CN106750122A - 一种无土栽培基质亲水性聚氨酯泡沫的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种无土栽培基质亲水性聚氨酯泡沫的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106750122A
CN106750122A CN201611156738.2A CN201611156738A CN106750122A CN 106750122 A CN106750122 A CN 106750122A CN 201611156738 A CN201611156738 A CN 201611156738A CN 106750122 A CN106750122 A CN 106750122A
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王耀斌
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Shaanxi Gaoxin Industry Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种无土栽培基质亲水性聚氨酯泡沫的制备方法，包括以下步骤：将液化剂聚乙二醇400与甘油混合液、催化剂浓硫酸放入具有机械搅拌、冷凝回流和温度计的三口烧瓶中，缓慢升温至100℃，然后5次加入玉米淀粉，同时继续升温到150℃后保持该温度，反应4h；本发明所述方法制备的无土栽培基质亲水性聚氨酯泡沫，亲水、保水、保肥能力强，非常适用于无土栽培。

Description

一种无土栽培基质亲水性聚氨酯泡沫的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种无土栽培基质亲水性聚氨酯泡沫的制备方法。
背景技术
无土栽培是在植物矿质营养学研究的基础上发展起来的一门新兴科学技术。它不用天然土壤，完全用化学溶液(营养液)栽培植物，包括水培、雾(气)培和基质栽培。它具有省地、省水、省肥、受环境影响小、作物生长快、高产、优质、病虫害少等诸多优点，是未来农业的理想模式。而无土栽培运用最广泛的是基质栽培，基质是能为作物提供稳定协调的水、气、肥结构的生长介质，使来自营养液的养分、水分得以中转，植物根系从中选择吸收。
目前，无土栽培常用的基质材料主要有岩棉、沙砾、矿棉、蛭石、珍珠岩等无机材料及经过处理的锯末、草炭、稻壳等有机材料。亲水性聚氨醋泡沫，是在传统的聚氨醋泡沫中，引入亲水基团，以提高泡沫的吸水、保水功能。由于在聚氨酯泡沫的合成中，可以通过调整配方比例来控制泡沫的吸水量，控制泡沫在使用中的固、气、水的组成比例，以满足不同作物根系生长的要求，因此，亲水吸水性聚氨醋泡沫作为无土栽培的摹材，有其重量轻、基材组成可根据不同作物要求进行调整及可制成各种形状等独特的优点。
发明内容
本发明提出一种无土栽培基质亲水性聚氨酯泡沫的制备方法。
一种无土栽培基质亲水性聚氨酯泡沫的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
（1）将液化剂聚乙二醇400与甘油混合液、催化剂浓硫酸放入具有机械搅拌、冷凝回流和温度计的三口烧瓶中，缓慢升温至100℃，然后5次加入玉米淀粉，同时继续升温到150℃后保持该温度，反应4h；
（2）反应结束后，冷却，加入1，4-二氧六环和水的混合液，两者体积比1：1，过滤；
（3）取步骤（2）滤液加入1mol·L的NaOH溶液中，将pH调节在6.5-7.0之间；
（4）减压蒸馏去除l，4一二氧六环和水得到淀粉液化多元醇；
（5）步骤（5）获得的淀粉液化多元醇与聚醚多元醇、甘油、催化剂、发泡剂(水)、泡沫稳定剂和泡沫开孔剂在纸杯中预先混合，搅拌均匀；
（6）加入设计量的甲苯二异氰酸酯，用搅拌混合约lO-15s，在室温下静止发泡并室温固化约2h；
（7）在70℃温度下熟化2h，即得。
优选地，将上述制得的聚氨酯泡沫塑料浸入温度为50-60℃，浓度为10％-20％的氢氧化钠溶液中，在溶液中反复挤压泡沫，将空气排除，浸渍约8h后，将泡沫取出，挤压去除所含的碱液，然后依次在醋酸溶液和清水中清洗，放人烘箱中烘干后即可。
本发明所述方法制备的无土栽培基质亲水性聚氨酯泡沫，亲水、保水、保肥能力强，非常适用于无土栽培。
具体实施方式
实施例1。
一种无土栽培基质亲水性聚氨酯泡沫的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
（1）将液化剂聚乙二醇400与甘油混合液、催化剂浓硫酸放入具有机械搅拌、冷凝回流和温度计的三口烧瓶中，缓慢升温至100℃，然后5次加入玉米淀粉，同时继续升温到150℃后保持该温度，反应4h；
（2）反应结束后，冷却，加入1，4-二氧六环和水的混合液，两者体积比1：1，过滤；
（3）取步骤（2）滤液加入1mol·L的NaOH溶液中，将pH调节在6.5-7.0之间；
（4）减压蒸馏去除l，4一二氧六环和水得到淀粉液化多元醇；
（5）步骤（5）获得的淀粉液化多元醇与聚醚多元醇、甘油、催化剂、发泡剂(水)、泡沫稳定剂和泡沫开孔剂在纸杯中预先混合，搅拌均匀；
（6）加入设计量的甲苯二异氰酸酯，用搅拌混合约lO-15s，在室温下静止发泡并室温固化约2h；
（7）在70℃温度下熟化2h，即得。
实施例2。
为了发更好地增加聚氨酯泡沫亲水性能和泡沫的开孔率，本实施例所述方法为：
一种无土栽培基质亲水性聚氨酯泡沫的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
（1）将液化剂聚乙二醇400与甘油混合液、催化剂浓硫酸放入具有机械搅拌、冷凝回流和温度计的三口烧瓶中，缓慢升温至100℃，然后5次加入玉米淀粉，同时继续升温到150℃后保持该温度，反应4h；
（2）反应结束后，冷却，加入1，4-二氧六环和水的混合液，两者体积比1：1，过滤；
（3）取步骤（2）滤液加入1mol·L的NaOH溶液中，将pH调节在6.5-7.0之间；
（4）减压蒸馏去除l，4一二氧六环和水得到淀粉液化多元醇；
（5）步骤（5）获得的淀粉液化多元醇与聚醚多元醇、甘油、催化剂、发泡剂(水)、泡沫稳定剂和泡沫开孔剂在纸杯中预先混合，搅拌均匀；
（6）加入设计量的甲苯二异氰酸酯，用搅拌混合约lO-15s，在室温下静止发泡并室温固化约2h；
（7）在70℃温度下熟化2h；
（8）述制得的聚氨酯泡沫塑料浸入温度为50-60℃，浓度为10％-20％的氢氧化钠溶液中，在溶液中反复挤压泡沫，将空气排除，浸渍约8h后，将泡沫取出，挤压去除所含的碱液，然后依次在醋酸溶液和清水中清洗，放人烘箱中烘干后即可。

Claims (2)

1.一种无土栽培基质亲水性聚氨酯泡沫的制备方法，其特征在于包括以下步骤：
（1）将液化剂聚乙二醇400与甘油混合液、催化剂浓硫酸放入具有机械搅拌、冷凝回流和温度计的三口烧瓶中，缓慢升温至100℃，然后5次加入玉米淀粉，同时继续升温到150℃后保持该温度，反应4h；
（2）反应结束后，冷却，加入1，4-二氧六环和水的混合液，两者体积比1：1，过滤；
（3）取步骤（2）滤液加入1mol·L的NaOH溶液中，将pH调节在6.5-7.0之间；
（4）减压蒸馏去除l，4一二氧六环和水得到淀粉液化多元醇；
（5）步骤（5）获得的淀粉液化多元醇与聚醚多元醇、甘油、催化剂、发泡剂(水)、泡沫稳定剂和泡沫开孔剂在纸杯中预先混合，搅拌均匀；
（6）加入设计量的甲苯二异氰酸酯，用搅拌混合约lO-15s，在室温下静止发泡并室温固化约2h；
（7）在70℃温度下熟化2h，即得。
2.如权利要求1所述一种无土栽培基质亲水性聚氨酯泡沫的制备方法，其特征在于：将上述制得的聚氨酯泡沫塑料浸入温度为50-60℃，浓度为10％-20％的氢氧化钠溶液中，在溶液中反复挤压泡沫，将空气排除，浸渍约8h后，将泡沫取出，挤压去除所含的碱液，然后依次在醋酸溶液和清水中清洗，放人烘箱中烘干后即可。
CN201611156738.2A 2016-12-15 2016-12-15 一种无土栽培基质亲水性聚氨酯泡沫的制备方法 Pending CN106750122A (zh)

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107189668A (zh) * 2017-06-28 2017-09-22 山东诺威新材料有限公司 环保型矿用低温喷涂材料及其制备方法
CN107814637A (zh) * 2017-12-08 2018-03-20 河南城市园丁园艺有限公司 一种高强度三维立体孔栽培基质及其制备方法
CN110229299A (zh) * 2019-06-21 2019-09-13 南京金栖化工集团有限公司 一种聚氨酯泡沫用聚醚多元醇的合成及泡沫的制备
CN110835281A (zh) * 2019-10-24 2020-02-25 南京瑞奇澳环保科技有限公司 一种农林用多功能土壤改良剂

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107189668A (zh) * 2017-06-28 2017-09-22 山东诺威新材料有限公司 环保型矿用低温喷涂材料及其制备方法
CN107189668B (zh) * 2017-06-28 2019-11-08 山东一诺威新材料有限公司 环保型矿用低温喷涂材料及其制备方法
CN107814637A (zh) * 2017-12-08 2018-03-20 河南城市园丁园艺有限公司 一种高强度三维立体孔栽培基质及其制备方法
CN110229299A (zh) * 2019-06-21 2019-09-13 南京金栖化工集团有限公司 一种聚氨酯泡沫用聚醚多元醇的合成及泡沫的制备
CN110835281A (zh) * 2019-10-24 2020-02-25 南京瑞奇澳环保科技有限公司 一种农林用多功能土壤改良剂

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Application publication date: 20170531