CN106747376A - 一种用于超硬复合材料的陶瓷结合剂及其制备方法、超硬复合材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种用于超硬复合材料的陶瓷结合剂及其制备方法、超硬复合材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106747376A
CN106747376A CN201611248922.XA CN201611248922A CN106747376A CN 106747376 A CN106747376 A CN 106747376A CN 201611248922 A CN201611248922 A CN 201611248922A CN 106747376 A CN106747376 A CN 106747376A
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李丙文
马宁
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Funik Ultrahard Material Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种用于超硬复合材料的陶瓷结合剂及其制备方法、超硬复合材料及其制备方法,属于超硬复合材料技术领域。该陶瓷结合剂由以下质量百分比的原料制成:35‑55%的二氧化硅,5‑10%的氧化铝,5‑10%的碳酸钠或氧化钠,5‑10%的碳酸钾或氧化钾,2‑4%的碳酸锂,15‑30%的硼酸,5‑10%的氧化镁,5‑10%的碳酸钙或氧化钙,铝添加剂。所述超硬复合材料以超硬颗粒料为基体材料,与上述陶瓷结合剂混合,外加5‑10%的糊精水溶液、石蜡或酚醛树脂作为临时粘结剂制备而成。使用本发明中的陶瓷结合剂所制备的超硬复合材料具有更好的常温抗折强度及耐火度,其制备工艺简单低,容易实现工业化生产。

Description

一种用于超硬复合材料的陶瓷结合剂及其制备方法、超硬复 合材料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于超硬复合材料的陶瓷结合剂及其制备方法、超硬复合材料及其制备方法,属于超硬复合材料技术领域。
背景技术
超硬材料常用的是金刚石和立方氮化硼,这两种超硬材料的硬度都远高于其它材料的硬度。因此,超硬材料适于用来制造加工其它材料的工具,尤其是在加工硬质材料方面,具有无可比拟的优越性,占有不可替代的重要地位。
超硬复合材料主要是指以金刚石和立方氮化硼微粉等单晶超硬材料为主要原料,添加金属或非金属结合剂通过超高压高温烧结工艺制成的聚晶复合材料。超硬复合材料与硬质合金等传统材料相比具有硬度更高、耐磨性能更好、导热性能更高、加工性能更好等优势,使其在使用寿命、加工质量和加工效率等方面表现优异,大大超过传统硬质合金材料,所以它对传统超硬合金材料替代优势非常明显。
陶瓷结合剂的特点是具有高的化学稳定性,几乎能在各种冷却介质中工作,弹性变形小、脆性大,可以制成各种硬度等级的磨具,以适应各种硬度工件的加工,有较好的自锐性。陶瓷结合剂主要用作各种普通磨具的制造,在超硬磨具中的比例还较小,它可作为cBN磨具的结合剂。与普通刚玉、碳化硅磨具相比,陶瓷结合剂磨具的磨削力强,磨削时温度比较低,磨具磨损比较小;可以适应各种冷却液的作用;磨削时磨具的形状保持性好,磨出工件的精度高;磨具内有较多的气孔,磨削时有利于排屑容屑和散热,不易堵塞、不易烧伤工件;磨具的自锐性比较好,修整间隔的时间长,修整比较容易。但是,现有的陶瓷结合剂由于弹性变形小、脆性大,导致其抗压能力、抗热冲击能力较差,降低磨具使用寿命。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种用于超硬复合材料的陶瓷结合剂,能提高陶瓷结合剂制品的耐高温性能和耐磨性能,从而增加磨具的使用寿命。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种上述用于超硬复合材料的陶瓷结合剂的制备方法,本制备方法简便,成本低。
本发明还提供了一种利用上述陶瓷结合剂制备的超硬复合材料,该材料具有强度高、耐高温等优点。
本发明还提供了上述超硬复合材料的制备方法,本方法工艺简单、原料成本低,容易实现工业化生产。
为了实现以上目的,本发明所采用的技术方案是:
一种用于超硬复合材料的陶瓷结合剂,所述陶瓷结合剂由以下质量百分比的原料制成:35-55%的二氧化硅,5-10%的氧化铝,5-10%的钠源,5-10%的钾源,2-4%的碳酸锂,15-30%的硼酸,5-10%的氧化镁,5-10%的钙源,铝添加剂;所述钠源为碳酸钠或氧化钠,所述钾源为碳酸钾或氧化钾,所述钙源为碳酸钙或氧化钙,所述铝添加剂为2-4%的铝或AlF3
本发明提供的用于超硬复合材料的陶瓷结合剂能提高陶瓷结合剂制品的耐高温性能和耐磨性能,从而增加陶瓷结合剂制品的使用寿命。在保证陶瓷结合剂的结合强度的前提下降低了结合剂的熔点,增大了结合剂高温下的流动性。
一种上述用于超硬复合材料的陶瓷结合剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:取配方量的原料混合均匀,在1300-1500℃下预熔处理1-3h,经水淬、干燥,即得。
优选的,所述混合均匀是在球磨罐中通过研磨球进行干混30-60min。所述研磨球为刚玉球,所述球磨罐中料球质量比为1:1.2。
所述水淬为将熔化的结合剂流入水中进行淬冷。
所述干燥为在110-150℃下烘烤24-36h。
在所述干燥后球磨24-36h,然后过150-200目筛网。
优选的,将干燥后的原料倒入球磨罐中干磨,料球比为1:2,球磨时间为24-36h。
优选的,在球磨后过180目筛网。
本发明的用于超硬复合材料的陶瓷结合剂的制备方法简便,成本低。
一种超硬复合材料,主要由超硬颗粒料和结合剂制成,所述结合剂为上述的用于超硬复合材料的陶瓷结合剂。
本发明的超硬复合材料主要由超硬颗粒料和上述陶瓷结合剂制成,其强度高、耐高温性优良。
所述的超硬复合材料,由以下质量百分比的原料制成:70-80%的超硬颗粒料、15-20%的所述陶瓷结合剂、5-10%的临时粘结剂,所述临时粘结剂为糊精水溶液、石蜡或酚醛树脂。
所述石蜡为市场购买的标准液,所述酚醛树脂为市场购买的标准液,所述糊精水溶液为根据需求将一定质量比的糊精与水混合所得溶液。
优选的,所述糊精水溶液为糊精质量百分比为30%的水溶液。
所述超硬颗粒料为金刚石和立方氮化硼的混合物,其中金刚石所占质量百分比为10-40%,立方氮化硼所占质量百分比为60-90%。
上述的超硬复合材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:将配方量的超硬颗粒料、陶瓷结合剂混料后压制成坯体,将坯体在700-820℃下烧结2-6h,即得。
优选的,上述的超硬复合材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:将配方量的超硬颗粒料、陶瓷结合剂混料后压制成坯体,将坯体在750-820℃下烧结2-6h,即得。
优选的在所述烧结前将坯体在室温下养护24h以提高其坯体强度。
所述压制成坯体为干压法压制,所述干压法压制为在25-35MPa压力下保压5-15s。
本发明提供的超硬复合材料制备方法工艺简单、原料成本低,容易实现工业化生产,能得到一种强度高、耐热性和耐磨性更加优良的超硬复合材料。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明作进一步的说明。
实施例1
本实施例中用于超硬复合材料的陶瓷结合剂由以下质量百分比的原料制成:35%的二氧化硅、10%的氧化铝、5%的碳酸钠、10%的碳酸钾、3%的碳酸锂、25%的硼酸、5%的氧化镁、5%的碳酸钙和2%的金属Al粉。
本实施例的用于超硬复合材料的陶瓷结合剂的制备方法包括如下步骤:
1)按照上述比例配料,将原料置于球磨罐中通过研磨球进行干混30min。所述研磨球为刚玉球,所述球磨罐中料球质量比为1:1.2;
2)然后在1350℃下高温预熔处理2h;在120℃下烘烤24h;
3)将干燥后的原料倒入球磨罐中干磨,料球比为1:2,球磨时间为36h;
4)过180目筛后,即得。
本实施例的超硬复合材料由以下质量百分比的原料制成:80%的超硬颗粒料、15%的上述陶瓷结合剂、5%的酚醛树脂。
所述超硬颗粒料为金刚石和立方氮化硼的混合物,其中金刚石所占质量比为10%,立方氮化硼为90%。
本实施例的超硬复合材料制备方法包括如下步骤:
将配方量的超硬颗粒料、陶瓷结合剂和临时粘结剂配料、混料,将粉料在30MPa压力下压制10s压制成坯体,将坯体在室温下养护24h以提高其坯体强度,再将坯体在780℃烧结4h,制得30*7.5*7.5的长条超硬复合材料。
实施例2
本实施例中用于超硬复合材料的陶瓷结合剂由以下质量百分比的原料制成:44%的二氧化硅、5%的氧化铝、5%的碳酸钠、5%的碳酸钾、4%的碳酸锂、15%的硼酸、10%的氧化镁、10%的碳酸钙和2%的AlF3
本实施例的用于超硬复合材料的陶瓷结合剂的制备方法包括如下步骤:
1)按照上述比例配料,将原料置于球磨罐中通过研磨球进行干混40min。所述研磨球为刚玉球,所述球磨罐中料球质量比为1:1.2;
2)然后在1300℃下高温预熔处理3h;在150℃下烘烤36h;
3)将干燥后的原料倒入球磨罐中干磨,料球比为1:2,球磨时间为24h;
4)过200目筛后,即得。
本实施例的超硬复合材料由以下质量百分比的原料制成:70%的超硬颗粒料、20%的上述陶瓷结合剂、10%的糊精水溶液。所述糊精水溶液为糊精质量百分比为30%的水溶液。
所述超硬颗粒料为金刚石和立方氮化硼的混合物,其中金刚石所占质量比为25%,立方氮化硼为75%。
本实施例的超硬复合材料制备方法包括如下步骤:
将配方量的超硬颗粒料、陶瓷结合剂和临时粘结剂配料、混料,将粉料在35MPa压力下压制5s压制成坯体,将坯体在室温下养护24h以提高其坯体强度,再将坯体在750℃烧结6h,制得30*7.5*7.5的长条超硬复合材料。
实施例3
本实施例中用于超硬复合材料的陶瓷结合剂由以下质量百分比的原料制成:55%的二氧化硅、5%的氧化铝、5%的氧化钠、5%的氧化钾、2%的碳酸锂、15%的硼酸、5%的氧化镁、5%的氧化钙和3%的AlF3
本实施例的用于超硬复合材料的陶瓷结合剂的制备方法包括如下步骤:
1)按照上述比例配料,将原料置于球磨罐中通过研磨球进行干混60min。所述研磨球为刚玉球,所述球磨罐中料球质量比为1:1.2;
2)然后在1500℃下高温预熔处理1h;在110℃下烘烤30h;
3)将干燥后的原料倒入球磨罐中干磨,料球比为1:2,球磨时间为30h;
4)过150目筛后,即得。
本实施例的超硬复合材料由以下质量百分比的原料制成:75%的超硬颗粒料、17%的上述陶瓷结合剂、8%的石蜡。
所述超硬颗粒料为金刚石和立方氮化硼的混合物,其中金刚石所占质量比为40%,立方氮化硼为60%。
本实施例的超硬复合材料制备方法包括如下步骤:
将配方量的超硬颗粒料、陶瓷结合剂和临时粘结剂配料、混料,将粉料在25MPa压力下压制15s压制成坯体,将坯体在室温下养护24h以提高其坯体强度,再将坯体在820℃烧结2h,制得30*7.5*7.5的长条超硬复合材料。
实施例4
本实施例中用于超硬复合材料的陶瓷结合剂由以下质量百分比的原料制成:35%的二氧化硅、5%的氧化铝、10%的碳酸钠、5%的碳酸钾、2%的碳酸锂、29%的硼酸、5%的氧化镁、5%的碳酸钙和4%的AlF3
本实施例中用于超硬复合材料的陶瓷结合剂制备方法、超硬复合材料及其制备方法同实施例1。
实施例5
本实施例中用于超硬复合材料的陶瓷结合剂由以下质量百分比的原料制成:35%的二氧化硅、5%的氧化铝、10%的碳酸钠、5%的碳酸钾、2%的碳酸锂、30%的硼酸、5%的氧化镁、5%的碳酸钙和3%的AlF3
本实施例中用于超硬复合材料的陶瓷结合剂制备方法、超硬复合材料及其制备方法同实施例1。
实施例6
本实施例中用于超硬复合材料的陶瓷结合剂由以下质量百分比的原料制成:42%的二氧化硅、7%的氧化铝、7%的碳酸钠、7%的碳酸钾、4%的碳酸锂、15%的硼酸、7%的氧化镁、7%的碳酸钙和4%的金属Al粉。
本实施例中用于超硬复合材料的陶瓷结合剂制备方法、超硬复合材料及其制备方法同实施例1。
实施例7
本实施例中用于超硬复合材料的陶瓷结合剂由以下质量百分比的原料制成:35%的二氧化硅、5%的氧化铝、10%的氧化钠、10%的氧化钾、3%的碳酸锂、25%的硼酸、5%的氧化镁、5%的氧化钙和2%的金属Al粉。
本实施例中用于超硬复合材料的陶瓷结合剂制备方法、超硬复合材料及其制备方法同实施例1。
实施例8
本实施例中用于超硬复合材料的陶瓷结合剂由以下质量百分比的原料制成:35%的二氧化硅、5%的氧化铝、5%的氧化钠、10%的氧化钾、3%的碳酸锂、25%的硼酸、5%的氧化镁、10%的氧化钙和2%的金属Al粉。
本实施例中用于超硬复合材料的陶瓷结合剂制备方法、超硬复合材料及其制备方法同实施例1。
实施例9
本实施例中用于超硬复合材料的陶瓷结合剂由以下质量百分比的原料制成:42%的二氧化硅、7%的氧化铝、7%的氧化钠、7%的氧化钾、4%的碳酸锂、15%的硼酸、7%的氧化镁、7%的氧化钙和4%的金属Al粉。
本实施例中用于超硬复合材料的陶瓷结合剂制备方法、超硬复合材料及其制备方法同实施例1。
对比例
本对比例中用于超硬复合材料的陶瓷结合剂由以下原料制成:35份二氧化硅、10份氧化铝、5份碳酸钠、10份碳酸钾、3份碳酸锂、25份硼酸、5份氧化镁、5份碳酸钙。
本对比例中用于超硬复合材料的陶瓷结合剂制备方法、超硬复合材料及其制备方法同实施例1。
试验例1
用三点弯曲法对对实施例1-9所得的超硬复合材料及对比例中的长条超硬复合材料进行常温抗折强度检测,每个取三条超硬复合材料进行检测,取其平均值作为该组试样的抗折强度。检测结果如表1所示。
试验例2
将实施例1-9及对比例陶瓷结合剂与临时结合剂调和后制成三角锥,锥高30mm、上底等边长2mm,下底等边长8mm。三角锥自然干燥后固定在一个陶瓷锥台上,然后放入烧结炉,记录锥体尖部水平时的温度作为陶瓷结合剂的耐火度。检测结果如表1所示。
表1实施例与对比例常温抗折强度及耐火度检测结果
根据表1中的内容可知,本发明制得的超硬复合材料与对比例相比具有强度高的优点。本发明的陶瓷结合剂与对比例相比具有耐高温性优良的特点。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于超硬复合材料的陶瓷结合剂,其特征在于:所述陶瓷结合剂由以下质量百分比的原料制成:35-55%的二氧化硅,5-10%的氧化铝,5-10%的钠源,5-10%的钾源,2-4%的碳酸锂,15-30%的硼酸,5-10%的氧化镁,5-10%的钙源,铝添加剂;所述钠源为碳酸钠或氧化钠,所述钾源为碳酸钾或氧化钾,所述钙源为碳酸钙或氧化钙,所述铝添加剂为2-4%的铝或AlF3
2.一种如权利要求1所述的用于超硬复合材料的陶瓷结合剂的制备方法,其特征在于:包括如下步骤:取配方量的原料混合均匀,在1300-1500℃下预熔处理1-3h,经水淬、干燥,即得。
3.根据权利要求2所述的用于超硬复合材料的陶瓷结合剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述混合均匀是在球磨罐中通过研磨球进行干混30-60min。
4.根据权利要求2所述的用于超硬复合材料的陶瓷结合剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述干燥为在110-150℃下烘烤24-36h。
5.根据权利要求2所述的用于超硬复合材料的陶瓷结合剂的制备方法,其特征在于:在所述干燥后球磨24-36h,然后过150-200目筛网。
6.一种超硬复合材料,其特征在于:主要由超硬颗粒料和结合剂制成,所述结合剂为如权利要求1所述的用于超硬复合材料的陶瓷结合剂。
7.根据权利要求6所述的超硬复合材料,其特征在于:由以下质量百分比的原料制成:70-80%的超硬颗粒料、15-20%的所述陶瓷结合剂、5-10%的临时粘结剂,所述临时粘结剂为糊精水溶液、石蜡或酚醛树脂。
8.根据权利要求7所述的超硬复合材料,其特征在于:所述超硬颗粒料为金刚石和立方氮化硼的混合物,其中金刚石所占质量百分比为10-40%,立方氮化硼所占质量百分比为60-90%。
9.一种如权利要求6所述的超硬复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于:包括如下步骤:将配方量的超硬颗粒料、陶瓷结合剂混料后压制成坯体,将坯体在700-820℃下烧结2-6h,即得。
10.根据权利要求9所述的超硬复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述压制成坯体为干压法压制,所述干压法压制为在25-35MPa压力下保压5-15s。
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