CN106756258A - 软质金属冠及其加工方法 - Google Patents

软质金属冠及其加工方法 Download PDF

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CN106756258A
CN106756258A CN201710066219.5A CN201710066219A CN106756258A CN 106756258 A CN106756258 A CN 106756258A CN 201710066219 A CN201710066219 A CN 201710066219A CN 106756258 A CN106756258 A CN 106756258A
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李洪文
王萌
高运周
陈莹莹
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Aidit (qinhuangdao) Polytron Technologies Inc
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    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C19/00Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
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    • A61K6/00Preparations for dentistry
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    • A61K6/84Preparations for artificial teeth, for filling teeth or for capping teeth comprising metals or alloys
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
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    • B22F3/00Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/10Sintering only
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    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
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    • B22F2003/247Removing material: carving, cleaning, grinding, hobbing, honing, lapping, polishing, milling, shaving, skiving, turning the surface
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    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
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    • B22F2998/00Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
    • B22F2998/10Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps

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Abstract

本申请公开了一种软质金属冠及其加工方法,该加工方法包括以下步骤:(1)计算软质金属块所需的钴铬钼合金粉的重量;(2)称量钴铬钼合金粉,加入添加剂,混合搅拌均匀,得到混合的粉料;所述钴铬钼合金粉包括以下重量百分比的组分:Cr含量27.0%‑29.0%、Mo含量5.5%‑6.5%、O含量0.05%以下,其余为Co含量;(3)将混合的粉料风干,将造粒后的钴铬钼合金粉压制后烘干,即可得到软质金属块;(4)先用CAD设计牙冠,再用牙科铣床切削,之后烧结得到软质金属冠。本发明采用牙科铣床切削软质金属块比较容易,大大降低了车针的磨耗。本发明的加工精度较传统铸造工艺更高一些,能够大大减少人力物力的投入,加快生产速度,降低成本,提高生产效率。

Description

软质金属冠及其加工方法
技术领域
本公开一般涉及牙齿制作领域,具体涉及软质金属冠及其加工方法。
背景技术
目前用于制作牙齿内冠的材料有主要有镍铬合金烤瓷冠、钴铬合金烤瓷冠、钛合金烤瓷冠、纯钛烤瓷冠、金铂合金烤瓷冠等等。镍铬烤瓷冠是由金属镍铬合金铸造而成,在复杂的口腔环境中,暴露在口腔中的金属部分会慢慢分解并释放黑色的氧化物从而导致局部组织染色,会形成牙龈黑线甚至过敏等症状;纯钛内冠生物相容性比较好,质量轻,化学性能稳定,机械强度高,可以算是比较理想的金属类口腔修复材料,但由于钛的熔点高,易氧化,纯钛的热膨胀系数远低于瓷粉的热膨胀系数,导致纯钛烤瓷牙崩瓷机率要高出其他种类的烤瓷牙;金铂合金烤瓷冠的价格比较昂贵,使用的患者不多。
钴铬合金最早用于制作人工关节,具有良好的生物相容性,目前已经广泛应用到口腔领域。因为钴铬合金不含对人体有害的镍元素和铍元素,安全可靠且价格合理,所以钴铬合金烤瓷牙已成为金属烤瓷的首选。钴铬钼合金是由钴铬合金发展而来的,在钴铬合金中添加Mo元素能得到较细的晶粒并具有较高的强度,适合大多数牙齿的修复,尤其适合后牙固定桥等的固定修复。钴铬钼合金烤瓷冠的优点就是具有较强的金属稳定性,耐腐蚀性较高,一般情况下是不会出现黑色牙龈或者牙龈出血的现象。与贵金属烤瓷牙以及全瓷牙相比,钴铬钼烤瓷牙的费用要低得多,但是仍存在不易加工的缺点。
发明内容
鉴于现有技术中的上述缺陷或不足,期望提供一种易于加工、降低成本,提高生产效率软质金属冠的加工方法。
第一方面,本发明提供一种软质金属冠的加工方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)根据模具计算出制备软质金属块所需的钴铬钼合金粉的重量;
(2)称量钴铬钼合金粉,往钴铬钼合金粉中加入添加剂混合搅拌均匀,得到混合的粉料;
所述钴铬钼合金粉包括以下重量百分比的组分:
Cr含量27.0%-29.0%、Mo含量5.5%-6.5%、O含量0.05%以下、其余为Co含量;
(3)再将混合的粉料进行风干,将风干的粉料进行造粒,将造粒后的钴铬钼合金粉进行压制,压制后进行烘干,即可得到软质金属块;
(4)对软质金属块切削后再进行烧结,得到软质金属冠。
所述步骤(4)还包括使用CAD,Computer Aided Design计算机辅助设计或CAM,computer Aided Manufacturing计算机辅助制造系统设计出软质金属冠,再根据设计参数采用牙科铣床对软质金属块进行切削,得到软质金属冠的生坯,对软质金属冠的生坯进行烧结,得到软质金属冠。
所述钴铬钼合金粉的粉体粒度分布为400-500目的占80%-85%。
所述添加剂为PEG2000(聚乙二醇)、SD-2X(一种硬质合金成型剂),SBP(苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯)中的至少一种,所述添加剂用量为钴铬钼合金粉重量的0.5%-2.5%。
所述烘干的温度为90-110℃,时间为50-70min。
所述压制包括采用干压机进行干压成型,然后采用等静压成型机进行等静压成型。
所述干压成型的压力在5-8MPa,干压成型的保压时间在10-20s;等静压成型的压力230-250MPa,等静压成型保压时间为50-70s。
所述烧结的温度为1270-1290℃,烧结时间为340-400min。
第二方面,本发明还提供一种软质金属冠,按照上述的加工方法制备得到。
本发明采用牙科铣床切削软质金属块比较容易,大大降低了车针的磨耗。本发明的加工精度较传统铸造工艺更高一些,能够大大减少人力物力的投入,加快生产速度,降低成本,提高生产效率。
附图说明
通过阅读参照以下附图所作的对非限制性实施例所作的详细描述,本申请的其它特征、目的和优点将会变得更明显:
图1为本发明实施例提供的软质金属块的制作流程图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本申请作进一步的详细说明。可以理解的是,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用于解释相关发明,而非对该发明的限定。另外还需要说明的是,为了便于描述,附图中仅示出了与发明相关的部分。
需要说明的是,在不冲突的情况下,本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。下面将参考附图并结合实施例来详细说明本申请。
参见图1,本发明的软质金属块的制作流程:
步骤S100,金属粉称量:
用天平称量金属粉;
步骤S101,添加剂的量取:
再使用滴管滴加添加剂到金属粉中;
步骤S102,将金属粉与添加剂混合:
使用搅拌机将金属粉和添加剂混合均匀;
步骤S103,将混合后的粉料风干;
步骤S104,将风干后的粉料进行造粒:
将风干后的粉料过筛后进行造粒;
步骤S105,干压成型:
使用干压机干压成型;
步骤S106,等静压成型:
使用等静压成型机等静压成型;
步骤S107,将混合后的粉料进行烘干:
然后使用烘干机进行烘干,烘干温度控制在90-110℃之间,时间为50-70min;
步骤S108,性能分析测试:
性能分析测试,包括使用密度测量系统测量密度、维氏硬度计测量硬度、万能试验机用来测试力学性能,力学性能包括抗拉伸强度和0.2%屈服强度,合格品的要求:烧结后密度在7.2-7.8g/cm3范围内,维氏硬度在200-300HV之间,抗拉伸强度在600MPa以上,0.2%屈服强度在300MPa以上,为合格品,不合格品做废处理,
步骤S109,刷标:
合格品最后刷标打包,即包装后粘贴公司商标。
实施例1
一种软质金属冠的加工方法,所述方法包括:
(1)根据模具计算出制备软质金属块所需的钴铬钼合金粉的重量;
(2)称量钴铬钼合金粉,给钴铬钼合金粉中加入添加剂SBP苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯,混合搅拌均匀,得到混合的粉料;SBP的添加量为钴铬钼合金粉重量的1%;
所述钴铬钼合金粉包括以下重量百分比的组分:
Cr含量28%、Mo含量6.0%、O含量0.05%、其余为Co含量;
钴铬钼合金粉的粉体粒度分布为400-500目的占83%;
(3)再将混合的粉料风干,室温25℃风干30分钟,将风干的粉料过400目筛网后进行造粒,将造粒后的钴铬钼合金粉采用干压机在压力6.5MPa下压制15s干压成型,然后采用等静压成型机在240MPa下压制1分钟进行等静压成型,再放入烘干机在100℃下干燥时间1小时,进行烘干,即可得到软质金属块;
(4)使用CAD,Computer Aided Design计算机辅助设计或CAM,computer AidedManufacturing计算机辅助制造系统设计出软质金属冠,再根据设计参数采用牙科铣床对软质金属块进行切削,得到软质金属冠的生坯,对软质金属冠的生坯进行烧结,烧结温度为1280℃,时间为370min,得到软质金属冠。
烧结后软质金属块密度7.72g/cm3,维氏硬度在240HV,抗拉伸强度在600MPa以上,0.2%屈服强度在350MPa。
实施例2
一种软质金属冠的加工方法,所述方法包括:
(1)根据模具计算出制备软质金属块所需的钴铬钼合金粉的重量;
(2)称量钴铬钼合金粉,给钴铬钼合金粉中加入添加剂SD-2X混合搅拌均匀,得到混合的粉料;SD-2X的添加量为钴铬钼合金粉重量的2.5%;SD-2X购置于株洲市荷塘区腾飞硬质合金成型剂有限公司;
所述钴铬钼合金粉包括以下重量百分比的组分:
Cr含量27.0%、Mo含量6.5%、O含量0.03、其余为Co含量;
钴铬钼合金粉的粉体粒度分布为400-500目的占80%;
(3)再将混合的粉料再将混合的粉料风干,室温23℃风干20分钟,将风干的粉料过300目筛网后进行造粒,将造粒后的钴铬钼合金粉采用干压机在压力5MPa下压制20s干压成型,然后采用等静压成型机在250MPa下压制50s进行等静压成型,再放入烘干机在110℃下干燥时间50分钟,进行烘干,即可得到软质金属块;
(4)使用CAD,Computer Aided Design计算机辅助设计或CAM,computer AidedManufacturing计算机辅助制造系统设计出软质金属冠,再根据设计参数采用牙科铣床对软质金属块进行切削,得到软质金属冠的生坯,对软质金属冠的生坯进行烧结,烧结温度为1290℃,时间为340min,得到软质金属冠。
烧结后软质金属块密度7.5g/cm3,维氏硬度在200HV,抗拉伸强度在610MPa,0.2%屈服强度在380MPa。
实施例3
一种软质金属冠的加工方法,所述方法包括:
(1)根据模具计算出制备软质金属块所需的钴铬钼合金粉的重量;
(2)称量钴铬钼合金粉,给钴铬钼合金粉中加入添加剂PEG2000,混合搅拌均匀,得到混合的粉料;PEG2000的添加量为钴铬钼合金粉重量的0.5%;
所述钴铬钼合金粉包括以下重量百分比的组分:
Cr含量29.0%、Mo含量5.5%、O含量0.04、其余为Co含量;
钴铬钼合金粉的粉体粒度分布为400-500目的占85%;
(3)再将混合的粉料风干,室温20℃风干40分钟,将风干的粉料过500目筛网后进行造粒,将造粒后的钴铬钼合金粉采用干压机在压力8MPa下压制10s干压成型,然后采用等静压成型机在230MPa下压制70s进行等静压成型,再放入烘干机在90℃下干燥时间70分钟,进行烘干,即可得到软质金属块;
(4)使用CAD,Computer Aided Design计算机辅助设计或CAM,computer AidedManufacturing计算机辅助制造系统设计出软质金属冠,再根据设计参数采用牙科铣床对软质金属块进行切削,得到软质金属冠的生坯,对软质金属冠的生坯进行烧结,烧结温度为1270℃,时间为400min,得到软质金属冠。
烧结后软质金属块密度7.58g/cm3,维氏硬度在250HV,抗拉伸强度在600MPa,0.2%屈服强度在300MPa。
本发明的优点就是降低了成本,提高了原料利用率,软质金属块可以简单地在CAD,Computer Aided Design计算机辅助设计/CAM,computer Aided Manufacturing计算机辅助制造系统上设计出软质金属冠,进行切削后再进行烧结,与传统铸造和手工加工相比,能够大大减少人力物力的投入,提高生产效率;软质金属块的蜡样质地大大降低了车针的磨耗。因此,软质金属的研究具有非常广阔的应用前景。
以上描述仅为本申请的较佳实施例以及对所运用技术原理的说明。本领域技术人员应当理解,本申请中所涉及的发明范围,并不限于上述技术特征的特定组合而成的技术方案,同时也应涵盖在不脱离所述发明构思的情况下,由上述技术特征或其等同特征进行任意组合而形成的其它技术方案。例如上述特征与本申请中公开的(但不限于)具有类似功能的技术特征进行互相替换而形成的技术方案。

Claims (9)

1.一种软质金属冠的加工方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)根据模具计算出制备软质金属块所需的钴铬钼合金粉的重量;
(2)称量钴铬钼合金粉,往钴铬钼合金粉中加入添加剂混合搅拌均匀,得到混合的粉料;
所述钴铬钼合金粉包括以下重量百分比的组分:
Cr含量27.0%-29.0%、Mo含量5.5%-6.5%、O含量0.05%以下、其余为Co含量;
(3)再将混合的粉料进行风干,将风干的粉料进行造粒,将造粒后的钴铬钼合金粉进行压制,压制后进行烘干,即可得到软质金属块;
(4)对软质金属块切削后再进行烧结,得到软质金属冠。
2.根据权利要求1所述的软质金属冠的加工方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(4)还包括使用CAD,Computer Aided Design计算机辅助设计或CAM,computer Aided Manufacturing计算机辅助制造系统设计出软质金属冠,再根据设计参数采用牙科铣床对软质金属块进行切削,得到软质金属冠的生坯,对软质金属冠的生坯进行烧结,得到软质金属冠。
3.根据权利要求2所述的软质金属冠的加工方法,其特征在于,所述钴铬钼合金粉的粉体粒度分布为400-500目的占80%-85%。
4.根据权利要求3所述的软质金属冠的加工方法,其特征在于,所述添加剂为PEG2000(聚乙二醇)、SD-2X(一种硬质合金成型剂),SBP(苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯)中的至少一种,所述添加剂用量为钴铬钼合金粉重量的0.5%-2.5%。
5.根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的软质金属冠的加工方法,其特征在于,所述烘干的温度为90-110℃,时间为50-70min。
6.根据权利要求1所述的软质金属冠的加工方法,其特征在于,所述压制包括采用干压机进行干压成型,然后采用等静压成型机进行等静压成型。
7.根据权利要求6所述的软质金属冠的加工方法,其特征在于,所述干压成型的压力在5-8MPa,干压成型的保压时间在10-20s;等静压成型的压力230-250MPa,等静压成型保压时间为50-70s。
8.根据权利要求6所述的软质金属冠的加工方法,其特征在于,所述烧结的温度为1270-1290℃,烧结时间为340-400min。
9.一种软质金属冠,其特征在于,按照权利要求1-8任一项所述的加工方法制备得到。
CN201710066219.5A 2017-02-06 2017-02-06 软质金属冠及其加工方法 Pending CN106756258A (zh)

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