CN106755945A - A kind of method and device for changing crack propagation path based on laser shock wave technology - Google Patents
A kind of method and device for changing crack propagation path based on laser shock wave technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN106755945A CN106755945A CN201710001750.4A CN201710001750A CN106755945A CN 106755945 A CN106755945 A CN 106755945A CN 201710001750 A CN201710001750 A CN 201710001750A CN 106755945 A CN106755945 A CN 106755945A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D10/00—Modifying the physical properties by methods other than heat treatment or deformation
- C21D10/005—Modifying the physical properties by methods other than heat treatment or deformation by laser shock processing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
- B23K26/064—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by means of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors or prisms
- B23K26/0643—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by means of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors or prisms comprising mirrors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
- B23K26/067—Dividing the beam into multiple beams, e.g. multifocusing
- B23K26/0676—Dividing the beam into multiple beams, e.g. multifocusing into dependently operating sub-beams, e.g. an array of spots with fixed spatial relationship or for performing simultaneously identical operations
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/18—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using absorbing layers on the workpiece, e.g. for marking or protecting purposes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/352—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring for surface treatment
- B23K26/356—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring for surface treatment by shock processing
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of method and device for changing crack propagation path based on laser shock wave technology, belongs to metal component surface processing technology field.The method first by the reinforcing surface of position of pending hardware carry out degreasing, decontamination, polishing, clean and dry, using the method for induced with laser shock wave, the crack surfaces of intensive treatment hardware, change the distribution situation of metal component surface stress intensity, the purpose of crack propagation path is changed so as to reach.Realizing the device of the method includes laser generator, guide-lighting beam splitting system, water injection system, workpiece clamp system and control system.The inventive method can not only change the extensions path of hardware crackle, and the residual compressive stress on intensity, hardness and the surface of metal component surface can be improved, increase stress corrosion resistant ability and the fatigue life of hardware, the characteristics of apparatus of the present invention have simple structure, easy to operate, less energy consumption, efficiency high.
Description
Technical field：
The invention belongs to metal component surface processing technology field, and in particular to one kind utilizes induced with laser shock wave technology
Intensive treatment contains to be split metal component surface to change the method and device of crack propagation path, so as to extend metal foil plate class member
Remanent fatigue life, be particularly suitable for change variable cross-section thin plate eka-gold metal elements on crack propagation path.
Background technology：
Sheet metal is widely used in boat due to its lighter in weight, the advantages of be readily formed into the component of complicated shape
The fields such as sky, automobile.After there is micro-crack in component, fatigue load effect under, crackle will along cross-sectional strength it is smaller and
The larger Path extension of tension, so as to cause component premature failure, causes equipment to be scrapped in advance.The length of crack propagation path
The length of the remanent fatigue life of component is correspond to, therefore after component crack initiation, takes effective method to change crackle
Extensions path, has very big engineering application value to the remanent fatigue life and service life of member for prolonging.
Patent CN103868786A provides a kind of method for predicting Fatigue Crack Growth, describes one kind according to one section
The tracking observation of On Crack Propagation situation in time, infers crack propagation law, and the method for predicting component's life, this patent is provided
It is a kind of to predict the method for crack Propagation speed, but it is not involved with shadow of the crack propagation path to remanent fatigue life
Ring.Patent of invention CN105067396A introduces a kind of method for controlling metal component fatigue crack extensions path, and the method is logical
Cross and change the geometric characteristic of sample and control the stress distribution of fatigue crack leading edge, so as to control the extension road of crackle
Footpath, this method solve extension length of the sample crack Propagation path on surface and inconsistent is asked with the extension length of inside
Topic, but it is not related to change using the method for surface treatment the extensions path of crackle, its scope of application is also extremely limited.
The content of the invention：
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of method and device for changing crack propagation path based on laser shock wave technology,
To extend a kind of change Crack Extension based on laser shock wave technology provided containing the remanent fatigue life for splitting component, the present invention
The method in path, the method is comprised the following steps that：
(1) after micro-crack is formed on the hardware 24 of thin plate class, in the presence of cyclic fatigue load, crackle holds
Easily in the region extension that stress is larger or intensity is relatively low, analyzed by calculating, determine the direction of Crack Extension.
(2) according to direction of crack propagation, in the side that crackle front end and stress are larger, laser impact intensified position is determined
Put, and both sides processing region to be fortified on the hardware 24 is carried out degreasing, decontamination, polishing, clean and dry.
(3) pitch-dark the first energy absorption as laser is respectively coated with the processing region to be fortified of the both sides of hardware 24
The energy-absorbing layer 21 of layer 12 and second, then by the clamping of hardware 24 with energy-absorbing layer on fixture 25, fixture 25
It is fixed on workbench 26.
(4) position of workbench 26 is adjusted by controller 2, the region for making the both sides of hardware 24 to be fortified is respectively toward to
First laser impact head 9 and second laser impact head 18；The first fountain head 22 and the second fountain head 23 are opened, flowing water is in metal structure
The both sides of part 24 form the first restraint layer 11 and the second restraint layer 20.
(5) controlled laser generator 3 send pulsewidth for ns magnitudes, single pulse energy be 2-100J, power density be GW/
cm2The laser pulse beam 4 of magnitude, the laser pulse beam 4 is reflected and divided by after spectroscope 13 by the first total reflective mirror 5
Into the identical shunt excitation light pulse beam of two-beam feature：First shunt excitation light pulse beam 6 and the second shunt excitation light pulse beam 14, institute
State and first laser impact head 9 is reached after the first shunt excitation light pulse beam 6 is reflected by the second total reflective mirror 7, the 3rd total reflective mirror 8 successively, warp
After crossing the convergence of the first condenser lens 10, irradiated on the first energy-absorbing layer 12 through the first restraint layer 11；Second shunt excitation
Light pulse beam 14 reaches second laser impact after being reflected by the 4th total reflective mirror 15, the 5th total reflective mirror 16 and the 6th total reflective mirror 17 successively
First 18, by after the convergence of the second condenser lens 19, being irradiated on the second energy-absorbing layer 21 through the second restraint layer 20；Due to
The distance that one shunt excitation light pulse beam 6 and the second shunt excitation light pulse beam 14 reach the both side surface of hardware 24 is equal, so they
Irradiate on first energy-absorbing layer 12 and the second energy-absorbing layer 21 of the both side surface of hardware 24 simultaneously；First energy
The amount energy-absorbing layer 21 of absorbed layer 12 and second absorbs the energy of the first shunt excitation light pulse beam 6 and the second shunt excitation light pulse beam 14 respectively
The high-pressure shocking wave of GPa magnitudes is formed after amount, high-pressure shocking wave acts on the both side surface of hardware 24, makes 24 liang of hardware
Side be hit region top layer produce plasticity strengthening layer, complete the single-impact intensive treatment to hardware 24.
(6) after single intensive treatment, about 26 or movable direction and position of the control workbench of controller 2, to change
The position of hardware 24, after controlling the reinforcing position of next adjacent spots, the new position of hardware 24 to determine, laser hair
Raw device 3 sends laser pulse beam 4 to carry out the shock peening of next time, the parameter of laser pulse 4 and frequency controlled device processed 2 again
Control；The reinforcing of multiple positions is sequentially completed, to realize that hardware 24 treats the reinforcing on shock treatment surface.
(7) after shock peening is finished, laser generator 3 is first closed, is then turned off controller 2, close the first fountain head 22
With the second fountain head 23, hardware 24 is taken off from fixture 25.
The present invention provides a kind of device for changing crack propagation path based on laser shock wave technology, and the device includes laser
Generator 3, guide-lighting beam splitting system, water injection system, workpiece clamp system and control system.
The guide-lighting beam splitting system includes laser pulse beam 4, the first shunt excitation light pulse beam 6, the second shunt excitation light pulse beam
14th, the first total reflective mirror 5, spectroscope 13, the second total reflective mirror 7, the 3rd total reflective mirror 8, the 4th total reflective mirror 15, the 5th total reflective mirror 16,
Six total reflective mirrors 17, first laser impact head 9, second laser impact head 18, the first condenser lens 10 and the second condenser lens 19；It is main
Laser pulse beam 4 is by being divided into the identical and of first shunt excitation light pulse beam 6 of two beams after the first total reflective mirror 5, spectroscope 13
Swash based on the energy difference of the second shunt excitation light pulse beam 14, the first shunt excitation light pulse beam 6 and the second shunt excitation light pulse beam 14
The wavelength of 1/2nd of light pulse beam 4, the first shunt excitation light pulse beam 6 and the second shunt excitation light pulse beam 14, frequency and main laser
The wavelength of pulsed beams 4, frequency are identical；The first laser impact head 9 is symmetricly set on the gold with second laser impact head 18
The both sides of metal elements 24, the first condenser lens 10 is located in first laser impact head 9, and the second condenser lens 19 is located at second laser
In impact head 18.
The water injection system includes the first fountain head 22, the second fountain head 23, there is provided flowing water is used as laser impact intensified gold
First restraint layer 11 of metal elements 24, the second restraint layer 20, the first fountain head 22 are identical with the water velocity of the second fountain head 23,
Cascade of the thickness for the flowing of 2mm is formed as the first restraint layer 11 and the second restraint layer in the both sides of hardware 24 respectively
20, and flowing water is completely covered the region to be fortified of hardware 24.
The workpiece clamp system includes workbench 26, hardware 24, fixture 25, the first energy-absorbing layer 12 and second
Energy-absorbing layer 21, the hardware 24 is fixed on fixture 25, and the fixture 25 is fixed on workbench 26, the work
Platform 26 can be upper and lower, movable, and the energy-absorbing layer 21 of first energy-absorbing layer 12 and second is coated in hardware 24
Both sides, the thickness of the energy-absorbing layer 21 of first energy-absorbing layer 12 and second is 0.05mm.
The control system includes computer 1 and controller 2, and control information is input into by the computer 1 and passes to institute
Controller 2 is stated, the controller 2 connects laser generator 3 and workbench 26 respectively by data wire, and controller 2 is used to control
The parameter of the laser pulse beam 4 that laser generator 3 sends and translational speed and the position of control workbench 26.
The present invention has following technical characterstic：
1st, contactless intensive treatment side is belonged to as the energy source for changing crack propagation path using laser blast wave
Formula, it is not necessary to change the geometry of component, is not limited, it is not necessary to increase material by component size, with larger processing
It is flexible.
2nd, the parameter such as energy, frequency, hot spot of laser beam output has the adjustability of height, can be according to construction material
Different mechanical performances are adjusted, and the parameter strengthened using the achievable workpiece both sides such as spectroscope is just the same, it is ensured that thin plate
The workpiece of class is indeformable after reinforcing, maintains the original precision of workpiece.
3rd, the pressure of laser beam induction shock wave is up to GPa magnitudes, far above the yield limit of any metal material, is formed
The depth of residual compressive stress layer be 2-5 times of depth of the residual stress layer that the traditional intensifying method such as shot-peening, rolling is formed,
And the amplitude of the residual compressive stress for being formed is also larger.
4th, while the residual compressive stress that laser beam is induced on top layer, the hardness of skin-material is improved, and crystal grain is obtained
Refinement is arrived, the yield limit of material and the antifatigue limit are improved, and the mechanical performance of construction material is improved, greatly
Extend greatly to contain and split workpiece remanent fatigue life.
5th, use pulsewidth carries out impact processing for the laser of ns magnitudes, and the time of laser is extremely short, is imitated with processing very high
Rate, and apparatus structure is simple, and use cost is low, less energy consumption, pollution-free, energy-conserving and environment-protective, it is easy to promote the use of.
Brief description of the drawings：
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of apparatus of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the surface topography map of energy-absorbing layer after hardware shock peening of the present invention；
Fig. 3 (a) is the non-reinforced metal component crack propagation path schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 3 (b) is hardware crack propagation path schematic diagram after present invention reinforcing；
Fig. 4 (a) is the crack Propagation Scan electron microscope of the non-reinforced metal component of the present invention；
Fig. 4 (b) is the crack Propagation Scan electron microscope of hardware after present invention reinforcing.
In figure：1：Computer；2：Controller；3：Laser generator；4：Laser pulse beam；5：First total reflective mirror；6：The
One shunt excitation light pulse beam；7：Second total reflective mirror；8：3rd total reflective mirror；9：First laser impact head；10：First condenser lens；11：
First restraint layer；12：First energy-absorbing layer；13：Spectroscope；14：Second shunt excitation light pulse beam；15：4th total reflective mirror；16：
5th total reflective mirror；17：6th total reflective mirror；18：Second laser impact head；19：Second condenser lens；20：Second restraint layer；21：
Second energy-absorbing layer；22：First fountain head；23：Second fountain head；24：Hardware；25：Fixture；26：Workbench.
Specific embodiment：
A kind of device for changing crack propagation path based on laser shock wave technology provided by the present invention is sent out including laser
Raw device 3, water injection system, guide-lighting beam splitting system, workpiece clamp system, control system.Wherein guide-lighting beam splitting system includes main laser
Pulsed beams 4, spectroscope 13, the first total reflective mirror 5, the second total reflective mirror 7, the 3rd total reflective mirror 8, the 4th total reflective mirror 15, the 5th total reflective mirror
16th, the 6th total reflective mirror 17, the first condenser lens 10, the second condenser lens 19, first laser impact head 9, second laser impact head
18；Water injection system includes the first fountain head 22, the second fountain head 23；Workpiece clamp system include workbench 26, hardware 24,
Fixture 25, the first energy-absorbing layer 12 and the second energy-absorbing layer 21；Control system includes computer 1, controller 2.
A kind of method for being changed crack propagation path based on laser shock wave technology that the present invention is provided, the method is specifically walked
It is rapid as follows：
(1) after micro-crack is formed on the hardware 24 of thin plate class, in the presence of cyclic fatigue load, crackle is total
It is, towards the region extension that stress is larger and fatigue strength is relatively low, to be analyzed by calculating, determines the direction of Crack Extension.
(2) according to direction of crack propagation, in crackle front end, the larger side of stress, determines laser impact intensified position,
And both sides processing region to be fortified on hardware 24 is carried out degreasing, decontamination, polishing, clean and dry.
(3) pitch-dark the first energy as laser in the region coating to be fortified on hardware 24 by cleaning treatment
The energy-absorbing layer 21 of absorbed layer 12 and second, and the metal structure of the first energy-absorbing layer 12 and the second energy-absorbing layer 21 will be carried
On fixture 25, fixture 25 is fixed on workbench 26 clamping of part 24.
(4) position of workbench 26 is adjusted by controller 2, the region for making the both sides of hardware 24 to be fortified is respectively toward to
First laser impact head 9 and second laser impact head 18, described first laser impact head 9 and second laser impact head 18 are symmetrical
Set, it is equidistant with hardware 24；Open the first fountain head 22 and the water spray of the second fountain head 23 to the both sides of hardware 24
To form the first restraint layer 11 and the second restraint layer 20, the thickness of the cascade of the first restraint layer 11 and the second restraint layer 20 is 2mm.
(5) laser generator 3 send pulsewidth for ns magnitudes, pulse energy for 2-100J, power density be GW/cm2
The laser pulse beam 4 of magnitude, the laser pulse beam 4 is reflected and be divided into by after spectroscope 13 by the first total reflective mirror 5
The identical shunt excitation light pulse beam of two-beam feature：First shunt excitation light pulse beam 6 and the second shunt excitation light pulse beam 14, it is described
First shunt excitation light pulse beam 6 reaches first laser impact head 9 after being reflected by the second total reflective mirror 7, the 3rd total reflective mirror 8 successively, passes through
After first condenser lens 10 is assembled, the flowing water through the first restraint layer 11 is irradiated on the first energy-absorbing layer 12；Described second
Shunt excitation light pulse beam 14 reaches second laser after being reflected by the 4th total reflective mirror 15, the 5th total reflective mirror 16 and the 6th total reflective mirror 17 successively
Impact head 18, by after the convergence of the second condenser lens 19, the flowing water through the second restraint layer 20 is irradiated in the second energy-absorbing layer
On 21；The distance phase of the both side surface of hardware 24 is reached due to the first shunt excitation light pulse beam 6 and the second shunt excitation light pulse beam 14
Deng so they irradiate the first energy-absorbing layer 12 and the second energy-absorbing layer 21 in the both side surface of hardware 24 simultaneously
On；The energy-absorbing layer 21 of first energy-absorbing layer 12 and second absorbs the first shunt excitation light pulse beam 6 and the second shunt excitation respectively
The energy of light pulse beam 14 forms the high-pressure shocking wave of GPa magnitudes, and high-pressure shocking wave acts on the both side surface of hardware 24, makes
The both sides top layer of hardware 24 all produces the strengthening layer of plasticity.
(6) after single reinforcing, about 26 or movable direction and position of the control workbench of controller 2 changes metal
The position of component 24, after controlling the reinforcing position of next adjacent spots, the new position of hardware 24 to determine, laser occurs
Device 3 sends laser pulse beam 4 and carries out the shock peening of next time again, and the device frequency controlled processed 2 of laser pulse 4 is controlled；Successively
The shock peening of multiple positions is completed, to realize the reinforcing for treating shock peening region surface that hardware 24 is specified.
(7) after shock peening is finished, laser generator 3 is first closed, is then turned off controller 2, close the first fountain head 22
With the second fountain head 23, hardware 24 is taken off from fixture 25, the residual absorption layer on cleaning hardware 24 surface is done
Inspection storage after dry.
The present invention provides a kind of device for changing crack propagation approach based on laser shock wave technology, and the device includes laser
Generator 3, guide-lighting beam splitting system, water injection system, workpiece clamp system and control system.
The guide-lighting beam splitting system includes laser pulse beam 4, the first shunt excitation light pulse beam 6, the second shunt excitation light pulse beam
14th, the first total reflective mirror 5, spectroscope 13, the second total reflective mirror 7, the 3rd total reflective mirror 8, the 4th total reflective mirror 15, the 5th total reflective mirror 16,
Six total reflective mirrors 17, first laser impact head 9, second laser impact head 18, the first condenser lens 10 and the second condenser lens 19；It is main
Laser pulse beam 4 is by being divided into the identical and of first shunt excitation light pulse beam 6 of two beams after the first total reflective mirror 5, spectroscope 13
Swash based on the energy difference of the second shunt excitation light pulse beam 14, the first shunt excitation light pulse beam 6 and the second shunt excitation light pulse beam 14
The wavelength of 1/2nd of light pulse beam 4, the first shunt excitation light pulse beam 6 and the second shunt excitation light pulse beam 14, frequency and main laser
Pulsed beams 4 are identical, and described first laser impact head 9 and second laser impact head 18 is symmetrical arranged, the first condenser lens 10
In in first laser impact head 9, the second condenser lens 19 is located in second laser impact head 18.
The water injection system includes the first fountain head 22, the second fountain head 23, there is provided flowing water is used as laser impact intensified gold
The water velocity phase of first restraint layer 11 and the second restraint layer 20 of metal elements 24, the first fountain head 22 and the second fountain head 23
Together, cascade of the thickness for the flowing of 2mm is formed as the first restraint layer 11 and the second constraint in the both sides of hardware 24 respectively
Layer 20, and current are completely covered and treat shock peening region.
The workpiece clamp system includes workbench 26, hardware 24, fixture 25, the first energy-absorbing layer 12 and second
Energy-absorbing layer 21, the hardware 24 is fixed on fixture 25, and the fixture 25 is fixed on workbench 26, the work
Platform 26 can be upper and lower, movable, and it is the first of 0.05mm that the coating of the both side surface shock peening position of the component 24 applies thickness
The energy-absorbing layer 21 of energy-absorbing layer 12 and second.
The control system includes computer 1, controller 2, and control information is input into by the computer 1 and is passed to described
Controller 2, the controller 2 connects laser generator 3 and workbench 26 respectively by data wire, for controlling laser generator
The parameter of the 3 laser pulse beams 4 for sending, controls translational speed and the position of workbench 26.
With reference to specific embodiment, the present invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1：The material of hardware 24 is the aluminium alloy of high intensity 7075, and hardware 24 is CT samples, its profile
Size is 62.5mm × 62mm × 4mm, and pattern is as shown in Figure 2.Specific implementation is as follows：
(1) front end area in the micro-crack extension direction of the hardware 24 of thin plate class is defined as Laser Shock Processing
Domain, shock peening region is symmetrical in the both sides of hardware 24, and the length and width of strengthening region are respectively 27mm and 13mm, stiffened region
The center line 5mm of domain centre-to-centre spacing hardware 24, the top away from the central narrow slot of hardware 24 are 20mm, and strengthening region length
The center line of direction and hardware 24 is into 30 ° of angles.
(2) by the alcohol washes of hardware 24, and dry up, the region for treating laser-impact in the both sides of hardware 24 is pasted
Thickness for 0.05mm special pitch-dark adhesive tape as the first energy-absorbing layer 12 and the second energy-absorbing layer 21, will be inhaled containing energy
The clamping of hardware 24 of layer is received on fixture 25, fixture 25 is fixed on workbench 26.Open the first fountain head 22 and second
Fountain head 23, and the flow of water is adjusted, it is the stream of 2mm the current region that both sides are to be impacted on metal works 24 is formed thickness
Water layer, the flowing water layer respectively as the first restraint layer 11 and the second restraint layer 20, to improve the effect of shock peening.
(3) mechanical property parameters of the material of aerolite 7075 according to hardware 24, optimize the ginseng of laser-impact
Count, the parameter after optimization is input into by computer 1, and reach the control laser generator 3 of controller 2 and send laser pulse beam 4.It is main
The parameter of laser pulse beam 4 is：Wavelength 1064nm, pulse width 21ns, energy are 6J, and frequency is 1Hz, are obtained by spectroscope 13
To the first shunt excitation light pulse beam 6 and the second shunt excitation light pulse beam 14, two energy of shunt excitation light pulse beam are 3J；Adjustment first swashs
The position of light impact head 9 and second laser impact head 18 and hardware 24 so that the first shunt excitation light pulse beam 6 and the second shunt excitation
Light pulse beam 14 is respectively through the spot diameter after first laser impact head 9 and second laser impact head 18 on hardware 24
It is 3mm, the both side surface induction shock wave in hardware 24 realizes the shock peening on top layer respectively, receives with aftertable 26
The mobile position for determining next Secondary Shocks of instruction from controller 2, makes adjacent spots overlapping rate be 50%, and order is impacted successively
Loading, finally forms the rectangular shock peening region of 27mm × 13mm in the both sides of hardware 24.
After laser impact intensified, the vestige of laser ablation is left on the surface of energy-absorbing layer, as shown in Figure 2.Removal exists
After the remaining energy-absorbing layer of the both side surface of hardware 24, hardware 24, the shock zone table of hardware 24 are cleaned
Face leaves the impression of shallower plastic deformation, shown in such as Fig. 3 (a), then in PLN-100/500 type microcomputer controlled electro-hydraulic servo tension-torsions
The tired tension test being circulated on fatigue tester, imposed load is 3KN, and the direction of external force is vertical metal component 24
Axis, loading frequency is 8Hz, loading mode to draw fatigue, until hardware 24 is pulled off.In order to compare laser-impact
Influence to crack Propagation path and fatigue life, at the same conditions, to the gold not processed by laser-impact
Metal elements are also carried out contrasting fatigue test.Result of the test shows：Under Cyclic Load, the hardware warp of non-shock peening
It is broken completely after crossing 26,280 times, the hardware of shock peening treatment is broken completely through 63 after 080 time, gold after intensive treatment
The fatigue life of metal elements 24 is 2.4 times of non-intensive treatment.The path of Crack Extension is as shown such as Fig. 3 (a) and Fig. 3 (b) respectively,
As seen from Figure 3, untreated fatigue crack extends in the presence of tired tensile load along the axis of hardware 24, splits
Line extensions path is approximately in line, and after laser-impact treatment, the path of Crack Extension there occurs that larger change forms curve.
Because introducing residual compressive stress in shock peening region, the yield limit of skin-material is also greatly improved,
And the material of untreated areas remains in that original material property, under the effect of tired tensile load, due to shock peening area
Residual compressive stress is there is in domain, reduces the actual tension amplitude in strengthening region suffered by material, and material after reinforcing
Yield limit improve, crackle is extended in shock peening region more difficult, so border of the crackle along strengthening region
Extension, extensions path there occurs larger deflection, deviate from the center line of hardware, and the extensions path of crackle is into curve.Pass through
Scanning electron microscopic observation fracture, shown in the pattern such as Fig. 4 (a) and Fig. 4 (b) in Stable Crack Growth area.It will be clear that a large amount of
Micro-plastic deformation's vestige of crackle front end Local Instantaneous, i.e. fatigue crack band.Under the effect of constant amplitude pulsating stress, each
Fatigue striation is substantially the waveform striped being parallel to each other, and each represents a load cycle, cycle-index and tired bar
It is equal with number, its normal direction is pointed generally in the propagation direction of fatigue crack.From Fig. 4 (a) and Fig. 4 (b), do not locate
Manage hardware fatigue striation width be about 0.74 μm, and process after fatigue striation width it is much narrower be 0.32 μm, it is tired
The width of labor band is the distance that crackle advances under once tired tensile load effect, it can be deduced that hardware is by laser
The spreading rate of crackle is substantially reduced after shock peening, meanwhile, crack propagation path is also elongated, exactly the original in terms of the two
Cause so that the fatigue life of the hardware after shock treatment obtains very big extension.
Claims (2)
1. it is a kind of based on laser shock wave technology change crack propagation path method, it is characterised in that the specific steps of the method
It is as follows：
(1) after micro-crack is formed on the hardware (24) of thin plate class, in the presence of cyclic fatigue load, crackle is easy
In the region extension that stress is larger or fatigue strength is relatively low, analyzed by calculating, determine direction of crack propagation；
(2) according to direction of crack propagation, in the side that the front end of crackle and stress are larger, laser impact intensified position is determined,
And the hardware (24) both sides processing region surface to be fortified is carried out degreasing, decontamination, polishing, clean and dry；
(3) pitch-dark the first energy as laser is respectively coated with the processing region to be fortified of the hardware (24) both sides to inhale
Layer (12) and the second energy-absorbing layer (21) are received, then by the hardware (24) clamping with energy-absorbing layer in fixture
(25) on, the fixture (25) is fixed on workbench (26)；
(4) position of the workbench (26) is adjusted by controller (2), makes the hardware (24) both sides region to be fortified
It is respectively toward to first laser impact head (9) and second laser impact head (18)；Then the first fountain head (22) and the second spray are opened
Head (23), flowing water forms the first restraint layer (11) and the second restraint layer (20) in the both sides of the hardware (24)；
(5) controlled laser generator (3) send pulsewidth for ns magnitudes, single pulse energy be 2-100J, power density be GW/cm2
The laser pulse beam (4) of magnitude, the laser pulse beam (4) is reflected and by spectroscope (13) by the first total reflective mirror (5)
After be divided into the identical shunt excitation light pulse beam of two-beam feature：First shunt excitation light pulse beam (6) and the second shunt excitation light arteries and veins
Beam (14) is rushed, the first shunt excitation light pulse beam (6) reaches institute after being reflected by the second total reflective mirror (7), the 3rd total reflective mirror (8) successively
First laser impact head (9) is stated, by after the first condenser lens (10) convergence, through first restraint layer (11) irradiation in institute
State on the first energy-absorbing layer (12)；The second shunt excitation light pulse beam (14) is all-trans by the 4th total reflective mirror (15), the 5th successively
The second laser impact head (18) is reached after mirror (16) and the reflection of the 6th total reflective mirror (17), by the second condenser lens (19) meeting
After poly-, through second restraint layer (20) irradiation on second energy-absorbing layer (21)；First energy-absorbing layer
And second energy-absorbing layer (21) absorbs the first shunt excitation light pulse beam (6) and the second shunt excitation light arteries and veins respectively (12)
Rush after beam (14) energy and form the high-pressure shocking wave of GPa magnitudes, high-pressure shocking wave acts on the hardware (24) both sides table
Face, make the hardware (24) both sides be hit region top layer produce plasticity strengthen, complete to the hardware (24)
The single intensive treatment of both sides；
(6) after the single intensive treatment, controller (2) makes the workbench (26) upper and lower or movable position, changes institute
The position of hardware (24) is stated, to control the reinforcing position of next adjacent spots, the new position of the hardware (24)
It is determined that after, the laser generator (3) sends the laser pulse beam (4) to carry out the shock peening of next time, the master again
The parameter and frequency of laser pulse beam (4) are controlled by the controller (2)；The multiple reinforcing of multiple positions is sequentially completed, with complete
The reinforcing on shock treatment surface is treated into the hardware (24)；
(7) after shock peening is finished, the laser generator (3) is first closed, is then turned off the controller (2), closed described
First fountain head (22) and second fountain head (23), the hardware (24) is taken off from the fixture (25).
2. it is a kind of based on laser shock wave technology change crack propagation path device, it is characterised in that the device include laser hair
Raw device (3), guide-lighting beam splitting system, water injection system, workpiece clamp system and control system；The guide-lighting beam splitting system includes main sharp
Light pulse beam (4), the first shunt excitation light pulse beam (6), the second shunt excitation light pulse beam (14), the first total reflective mirror (5), spectroscope
(13), the second total reflective mirror (7), the 3rd total reflective mirror (8), the 4th total reflective mirror (15), the 5th total reflective mirror (16), the 6th total reflective mirror
(17), first laser impact head (9), second laser impact head (18), the first condenser lens (10) and the second condenser lens (19),
The laser pulse beam (4) is identical by being divided into two beams after first total reflective mirror (5) and the spectroscope (13)
The first shunt excitation light pulse beam (6) and the second shunt excitation light pulse beam (14), the first shunt excitation light pulse beam (6) and
The energy of the second shunt excitation light pulse beam (14) is respectively 1/2nd of the laser pulse beam (4), the first shunt excitation light
Wavelength, the frequency of the wavelength of pulsed beams (6) and the second shunt excitation light pulse beam (14), frequency and the laser pulse beam (4)
Rate is identical, and the first laser impact head (9) is symmetricly set on hardware (24) with the second laser impact head (18)
Both sides, in the first laser impact head (9), second condenser lens (19) is located at first condenser lens (10)
In the second laser impact head (18)；The water injection system includes the first fountain head (22) and the second fountain head (23), there is provided
Flowing water as the laser impact intensified hardware (24) the first restraint layer (11), the second restraint layer (20), described first
Fountain head (22) is identical with the water velocity of second fountain head (23), is formed in the both sides of the hardware (24) respectively
Thickness is the cascade of the flowing of 2mm, and flowing water is completely covered the hardware (24) region to be fortified；The work piece holder system
System includes workbench (26), hardware (24), fixture (25), the first energy-absorbing layer (12) and the second energy-absorbing layer
(21), the hardware (24) is fixed on fixture (25), and the fixture (25) is fixed on workbench (26), the work
Platform (26) can be upper and lower, movable, and first energy-absorbing layer (12) and the second energy-absorbing layer (21) are respectively coated on
The thickness of the both sides of the hardware (24), first energy-absorbing layer (12) and the second energy-absorbing layer (21) is
0.05mm；The control system includes computer (1) and controller (2), and control information is input into and is transmitted by the computer (1)
The controller (2) is given, the controller (2) connects the laser generator (3) and the workbench by data wire respectively
(26), the controller (2) for the laser pulse beam (4) that controls the laser generator (3) to send parameter and
Control translational speed and the position of the workbench (26).
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| CN111100979A (en) * | 2019-12-26 | 2020-05-05 | 上海联影医疗科技有限公司 | Laser shock strengthening method for X-ray tube anode target disk |
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| CN113210874A (en) * | 2021-03-31 | 2021-08-06 | 北京理工大学 | Method for reconstructing machined surface texture through laser shock peening path |
| CN113373299A (en) * | 2021-06-07 | 2021-09-10 | 广东工业大学 | Method and device for inhibiting cracks or changing crack trends |
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