取的是用不同的表面硬化处理方法制造，如镀铬、化学镀镍等，生产处理过程污染且表层易脱落。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种果汁机304奥氏体不锈钢旋片刀片等离子氮碳共渗工艺。
本发明的技术方案是：使用外加热等离子渗氮设备，对果汁机304奥氏体不锈钢旋片刀片进行等离子氮碳共渗处理，在415℃保温40小时，使不锈钢表面生成厚度大于15微米的硬化层。
具体的工艺过程为：
第一步：将果汁机304奥氏体不锈钢旋片刀片放入等离子设备中，抽真空至真空度5帕；
第二步：充氮外加热，充入氮气至一个大气压，开启外加热，外加热温度为350℃；
第三步：待刀片温度达到300℃均热后，进行抽真空至极限真空；
第四步：等离子渗氮处理，持续向设备中通入氢气300ml/min、氮气900ml/min，维持炉内压力150Pa，开启高频电源；
第五步：等离子氮碳共渗处理，在刀片到达415℃后保持温度，均热30分钟，然后持续通入甲烷50ml/min，开始计时保温，保温时间为40小时；
第六步：冷却，保温结束后，关闭外加热、高频电源，充入氮气至一个大气压，开启内、外风机对产品进行冷却，当刀片温度低于100℃时，关停设备完成等离子氮碳共渗。
本发明的有益效果是：
本发明的果汁机304奥氏体不锈钢旋片刀片等离子氮碳共渗工艺，让刀片在弱酸环境下不锈蚀，在高速旋转时更耐磨。
对果汁机304奥氏体不锈钢旋片刀片进行了等离子氮碳共渗处理，在304奥氏体不锈钢旋片刀片表面生成厚度大于15微米厚的硬化层，该硬化层为氮和碳在奥氏体中的过饱和固溶体(S相)，具有高硬度和高耐蚀的性能。检测该硬化层的表面硬度大于1000HV0.02。XRD检测奥氏体不锈钢在等离子氮碳共渗处理后仍保持了原有的晶体结构。用电子探针EPMA分析硬化层内氮和碳的分布状态，硬化层内氮原子的最大浓度处在硬化层的表面，碳原子的最大浓度处在硬化层的次表面。用电化学法测量等离子氮碳共渗处理后304奥氏体不锈钢旋片刀片耐蚀性能，在16小时的测试时间内恒电势试验的响应均在0.3C/cm2以下。
附图说明
图1为本发明的工艺曲线图；
图2为本发明制备的刀片的金相检测图片；
图3为本发明制备的刀片的XRD检测曲线；
图4为本发明制备的刀片的电子探针EPMA检测曲线；
图5为本发明制备的刀片的电化学检测曲线。
具体实施方式
在离子渗氮设备(青岛丰东热处理有限公司生产，型号：FD—WR120/150—150)中，对果汁机304奥氏体不锈钢旋片刀片进行等离子氮碳共渗处理。
第一步：将果汁机304奥氏体不锈钢旋片刀片放入等等离子设备中，抽真空至真空度5帕；
第二步：充氮外加热，充入氮气至一个大气压，开启外加热，外加热温度为350℃；
第三步：待刀片温度达到300℃均热后，进行抽真空至极限真空；
第四步：等离子渗氮处理，持续向设备中通入氢气300ml/min、氮气900ml/min，维持炉内压力150Pa，开启高频电源；
第五步：等离子氮碳共渗处理，在刀片到达415℃后保持温度，均热30分钟，然后持续通入甲烷50ml/min，开始计时保温，保温时间为40小时；
第六步：冷却，保温结束后，关闭外加热、高频电源，充入氮气至一个大气压，开启内、外风机对产品进行冷却，当刀片温度低于100℃时，关停设备完成等离子氮碳共渗。
以上所述，仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已，并非是对本发明作其它形式的限制，任何熟悉本专业的技术人员可能利用上述揭示的技术内容加以变更或改型为等同变化的等效实施例。但是凡是未脱离本发明技术方案内容，依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化与改型，仍属于本发明技术方案的保护范围。

Claims (1)

1.一种果汁机304奥氏体不锈钢旋片刀片的制备方法，其特征在于，对果汁机304奥氏体不锈钢旋片刀片进行等离子氮碳共渗处理，在415℃保温40小时，使不锈钢表面生成厚度大于15微米的硬化层；
具体步骤如下：
第一步：将果汁机304奥氏体不锈钢旋片刀片放入等离子设备中，抽真空至真空度5帕；
第二步：充氮外加热，充入氮气至一个大气压，开启外加热，外加热温度为350℃；
第三步：待刀片温度达到300℃均热后，进行抽真空至极限真空；
第四步：等离子渗氮处理，持续向设备中通入氢气300ml/min、氮气900ml/min，维持炉内压力150Pa，开启高频电源；
第五步：等离子氮碳共渗处理，在刀片到达415℃后保持温度，均热30分钟，然后持续通入甲烷50ml/min，开始计时保温，保温时间为40小时；
第六步：冷却，保温结束后，关闭外加热、高频电源，充入氮气至一个大气压，开启内、外风机对产品进行冷却，当刀片温度低于100℃时，关停设备完成等离子氮碳共渗。
CN201611195352.2A 2016-12-22 2016-12-22 一种果汁机304奥氏体不锈钢旋片刀片的制备方法 Active CN106756762B (zh)

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