CN106753608A - 一种可用于汽油机和/或柴油机的清洁燃料 - Google Patents

一种可用于汽油机和/或柴油机的清洁燃料 Download PDF

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CN106753608A
CN106753608A CN201710130329.3A CN201710130329A CN106753608A CN 106753608 A CN106753608 A CN 106753608A CN 201710130329 A CN201710130329 A CN 201710130329A CN 106753608 A CN106753608 A CN 106753608A
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李德平
魏建民
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种可用于汽油机和/或柴油机的清洁燃料。关键是其组成是(按重量百分比计)：甲醇为40～65％；石脑油为30～45％；硝化甘油为1.5～4％；其中，石脑油的密度为0.72～0.76g/cm3。本发明具有相当优良的稳定性，长期存储不会出现分层现象，既可用于点燃式的汽油机又可用于压燃式的柴油机，易于在低温下启动点燃，并较之现有的汽油和/或柴油在成本上有较大的下降。

Description

一种可用于汽油机和/或柴油机的清洁燃料
技术领域：
本发明涉及一种机动车或船舶的燃料，更具体是指一种可用于汽油机或柴油机的清洁燃料。
背景技术：
机动车包括汽油机和柴油机的保有量已达到三亿辆左右，并还将保持一段时间的增长，每年将消耗大量的石油类燃料。基于技术和成本的多因素，大量的石油类燃料本身使用过程中产生大量的直接的污染物，并会产生大量的二次污染如光化作用的产物，因此清洁燃料受到了重视，如天然气燃料、甲醇类燃料等。上述的清洁燃料虽然减少使用过程的排放，但其动力机部分要作改进而增加了成本，并且动力性能会有较大的下降，为提高动力性能而增加耗油率则会抵消上述的排放污染减少的优点，同时混合性的燃料为保持燃料的稳定性，还需使用各类添加剂，对成本与污染排放是不利的。除去上述的问题，目前国家正在多个城市进行使用试点的甲醇汽油，虽然可以减少一定量的污染排放，但其存在的缺陷主要是有下面几点，一是动力性能不足，二是在低温难以启动，三是长期存储的稳定性不佳，会产生分层，四是只适用点燃式的内燃机而不适合压燃式的柴油机。因此，如何克服上述的各类缺陷，而提供具有良好综合性能的清洁燃料仍是一个具有重要意义的任务。
发明内容：
本发明的发明目的是公开一种具有良好动力性能、低温性能和降低污染物排放的清洁燃料，其可广泛用于汽油机和柴油机。
实现本发明的技术解决方案是：所述的清洁燃料的组成(按重量百分比计)是：
甲醇 40～65％；
石脑油 30～45％；
硝化甘油 1.5～4％；
其中，石脑油的密度为0.72～0.76g/cm3。
所述的清洁燃料的组成(按重量百分比)是：
所述的清洁燃料的组成(按重量百分比)是：
所述的清洁燃料的组成(按重量百分比)是：
其中，所述的柴油的密度为0.82～0.88g/cm3。
所述的清洁燃料的组成(按重量百分比)是：
所述的清洁燃料的组成中还包括1～2％(按重量百分比)的苯。
前述的本发明的技术解决方案公开的清洁燃料可大幅降低污染物的排放的同时，其动力性能还高于95号汽油，经国家石油石化产品质量监督检验中心(广东)检测，绝大部分技术指标达到国家标准。除去上述的优点外，本发明的清洁燃料还具有相当优良的稳定性，长期存储不会出现分层现象，既可用于点燃式的汽油机又可用于压燃式的柴油机，这是现有石油燃料难以达到的，同时还易于在低温下启动点燃，并较之现有的汽油和/或柴油在成本上有较大的下降。因此，本发明不仅具有良好的经济效益，还具有极佳的环保效果。
具体实施方式：
下面将详细地对本发明的具体实施方式进行描述，需要说明的是本发明的具体的实施方式的描述是为便于对本发明的技术方案的理解，而不应视为是对本发明的权利要求的保护范围的限制。
本发明的具体实施例的技术方案是：所述的清洁燃料的组成(按重量百分比)是包括40～65％的甲醇、30～45％的石脑油和1.5～4％的硝化甘油，其中甲醇的密度为0.79g/cm3，经过反复和长期的置放得出的试验结果，所述的石脑油的密度为0.72～0.76g/cm3，经过物理混合即为所述的清洁燃料，具有非常好的相溶合性能，由于适量的硝化甘油大幅提高了抗爆性能，动力性能良好，超过95号汽油和M85车用甲醇汽油的国家标准要求，还具有良好的降污染排放性能。
所述的进一步实施例的技术方案的清洁燃料其组成(按重量百分比)是：40～65％的甲醇、30～45％的石脑油、1.5～4％的硝化甘油、3～5％的丙三醇和2～5％的丙酮。上述的丙三醇可提高清洁燃料的润滑性能，特别是当清洁燃料用于汽油机时，对喷油嘴及其通道具有保护作用，提高点火性能；在清洁燃料加有特定比例的丙酮，对清洁燃料的低温点火性能有大幅的提高，可实现-20℃～-30℃的环境温度下点火。
所述的进一步实施例的技术方案的清洁燃料其组成(按重量百分比)是：45～58％的甲醇、35～40％的石脑油、2～3％的硝化甘油、3.5～4％的丙三醇和3～4.5％的丙酮。上述的清洁燃料较之上一实施例具有更佳的综合性能，在保证动力性能的同时可进一步减小污染物的排放。
所述的另一实施例的技术方案的清洁燃料其组成(按重量百分比)是：40～65％的甲醇、30～45％的石脑油、2～4％的硝化甘油、1.5～3％的柴油和1.5～2.5％的蓖麻油，其中柴油的密度为0.82～0.88g/cm3。上述的特定量的柴油可提高清洁燃料的润滑性能，特别是提高柴油机中运动活塞与缸壁之间的润滑性而减小摩擦力；上述的蓖麻油的加入可进一步提高清洁燃料中各组分之间的溶合性能，进一步提高清洁燃料的稳定性和提高燃烧效率。
所述的进一步实施例的技术方案的清洁燃料其组成(按重量百分比)是：45～55％的甲醇、35～42％的石脑油、3～4％的硝化甘油、1.8～2％的柴油和1.7～2％的蓖麻油。上述的清洁燃料较之上一实施例的清洁燃料性能有一定的提高，动力性能进一步提高，排出的污染物进一步下降。
在前面所述的各实施例的清洁燃料的组成中还可包括1～2％(按重量百分比)的苯，可以进一步提高清洁燃料的综合性能。

Claims (6)

1.一种可用于汽油机和/或柴油机的清洁燃料，其特征在于所述的清洁燃料的组成(按重量百分比)是：
甲醇 40～65％；
石脑油 30～45％；
硝化甘油 1.5～4％；
其中，石脑油的密度为0.72～0.76g/cm3。
2.按权利要求1所述的可用于汽油机和/或柴油机的清洁燃料，其特征在于所述的清洁燃料的组成(按重量百分比)是：
3.按权利要求2所述的可用于汽油机和/或柴油机的清洁燃料，其特征在于所述的清洁燃料的组成(按重量百分比)是：
4.按权利要求1所述的可用于汽油机和/或柴油机的清洁燃料，其特征在于所述的清洁燃料的组成(按重量百分比)是：
其中，所述的柴油的密度为0.82～0.88g/cm3。
5.按权利要求4所述的可用于汽油机和/或柴油机的清洁燃料，其特征在于所述的清洁燃料的组成(按重量百分比)是：
6.按权利要求1或2或3或4或5所述的可用于汽油机和/或柴油机的清洁燃料，其特征在于所述的清洁燃料的组成中还包括1～2％(按重量百分比)的苯。
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