CN106756365B - A kind of low cost high-speed extrusion magnesium alloy materials and its preparation process - Google Patents

A kind of low cost high-speed extrusion magnesium alloy materials and its preparation process Download PDF

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CN106756365B
CN106756365B CN201510824616.5A CN201510824616A CN106756365B CN 106756365 B CN106756365 B CN 106756365B CN 201510824616 A CN201510824616 A CN 201510824616A CN 106756365 B CN106756365 B CN 106756365B
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extrusion
magnesium alloy
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alloy materials
low cost
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陈荣石
姜明光
闫宏
侯丹辉
马跃群
柯伟
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Institute of Metal Research of CAS
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C23/00Alloys based on magnesium
    • C22C23/04Alloys based on magnesium with zinc or cadmium as the next major constituent
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C23/00Alloys based on magnesium
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22FCHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/06Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of magnesium or alloys based thereon

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of inexpensive high-speed extrusion magnesium alloy materials and its preparation processes, belong to technical field of metal material;The chemical composition comprises the following components in percentage by weight of squeeze wood are as follows: Zn 0.1~0.9%, Ca 0.1~0.5%, Mn 0~0.5%, and also alloying element total content is no more than 1.5wt.%, and remaining is Mg and inevitable impurity;It is produced using speed of the muzzle velocity not less than 24m/min is squeezed, squeezes high production efficiency, reduce the cost of squeeze wood, squeeze wood surface is smooth, without any face crack, has ensured squeeze wood yield rate;Squeeze wood has weak non-basal plane texture, maximum pole density value≤4 simultaneously.The alloying element content of squeeze wood of the invention is low, is free of rare earth element and other precious metal elements, at low cost.

Description

A kind of low cost high-speed extrusion magnesium alloy materials and its preparation process
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of metal material, and in particular to a kind of low cost high-speed extrusion magnesium alloy materials and its system Standby technique.
Background technique
Magnesium alloy as most light structural metallic materials, have specific strength and specific stiffness is high, thermal conductivity and excellent conductivity, Electromagnetic shielding performance is good, the series of advantages such as recyclable, is known as " 21st century green structural material ".Automobile work in recent years Enhancing of the fast development and people of industry to vehicle energy saving, safe and environment-friendly consciousness leads magnesium alloy in communications and transportation such as automobiles Domain is more and more concerned.But since magnesium alloy is Patterns for Close-Packed Hexagonal Crystal structure, plastic deformation ability is poor, limits its rule Modelling application.
It is squeezed and deformed effective hot-working method that processing is a kind of refiner material crystal grain and tissue;Being squeezed and deformed processing makes material Material bears biggish deflection during once-forming, and stomata in ingot casting, loose and shrinkage cavity are not only eliminated after extrusion process The defects of, also improvement extruded product performance improves the intensity and plasticity of material, and extruded product is wide in variety, specification is complete, can be with Obtain plate, bar, profile and tubing.However compared with aluminium alloy, magnesium alloy extrusion high production cost seriously limits it It commercially produces and applies.Produce the automobile profile of same size, even 3 times higher than aluminium alloy of the cost of magnesium alloy extrusion it More, this is mainly caused by magnesium alloy extrusion speed is low.For example, the extruding muzzle velocity of typical commercial magnesium alloy AZ31 is in 10- 20m/min is the 1/5-1/2 of typical aluminium alloy, and business magnesium alloy AZ61, AZ80 and ZK60 alloy with higher-strength Extrusion speed is only the 1/10 of typical aluminium alloy.So reducing the production of magnesium alloy extrusion by the means for improving extrusion speed Cost, the application to wrought magnesium alloy is promoted, opens up a market particularly important.
China Patent Publication No. CN101805866A discloses a kind of wrought magnesium alloy and preparation method thereof of high-speed extrusion, The patent uses the extrusion process using muzzle velocity not less than 15m/min to produce, but the squeeze wood of the patent contain it is a large amount of dilute Earth metal Elements C e and Y, cause density of material larger, at high cost.Therefore, China Patent Publication No. CN104032195A is disclosed A kind of wrought magnesium alloy of the high-speed extrusion containing a small amount of rare earth element, chemical component be 0.1~0.8wt.%Al, 0.1~ 0.6wt.%Ca, 0.1~0.6wt.%Mn, 0.05~0.4wt.%La, remaining is Mg.The patent uses outlet maximum speed not Crushing failure at high speed technique production less than 20m/min, but the squeeze wood in the patent still contains a small amount of rare-earth elements La.
In conclusion currently on the market, wrought magnesium alloy type is very less and extrusion speed is low, price occupies high, Wu Fa The fields such as aerospace, automobile, high-speed rail, 3C Product are widely applied.Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop high extrusion speed and not Low-cost magnesium alloy squeeze wood and its processing preparation process containing rare earth element and precious metal element, reduce wrought magnesium alloy and squeeze The production cost of material is of great significance to wrought magnesium alloy commercial applications are promoted.
Summary of the invention
For current business magnesium alloy, the extrusion speed such as Mg-Al-Zn system and Mg-Zn-Zr system squeeze wood is low, at high cost The problem of, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of inexpensive high-speed extrusion magnesium alloy materials and its preparation process, the magnesium alloys Rare earth element and other precious metal elements are free of in material, speed of the magnesium alloy extrusion using outlet not less than 24m/min is squeezed Technique production is pressed, gained squeeze wood surface is smooth, without face crack, while squeeze wood has weak non-basal plane texture, maximum Pole density value≤4.The cost of the alloying element of magnesium alloy extrusion of the present invention is low, and extrusion speed is high, greatly reduces squeeze wood Cost, to push wrought magnesium alloy the fields such as aerospace, automobile, high-speed rail, 3C Product application have positive effect.
To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is as follows:
A kind of low cost high-speed extrusion magnesium alloy materials, which is Mg-Zn-Ca-Mn system alloy, with weight hundred Divide than meter, chemical component are as follows: Zn 0.1~0.9%, Ca 0.1~0.5%, Mn 0~0.5%, remaining is Mg and can not The impurity avoided;In the magnesium alloy materials, total content≤1.5wt.% of alloy element Zn, Ca and Mn element.
High-speed extrusion technique of the extruding muzzle velocity not less than 24m/min is taken to prepare magnesium alloy extrusion.The magnesium alloy The texture of squeeze wood is weak non-basal plane texture, maximum pole density value≤4;Squeeze wood surface is smooth, no face crack.
The high-speed extrusion magnesium alloy materials are prepared using hot extrusion technique, and technique specifically comprises the following steps:
1) it is with pure Mg ingot, pure Zn ingot, pure Mn ingot (or Mg-Mn intermediate alloy) and pure Ca (or Mg-Ca intermediate alloy) Raw material carries out ingredient by required magnesium alloy extrusion ingredient;
2) alloy raw material is put into the crucible of smelting furnace and is melted, be prepared into alloy cast ingot;
3) alloy cast ingot of preparation is cut into extrusion billet;
4) extrusion billet is heated to be squeezed and deformed 250~500 DEG C of temperature;
5) required squeeze wood is processed into using hot extrusion technique, extruding muzzle velocity is 24~100m/min, extrusion ratio 5 ~80.
Above-mentioned steps 2) in, alloy cast ingot is produced using metal mold, sand mold gravitational casting or semi-continuous casting method.
Above-mentioned steps 3) in, through Homogenization Treatments, Homogenization Treatments technique before ingot casting cutting processing are as follows: first 350~ Under the conditions of 400 DEG C heat preservation 1~for 24 hours, then heat to 420~480 DEG C heat preservation 1~for 24 hours.
The design principle of low cost high-speed extrusion magnesium alloy extrusion of the invention is as follows:
Compared with aluminium alloy, low extrusion speed is to lead to magnesium alloy extrusion high production cost, it is difficult to be commercialized popularization Main cause.Business magnesium alloy can not achieve high-speed extrusion, be primarily due to such as Mg-Al-Zn system and Mg-Zn-Zr system alloy Raised temperature exceeds the solidus temperature of material itself during high-speed extrusion, and material is caused to overheat or melt, final to squeeze Material generates face crack.Alloying element content is reduced, especially reducing and capable of reducing the constituent content of alloy solidus temperature is to mention The effective ways of high magnesium alloy extrusion speed.Therefore, the selection of alloying element and the control of content to magnesium alloy materials itself at Originally, hot extrusion performance and tissue, texture and the performance of squeeze wood play decisive role.
Common alloy element has Al, Zn, Ca, Mn, rare earth element etc. in magnesium alloy.For the cost for controlling magnesium alloy Addition rare earth element and other precious metal elements should be avoided in (alloy material, smelting cost etc.).However, trace rare-earth element Addition can generate apparent texture attenuation effect, for example, the rare-earth-contained magnesium alloy after rolling and extrusion deformation forms non-basal plane Texture.In particular, extruding texture is different from typical basal plane fibrous texture, it is formed in parallel with<11-21>non-base of the direction of extrusion Plane texture component, this texture are referred to as " rare earth " texture.This magnesium alloy with non-basal plane texture is along the direction of extrusion When stress, non-basal plane texture is advantageous for starting a large amount of (0001)<11-20>basal slip dislocation and { 10-12 }<10-1- 1 > stretching is twin, to significantly improve its temperature-room type plasticity, while improving tension and compression surrender asymmetry.Currently, rare earth element is to magnesium The mechanism study of alloy texture attenuation is not still fully aware of.It has been recognized that due to rare earth atom and Mg atom have it is larger Atomic radiuses difference, be easy to hinder dislocation and crystal boundary migration ability, take to influence crystal grain in recrystallization process in cyrystal boundary segregation To variation, but direct evidence there is no to go to prove this explanation.
Similar with rare earth element, the atomic radius of Ca element is also bigger than magnesium, therefore guesses and Ca element is added in magnesium alloy It can may also equally play the effect of reduction texture.But our research is found after Ca element is added in Mg-Zn alloy, After low speed extrusion process, due to the non-perfect recrystallization tissue of formation, a large amount of Deformation structures with strong basis plane texture are remained, To form strong basal plane texture.It is contemplated that in Mg-Zn-Ca alloy, if high-speed extrusion technique is taken to produce, due to The effect of the temperature and strain field that are formed in extrusion process may change Ca solid solution atom and interaction the defects of dislocation, crystal boundary Different deformation mechanisms (such as secondary twinning and shear band) can occur for effect, so that the recrystallization process squeezed is influenced, It may finally lead to the variation of squeeze wood texture, or even obtain weak non-basal plane texture.
On the other hand, the second phase of Dynamic Precipitation small and dispersed in extrusion process is understood in the addition of Zn and Ca element.According to Ca can be precipitated in Zn/Ca ratio2Mg6Zn3、Mg2Ca and different MgZn are equal, these precipitated phases fusing point with higher can be kept away Exempt from that fusing cracking occurs because temperature rises in extrusion process, high-speed extrusion can be implemented in guarantee.And these precipitate sizes It is tiny, it is uniformly precipitated in transgranular and crystal boundary, squeeze wood temperature-room type plasticity will not be damaged, while the precipitated phase on crystal boundary can be with pinning crystalline substance Boundary, crystal grain grows up effectively in obstruction extrusion process.In addition, Mn is to improve corrosion resistance for controlling iron content in magnesium alloy Can important alloy element, the present invention in Mn element can effectively refine be squeezed and deformed after crystallite dimension, promote squeeze become The precipitation of tiny second phase during shape.
To sum up, the present invention selects common alloy elements Zn, Ca and Mn cheap, at low cost, and uses low alloying, Additive amount is few, and the content of Zn, Ca and Mn of alloy are no more than 1wt.%.Low alloying is to guarantee can be implemented high speed and squeeze Compressive strain to reduce the production cost of magnesium alloy extrusion, while can reduce the load applied in extrusion process used for forming, subtract Less to the maintenance cost of the loss of extrusion equipment, saving equipment.On the other hand, squeeze wood will obtain excellent forming property, answer Weak non-basal plane texture is obtained, and avoids coarse brittlement phase from being formed, or reduce the quantity of these phases as far as possible.Therefore, this hair Bright Zn, Ca, Mn content scope of design is respectively as follows: 0.1~0.9wt.% of Zn, and Ca 0.1~0.5wt.%, Mn 0~ 0.5wt.%, and alloying element total content is no more than 1.5wt.%.
The present invention has the advantage that
1, rare earth element and other expensive metals are free of in magnesium alloy of the invention and alloying element content is few, alloy member Plain total content maximum is no more than 1.5wt.%, and alloy density is small, at low cost;
2, the extruding muzzle velocity that magnesium alloy extrusion of the present invention uses is not less than 24m/min, squeezes high production efficiency, drop Low extruded product cost, and squeeze wood surface it is smooth, without any surface crack defect, ensured squeeze wood yield rate;
3, the deformed magnesium alloy of high-speed extrusion of the present invention is weak non-basal plane texture, is conducive to improve the modeling of squeeze wood room temperature Property, tension and compression surrender asymmetry, improve its subsequent Plastic Forming performance.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the macro morphology photo after magnesium alloy high speed extrusion process.
Fig. 2 is the direction of extrusion inverse pole figure after magnesium alloy extrusion processing.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.It is emphasized that following embodiment is merely to illustrate the present invention, And limitation of the invention is not it.
Embodiment 1
1) use metal mold gravitational casting, Mg-Zn-Ca-Mn through conventional smelting and pouring magnesium alloy be 80mm × 180mm × The ingot casting of 200mm, alloying component weight percent are Zn:0.21%, Ca:0.30%, Mn:0.14%, and content of magnesium is more than balance Amount;
2) ingot casting is warming up to the Homogenization Treatments of 450 DEG C of heat preservation 10h in 400 DEG C of heat preservation 10h therewith, it then will be uniform The ingot casting for changing processing is cut into corresponding extrusion billet;
3) extrusion die is heated to be squeezed and deformed 400 DEG C of temperature, then extrusion billet is put into extrusion cylinder and is heated 8min, high-speed extrusion is processed into bar after extrusion billet reaches 400 DEG C of deformation temperature, and extruding muzzle velocity is 60m/min, squeezes Than being 20;
4) squeeze wood surface is smooth, without any face crack, sees Fig. 1;Squeeze wood texture is weak non-basal plane texture, non-base Plane texture component is between<2-1-12>and<2-1-11>orientation, and maximum pole density value is 1.8, sees Fig. 2.
Embodiment 2
1) use metal mold gravitational casting, Mg-Zn-Ca-Mn through conventional smelting and pouring magnesium alloy be 80mm × 180mm × The ingot casting of 200mm, alloying component weight percent are Zn:0.43%, Ca:0.14%, Mn:0.28%, and content of magnesium is more than balance Amount;
2) ingot casting is warming up to the Homogenization Treatments of 440 DEG C of heat preservation 4h in 380 DEG C of heat preservation 6h therewith, it then will homogenization The ingot casting of processing is cut into corresponding extrusion billet;
3) first extrusion die is heated to be squeezed and deformed 300 DEG C of temperature, then extrusion billet is put into extrusion cylinder and is heated 5min, high-speed extrusion is processed into bar after extrusion billet reaches 300 DEG C of deformation temperature, and extruding muzzle velocity is 60m/min, squeezes Than being 20;
4) squeeze wood surface is smooth, without any face crack, sees Fig. 1;Squeeze wood texture is the weak non-non- base of basal plane texture Plane texture, non-basal plane texture component are between<2-1-14>and<2-1-12>orientation, and maximum pole density value is 2.3, see figure 2。
Embodiment 3
1) use metal mold gravitational casting, Mg-Zn-Ca-Mn through conventional smelting and pouring magnesium alloy be 80mm × 180mm × The ingot casting of 200mm, alloying component weight percent are Zn:0.53%, Ca:0.24%, Mn:0.27%, and content of magnesium is more than balance Amount;
2) ingot casting is warming up to the Homogenization Treatments of 450 DEG C of heat preservation 12h in 400 DEG C of heat preservation 12h therewith, it then will be uniform The ingot casting for changing processing is cut into corresponding extrusion billet;
3) first extrusion die is heated to be squeezed and deformed 300 DEG C of temperature, then extrusion billet is put into extrusion cylinder and is heated 5min, high-speed extrusion is processed into bar after extrusion billet reaches 300 DEG C of deformation temperature, and extruding muzzle velocity is 24m/min, squeezes Than being 20;
4) squeeze wood surface is smooth, without any face crack, sees Fig. 1;Squeeze wood texture is weak non-basal plane texture, non-base Plane texture component is between<2-1-14>and<2-1-12>orientation, and maximum pole density value is 2.3, sees Fig. 2.
Embodiment 4
1) use metal mold gravitational casting, Mg-Zn-Ca-Mn through conventional smelting and pouring magnesium alloy be 80mm × 180mm × The ingot casting of 200mm, alloying component weight percent are Zn:0.71%, Ca:0.36%, Mn:0.07%, and content of magnesium is more than balance Amount;
2) ingot casting is warming up to the Homogenization Treatments of 450 DEG C of heat preservation 12h in 400 DEG C of heat preservation 12h therewith, it then will be uniform The ingot casting for changing processing is cut into corresponding extrusion billet;
3) first extrusion die is heated to be squeezed and deformed 300 DEG C of temperature, then extrusion billet is put into extrusion cylinder and is heated 5min, high-speed extrusion is processed into bar after extrusion billet reaches 300 DEG C of deformation temperature, and extruding muzzle velocity is 24m/min, squeezes Than being 20;
4) squeeze wood surface is smooth, without any face crack;Squeeze wood texture is weak non-basal plane texture, non-basal plane texture Component is between<2-1-14>and<2-1-12>orientation, and maximum pole density value is 2.1, sees Fig. 2.
Comparative example 1
Contrived experiment magnesium alloy ingredient and casting method, blank preparatory technology are same as Example 1;
1) first extrusion die is heated to be squeezed and deformed 300 DEG C of temperature, then extrusion billet is put into extrusion cylinder and is heated 5min, high-speed extrusion is processed into bar after extrusion billet reaches 300 DEG C of deformation temperature, and extruding muzzle velocity is 1.2m/min, squeezes Pressure ratio is 20;
4) squeeze wood surface is smooth, without any face crack;Squeeze wood texture is typical strong basis plane texture, basal plane group Divide and be parallel to<10-10>orientation, maximum pole density value is 14, sees Fig. 2.
Comparative example 2
Contrived experiment magnesium alloy ingredient and casting method, blank preparatory technology are same as Example 4;
1) first extrusion die is heated to be squeezed and deformed 300 DEG C of temperature, then extrusion billet is put into extrusion cylinder and is heated 5min, high-speed extrusion is processed into bar after extrusion billet reaches 300 DEG C of deformation temperature, and extruding muzzle velocity is 1.2m/min, squeezes Pressure ratio is 20;
2) squeeze wood surface is smooth, without any face crack;Squeeze wood texture is typical strong basis plane texture, basal plane group Divide and be parallel to<10-10>orientation, maximum pole density value is 19, sees Fig. 2.
Table 1

Claims (6)

1. a kind of low cost high-speed extrusion magnesium alloy materials, it is characterised in that: the magnesium alloy materials are the conjunction of Mg-Zn-Ca-Mn system Gold, by weight percentage, chemical component are as follows: Zn 0.1~0.9%, Ca 0.1~0.36%, Mn 0.07~0.28%, Remaining is Mg and inevitable impurity;The magnesium alloy materials take high speed of the extruding muzzle velocity not less than 24m/min to squeeze Pressure technique is prepared as magnesium alloy extrusion;The texture of the magnesium alloy extrusion is weak non-basal plane texture, maximum pole density value ≤4。
2. low cost high-speed extrusion magnesium alloy materials according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in the magnesium alloy materials, Total content≤1.5wt.% of tri- kinds of alloy element Zn, Ca and Mn elements.
3. low cost high-speed extrusion magnesium alloy materials according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the magnesium alloy extrusion Surface is smooth, no face crack.
4. the preparation process of low cost high-speed extrusion magnesium alloy materials according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the technique Include the following steps:
1) using pure Mg ingot, pure Zn ingot, pure Mn ingot or Mg-Mn intermediate alloy, pure Ca or Mg-Ca intermediate alloy as raw material, by required Magnesium alloy extrusion ingredient carries out ingredient;
2) alloy raw material is put into the crucible of smelting furnace and is melted, be prepared into alloy cast ingot;
3) alloy cast ingot of preparation is cut into extrusion billet;
4) extrusion billet is heated to be squeezed and deformed 250~500 DEG C of temperature;
5) required squeeze wood is processed into using hot extrusion technique, extrudings muzzle velocity is 24~100m/min, extrusion ratio for 5~ 80。
5. the preparation process of low cost high-speed extrusion magnesium alloy materials according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: step 2) In, alloy cast ingot is produced using metal mold, sand mold gravitational casting or semi-continuous casting method.
6. the preparation process of low cost high-speed extrusion magnesium alloy materials according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: step 3) In, through Homogenization Treatments, Homogenization Treatments technique before ingot casting cutting processing are as follows: first under the conditions of 350~400 DEG C heat preservation 1~ For 24 hours, then heat to 420~480 DEG C heat preservation 1~for 24 hours.
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CN108097733B (en) * 2018-01-22 2023-07-21 中国科学院金属研究所 Extrusion-torsion composite processing die and method capable of realizing multidirectional shearing
CN108486445B (en) * 2018-04-13 2020-08-14 上海海洋大学 Magnesium alloy capable of being rapidly extruded and formed and preparation method thereof
CN109576543B (en) * 2019-01-18 2020-09-01 中南大学 Method for improving long-time service life of magnesium alloy by baking
CN114574745A (en) * 2022-03-08 2022-06-03 哈尔滨工程大学 Low-cost high-performance magnesium rare earth alloy capable of adapting to various extrusion conditions and preparation method thereof

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CN101792878A (en) * 2009-02-01 2010-08-04 北京有色金属研究总院 Heat-conducting and corrosion-resistant magnesium alloy and preparation method thereof
CN103627938A (en) * 2012-08-27 2014-03-12 中国科学院金属研究所 High-strength magnesium alloy extruded seamless tube and making technology thereof
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