CN106739355B - 复合空腔吸音材料结构阻尼板及其制备方法 - Google Patents

复合空腔吸音材料结构阻尼板及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106739355B
CN106739355B CN201710155515.2A CN201710155515A CN106739355B CN 106739355 B CN106739355 B CN 106739355B CN 201710155515 A CN201710155515 A CN 201710155515A CN 106739355 B CN106739355 B CN 106739355B
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layer
cavity
artificial leather
sound
millimeters
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CN106739355A (zh
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李和平
倪备
郑彦明
王庆凯
肖焰
李博
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Tianjin Haodi Plastics Technology Co Ltd
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Tianjin Haodi Plastics Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供一种复合空腔吸音材料结构阻尼板及其制备方法，阻尼板由至上而下依次设置的上层人造革层、第一空腔层、下层人造革层、第二空腔层、EPDM发泡隔音层、EVA层和改性环氧树脂粘合层构成。在上层人造革层及下层人造革层上分别均匀间隔制有多个圆孔，在第一空腔层及第二空腔层分别均匀制有多个方形空腔，至上而下排布的圆孔、空腔一一对应。本阻尼板具有吸音能力强、材质轻、大方美观、廉价、减振佳的优点。

Description

复合空腔吸音材料结构阻尼板及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于隔音降噪材料技术领域,涉及轿车用阻尼板，尤其是一种复合空腔吸音材料结构阻尼板及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着汽车工业的高速发展,人们对轿车的“安全性、舒适性、环保性”的要求提出的更高的要求，在汽车座舱内对低噪音环境要求也不断提升。噪音逐渐成为一种环境污染，对人的身心造成伤害，尤其是在驾车过程中长时间的噪声污染。目前主要减少车内噪音的方法是通过在车身内部粘贴隔音材料，阻碍外界因振动产生的声音能量，使得车内噪音减弱。因此汽车的隔音材料就显得尤为突出了。
通过检索，发现如下相关专利文献：
汽车阻尼板及其制作方法(CN102862527A)，将无机填料与热塑性树脂共混制备有机-无机发泡杂化复合材料，将复合材料热熔挤出制成复合型板，将复合型板与毡毯经热压得到多层复合阻尼板。由于生产过程中，未使用粘胶剂，因而，在使用过程中不会释放出毒害气体。所述的无机填料为氧化锌、碳酸钙、钛白粉、石英、金刚砂或者是植物碎片、石粉、有机废料中的一种或多种。所述的热塑性树脂是PE-聚乙烯、PVC-聚氯乙烯、PS-聚苯乙烯、PA-聚酰胺、POM-聚甲醛、PC-聚碳酸酯、聚苯醚、聚砜、橡胶或者是共聚物：共聚酰胺、聚氨酯、SIS共聚物、SBS共聚物、乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物EVA中的一种或多种。
一种高效隔音材料及其制作方法(CN103903608A)，高效隔音材料包括隔音层，吸音层，气泡层，所述气泡层位于隔音层与吸音层之间。所述隔音层由隔音复合物制成，所述隔音复合物由包括下述物质的原料制备而成：热塑性树脂，无机填料，发泡剂；所述无机填料15-80wt％；所述发泡剂为5-15wt％，其余为热塑性树脂。该发明中不同粒径的填料对应不同波段或频率的声波，因此对不同频率的声能的消耗比较全面。
复合阻尼板及其制备方法(CN1462772A)，复合阻尼板由面板、阻尼板、底板复合而成，阻尼层是以改性沥青为主料，再混以再生橡胶、废塑料粉、粉煤灰、矿渣等填充料制成。
行业内较多的使用是沥青阻尼板或橡胶阻尼板，其中沥青阻尼板在高温条件下会产生有害气体，危害人的身体健康。橡胶阻尼板耐高低温条件差，不耐化学腐蚀。
通过对比，上述专利与本申请的技术方案显著不同。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种复合空腔吸音材料结构阻尼板及其制备方法，具有吸音能力强、材质轻、大方美观、廉价、减振佳的优点。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提供一种复合空腔吸音材料结构阻尼板，由至上而下依次设置的上层聚氨酯人造革层、第一空腔层、下层聚氨酯人造革层、第二空腔层、EPDM发泡隔音层、EVA层和改性环氧树脂粘合层构成。
所述上、下层人造革层是聚氨酯人造革材料，上面冲有圆孔，在第一空腔层和第二空腔层均匀间隔制有多个正方体空腔。正方体空腔与上、下人造革层的圆孔一一对应，空腔材料是聚氯乙烯/氯化聚乙烯材料。
所述EPDM发泡隔音层材料的组分及重量份数为：
所述短玄武岩纤维的直径0.01-0.05mm，长度10-20mm。
所述淀粉或白砂糖或盐的粒径为200-225目的。
改性环氧树脂粘合层本身固化后具有阻尼作用，同时是粘合剂。改性环氧树脂粘合剂的制备方法如下：丁腈橡胶改性环氧树脂；将丁腈橡胶、促进剂M、硫磺用开炼机混炼均匀，再用醋酸乙酯溶解成为50％溶液；以高速搅拌方法加入F-44环氧树脂中，制成改性环氧树脂。
所述上、下层人造革层材料为聚氯乙烯人造革材料，表层的厚度为0.25-0.5毫米，圆形孔径0.5-1.2毫米，孔间距为10-15毫米。
所述第一空腔层的正方体空腔的高度为0.5-1毫米，边长为10-15毫米。
所述第二空腔层的正方体空腔的高度为0.5-1毫米，边长为10-15毫米。
所述EPDM发泡隔音层的厚度为1.7-2毫米。
所述EVA层厚度为0.4-0.5毫米。
所述改性环氧树脂粘合层的厚度0.4-0.5毫米。
本阻尼板裁切成月牙形状，用于汽车翼子板。
本复合空腔吸音材料结构阻尼板的制备方法包括以下步骤：
1)混炼工序:EPDM为主体材料，同时依次加入碳酸钙、N330炭黑、发泡剂OBSH、发泡助剂NaHCO3、尿素、石蜡、防老剂2246、硬脂酸、氧化锌、DCP、短玄武岩纤维、淀粉或白砂糖或盐进行混炼，混炼均匀后出料，制成混炼EPDM胶片；
2)冲压工序:硬质聚氯乙烯通过冲压机冲成上下通透的多个正方体空腔，取用表层聚氯乙烯人造革材料放置在冲孔机上进行机械冲孔。
3)热压工序:将上述冲压形成的正方体空腔的两端浸入热熔胶U形池中，浸入后热熔胶附着在正方体空腔的两端端面上，干燥。再使用热压机将上层人造革层、第一空腔层、下层人造革层和第二空腔层进行施压粘合成为一体，其中第一空腔层的空腔与上层人造革层圆孔和下层人造革层圆孔一一对应，第二空腔层的空腔与下层人造革层圆孔一一对应，干燥。
4)压延工序：使用三辊压延机将EPDM发泡层和EVA层压成一体，并且放入鼓式硫化机中进行EPDM发泡层发泡。
5)煮出工序：将发泡后EPDM发泡隔音层放入水槽中沸水煮沸，干燥。
6)热压工序:再使用热压机将上层人造革层、第一空腔层、下层人造革层和第二空腔层粘合一体件与EPDM发泡隔音层和EVA层压延一体件通过热熔胶复合一体。
7)涂布工序：上述复合一体件的EVA层背面通过涂布机均匀涂布改性环氧树脂粘合层。
本发明带来的有益效果是:
1、声音能量通过上层人造革层进入圆形孔径结构，声音随着圆形孔径震动能量减弱。后声音进入第一空腔层的正方体空腔内，使得声音由小空间进入大空间内，声音能量被分散的空间变大，振动能量减弱。声音再次经历下层人造革层的小孔空间，使得声音由大空间进入小空间，振动能量减弱。然后声音进入第二空腔层的正方体空腔内，又使得声音由小空间进入大空间内，声音能量再次减弱。最后能量减弱的声音再经过EPDM发泡隔音层和EVA层，通过两层的振动和吸收，将声音能量逐渐变弱。
2、在EPDM发泡隔音层中加入直径0.01-0.05mm，长度10-20mm的短玄武岩纤维材料，使得EPDM发泡隔音层强度增加。
3、在EPDM发泡隔音层中加入粒径200-225目的淀粉或白砂糖或盐，使得EPDM发泡隔音层材料内含有淀粉，在沸水煮沸的过程中淀粉融入沸水中，在EPDM发泡隔音层内形成新的微孔结构。淀粉或白沙糖或盐在SBR/EPDM发泡隔音层中广泛分散，煮沸的过程中产生了形状不规则的微孔结构，声音在传播过程中进入不规则微孔结构发生振动，振动强度会多有不同，声音能量在不规则的微孔结构中会有明显的减少，达到有效的阻尼降噪效果。
4、本复合空腔吸音材料结构阻尼板具有吸音能力强、材质轻、大方美观、廉价、减振佳的优点。
附图说明
图1为本发明的结构示意图。
图中标号为:1-上层人造革层，2-第一空腔层，3-下层人造革层，4-第二空腔层，5-EPDM发泡隔音层，6-EVA层，7-改性环氧树脂粘合层，8-圆孔，9-正方体空腔
图2为复合空腔吸音材料结构阻尼板裁切后形状示意图。
图3为复合空腔吸音材料结构阻尼板(虚线部分)粘贴在汽车翼子板内状态示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的较佳实施例作详细阐述。
实施例1
如图1所示，一种复合空腔吸音材料结构阻尼板，由至上而下依次设置的上层人造革层1、第一空腔层2、下层人造革层3、第二空腔层4、EPDM发泡隔音层5、EVA层6和改性环氧树脂粘合层7构成。上、下层人造革层是聚氯乙烯人造革材料，在人造革层均匀间隔冲有圆孔8，上层人造革层的圆孔与下层人造革层的圆孔孔径相同且一一对应，空腔层采用硬质聚氯乙烯材料，在第一空腔层及第二空腔层内分别均匀间隔制有多个方形空腔9，第一空腔层与第二空腔层的空腔尺寸相同且一一对应，而且，空腔层的空腔与人造革层的圆孔也是一一对应。
EPDM发泡隔音层材料是由下面配方组成：EPDM：100公斤，碳酸钙：5公斤、N330炭黑：5公斤、发泡剂OBSH：3公斤、发泡助剂NaHCO3：1公斤、尿素：2公斤、石蜡0.5公斤、防老剂2246：0.5公斤、硬脂酸：2公斤、氧化锌：2公斤、DCP：2公斤、短玄武岩纤维：5公斤、淀粉：3公斤。其中短玄武岩纤维的直径0.01-0.05mm，长度10-20mm。淀粉需要进行研磨至200-225目的粒径。
1.将上述材料依次加入75升密炼机中进行混炼，混炼温度为85-90℃，混炼时间7-9min。待压延工序使用。
2.硬质聚氯乙烯通过冲压机冲成上下通透的多个正方体空腔，其中正方体空腔的高度为0.5毫米，边长为10毫米。取用表层聚氯乙烯人造革材料放置在冲孔机上进行机械冲孔，其中圆形孔径0.5毫米，孔间距为10毫米。
3.冲压形成的正方体空腔的两端浸入热熔胶U形池中，浸入后热熔胶附着在正方体空腔的两端端面上，干燥，其中温度90-100℃。
4.使用热压机将上层人造革层、第一空腔层、下层人造革层和第二空腔层粘合一体件，其中温度90-100℃。其中第一空腔层的空腔与上层人造革层圆孔和下层人造革层圆孔一一对应，第二空腔层的空腔与下层人造革层圆孔一一对应，干燥。
5.通过用三辊压延机，使得EVA层与EPDM发泡层复合。三辊压延机的1辊2辊辊温90±1℃，1,2辊距0.3毫米，3辊辊温95±1℃，2,3辊距2.0毫米。三辊压延机收辊卷曲的线速度18-20m/min。再将上述EVA层与EPDM发泡层复合件放入鼓式硫化机在140-160℃20min内对EPDM层进行发泡。
6、将发泡后的EPDM发泡隔音层放入水槽中沸水煮沸，煮沸5min，煮沸后EPDM发泡层内的淀粉融入沸水中，形成新的微孔结构。后经过热风干燥，其中热风温度为98-100℃。
7.再使用热压机将上层人造革层、第一空腔层、下层人造革层和第二空腔层粘合一体件与EPDM发泡隔音层和EVA层压延一体件通过热熔胶复合一体，其中温度90-100℃
8.再将上述材料通过高速涂布机在EVA表层均匀涂布改性环氧树脂粘合层，并且热风干燥，收卷。其中涂布辊间距3.8毫米，干燥温度110℃，收卷辊的收卷线速度20-22m/min。
本实施例所述上下层人造革层材料为聚氯乙烯人造革材料，所述上、下层人造革层的厚度为0.25毫米，圆形孔径0.5毫米，孔间距为10毫米。所述第一空腔层的正方体空腔的高度为0.5毫米，边长为10毫米。所述第二空腔层的正方体空腔的高度为0.5毫米，边长为10毫米。所述EPDM发泡隔音层的厚度为1.7毫米。所述EVA层厚度为0.4毫米。所述改性环氧树脂粘合层的厚度0.4毫米。
实施例2
如图1所示，一种复合空腔吸音材料结构阻尼板，由至上而下依次设置的上层人造革层1、第一空腔层2、下层人造革层3、第二空腔层4、EPDM发泡隔音层5、EVA层6和改性环氧树脂粘合层7构成。上、下层人造革层是聚氯乙烯人造革材料，在人造革层均匀间隔冲有圆孔8，上层人造革层的圆孔与下层人造革层的圆孔孔径相同且一一对应，空腔层采用硬质聚氯乙烯材料，在第一空腔层及第二空腔层内分别均匀间隔制有多个方形空腔9，第一空腔层与第二空腔层的空腔尺寸相同且一一对应，而且，空腔层的空腔与人造革层的圆孔也是一一对应。
EPDM发泡隔音层材料是由下面配方组成：EPDM：100公斤，碳酸钙：15公斤、N330炭黑：15公斤、发泡剂OBSH：5公斤、发泡助剂NaHCO3：3公斤、尿素：4公斤、石蜡3公斤、防老剂2246：4公斤、硬脂酸：6公斤、氧化锌：10公斤、DCP：6公斤、短玄武岩纤维：7公斤、白砂糖：8公斤。其中短玄武岩纤维的直径0.01-0.05mm，长度10-20mm。白砂糖需要进行研磨至200-225目的粒径。
1.将上述材料依次加入75升密炼机中进行混炼，混炼温度为85-90℃，混炼时间7-9min。待压延工序使用。
2.硬质聚氯乙烯通过冲压机冲成上下通透的多个正方体空腔，其中正方体空腔的高度为1毫米，边长为15毫米。取用表层聚氯乙烯人造革材料放置在冲孔机上进行机械冲孔，其中圆形孔径1.2毫米，孔间距为15毫米。
3.冲压形成的正方体空腔的两端浸入热熔胶U形池中，浸入后热熔胶附着在正方体空腔的两端端面上，干燥，其中温度90-100℃。
4.使用热压机将上层人造革层、第一空腔层、下层人造革层和第二空腔层粘合一体件，其中温度90-100℃。其中第一空腔层的空腔与上层人造革层圆孔和下层人造革层圆孔一一对应，第二空腔层的空腔与下层人造革层圆孔一一对应，干燥。
5.通过用三辊压延机，使得EVA层与EPDM发泡层复合。三辊压延机的1辊2辊辊温90±1℃，1,2辊距0.4毫米，3辊辊温95±1℃，2,3辊距2.4毫米。三辊压延机收辊卷曲的线速度18-20m/min。再将上述EVA层与EPDM发泡层复合件放入鼓式硫化机在140-160℃20min内对EPDM层进行发泡。
6、将发泡后的EPDM发泡隔音层放入水槽中沸水煮沸，煮沸5min，煮沸后EPDM发泡层内的白砂糖融入沸水中，形成新的微孔结构。后经过热风干燥，其中热风温度为98-100℃。
7.再使用热压机将上层人造革层、第一空腔层、下层人造革层和第二空腔层粘合一体件与EPDM发泡隔音层和EVA层压延一体件通过热熔胶复合一体，其中温度90-100℃
8.再将上述材料通过高速涂布机在EVA表层均匀涂布改性环氧树脂粘合层，并且热风干燥，收卷。其中涂布辊间距5.8毫米，干燥温度110℃，收卷辊的收卷线速度20-22m/min。
本实施例所述上下层人造革层材料为聚氯乙烯人造革材料，所述上、下层人造革层的厚度为0.5毫米，圆形孔径1.2毫米，孔间距为15毫米。所述第一空腔层的正方体空腔的高度为1毫米，边长为15毫米。所述第二空腔层的正方体空腔的高度为1毫米，边长为15毫米。所述EPDM发泡隔音层的厚度为2毫米。所述EVA层厚度为0.5毫米。所述改性环氧树脂粘合层的厚度0.5毫米。
实施例3
如图1所示，一种复合空腔吸音材料结构阻尼板，由至上而下依次设置的上层人造革层1、第一空腔层2、下层人造革层3、第二空腔层4、EPDM发泡隔音层5、EVA层6和改性环氧树脂粘合层7构成。上、下层人造革层是聚氯乙烯人造革材料，在人造革层均匀间隔冲有圆孔8，上层人造革层的圆孔与下层人造革层的圆孔孔径相同且一一对应，空腔层采用硬质聚氯乙烯材料，在第一空腔层及第二空腔层内分别均匀间隔制有多个方形空腔9，第一空腔层与第二空腔层的空腔尺寸相同且一一对应，而且，空腔层的空腔与人造革层的圆孔也是一一对应。
EPDM发泡隔音层材料是由下面配方组成：EPDM：100公斤，碳酸钙：8公斤、N330炭黑：10公斤、发泡剂OBSH：3.5公斤、发泡助剂NaHCO3：1.5公斤、尿素：2.5公斤、石蜡:1公斤、防老剂2246：1公斤、硬脂酸：3公斤、氧化锌：5公斤、DCP：4公斤、短玄武岩纤维：5.5公斤、盐：5公斤。其中短玄武岩纤维的直径0.01-0.05mm，长度10-20mm。盐需要进行研磨至200-225目的粒径。
1.将上述材料依次加入75升密炼机中进行混炼，混炼温度为85-90℃，混炼时间7-9min。待压延工序使用。
2.硬质聚氯乙烯通过冲压机冲成上下通透的多个正方体空腔，其中正方体空腔的高度为0.7毫米，边长为12毫米。取用表层聚氯乙烯人造革材料放置在冲孔机上进行机械冲孔，其中圆形孔径0.7毫米，孔间距为12毫米。
3.冲压形成的正方体空腔的两端浸入热熔胶U形池中，浸入后热熔胶附着在正方体空腔的两端端面上，干燥，其中温度90-100℃。
4.使用热压机将上层人造革层、第一空腔层、下层人造革层和第二空腔层粘合一体件，其中温度90-100℃。其中第一空腔层的空腔与上层人造革层圆孔和下层人造革层圆孔一一对应，第二空腔层的空腔与下层人造革层圆孔一一对应，干燥。
5.通过用三辊压延机，使得EVA层与EPDM发泡层复合。三辊压延机的1辊2辊辊温90±1℃，1,2辊距0.3毫米，3辊辊温95±1℃，2,3辊距2.1毫米。三辊压延机收辊卷曲的线速度18-20m/min。再将上述EVA层与EPDM发泡层复合件放入鼓式硫化机在140-160℃20min内对EPDM层进行发泡。
6、将发泡后的EPDM发泡隔音层放入水槽中沸水煮沸，煮沸5min，煮沸后EPDM发泡层内的盐融入沸水中，形成新的微孔结构。后经过热风干燥，其中热风温度为98-100℃。
7.再使用热压机将上层人造革层、第一空腔层、下层人造革层和第二空腔层粘合一体件与EPDM发泡隔音层和EVA层压延一体件通过热熔胶复合一体，其中温度90-100℃
8.再将上述材料通过高速涂布机在EVA表层均匀涂布改性环氧树脂粘合层，并且热风干燥，收卷。其中涂布辊间距4.4毫米，干燥温度110℃，收卷辊的收卷线速度20-22m/min。
本实施例所述上下层人造革层材料为聚氯乙烯人造革材料，所述上、下层人造革层的厚度为0.3毫米，圆形孔径0.7毫米，孔间距为12毫米。所述第一空腔层的正方体空腔的高度为0.7毫米，边长为12毫米。所述第二空腔层的正方体空腔的高度为0.7毫米，边长为12毫米。所述EPDM发泡隔音层的厚度为1.8毫米。所述EVA层厚度为0.4毫米。所述改性环氧树脂粘合层的厚度0.4毫米。
实施例4
如图1所示，一种复合空腔吸音材料结构阻尼板，由至上而下依次设置的上层人造革层1、第一空腔层2、下层人造革层3、第二空腔层4、EPDM发泡隔音层5、EVA层6和改性环氧树脂粘合层7构成。上、下层人造革层是聚氯乙烯人造革材料，在人造革层均匀间隔冲有圆孔8，上层人造革层的圆孔与下层人造革层的圆孔孔径相同且一一对应，空腔层采用硬质聚氯乙烯材料，在第一空腔层及第二空腔层内分别均匀间隔制有多个方形空腔9，第一空腔层与第二空腔层的空腔尺寸相同且一一对应，而且，空腔层的空腔与人造革层的圆孔也是一一对应。
EPDM发泡隔音层材料是由下面配方组成：EPDM：100公斤，碳酸钙：13公斤、N330炭黑：12公斤、发泡剂OBSH：4公斤、发泡助剂NaHCO3：2公斤、尿素：3公斤、石蜡:2公斤、防老剂2246：2公斤、硬脂酸：4公斤、氧化锌：8公斤、DCP：5公斤、短玄武岩纤维：6公斤、淀粉：6公斤。其中短玄武岩纤维的直径0.01-0.05mm，长度10-20mm。淀粉需要进行研磨至200-225目的粒径。
1.将上述材料依次加入75升密炼机中进行混炼，混炼温度为85-90℃，混炼时间7-9min。待压延工序使用。
2.硬质聚氯乙烯通过冲压机冲成上下通透的多个正方体空腔，其中正方体空腔的高度为0.8毫米，边长为13毫米。取用表层聚氯乙烯人造革材料放置在冲孔机上进行机械冲孔，其中圆形孔径0.8毫米，孔间距为13毫米。
3.冲压形成的正方体空腔的两端浸入热熔胶U形池中，浸入后热熔胶附着在正方体空腔的两端端面上，干燥，其中温度90-100℃。
4.使用热压机将上层人造革层、第一空腔层、下层人造革层和第二空腔层粘合一体件，其中温度90-100℃。其中第一空腔层的空腔与上层人造革层圆孔和下层人造革层圆孔一一对应，第二空腔层的空腔与下层人造革层圆孔一一对应，干燥。
5.通过用三辊压延机，使得EVA层与EPDM发泡层复合。三辊压延机的1辊2辊辊温90±1℃，1,2辊距0.4毫米，3辊辊温95±1℃，2,3辊距2.3毫米。三辊压延机收辊卷曲的线速度18-20m/min。再将上述EVA层与EPDM发泡层复合件放入鼓式硫化机在140-160℃20min内对EPDM层进行发泡。
6、将发泡后的EPDM发泡隔音层放入水槽中沸水煮沸，煮沸5min，煮沸后EPDM发泡层内的淀粉融入沸水中，形成新的微孔结构。后经过热风干燥，其中热风温度为98-100℃。
7.再使用热压机将上层人造革层、第一空腔层、下层人造革层和第二空腔层粘合一体件与EPDM发泡隔音层和EVA层压延一体件通过热熔胶复合一体，其中温度90-100℃
8.再将上述材料通过高速涂布机在EVA表层均匀涂布改性环氧树脂粘合层，并且热风干燥，收卷。其中涂布辊间距5.1毫米，干燥温度110℃，收卷辊的收卷线速度20-22m/min。
本实施例所述上下层人造革层材料为聚氯乙烯人造革材料，所述上、下层人造革层的厚度为0.4毫米，圆形孔径0.8毫米，孔间距为13毫米。所述第一空腔层的正方体空腔的高度为0.8毫米，边长为13毫米。所述第二空腔层的正方体空腔的高度为0.8毫米，边长为13毫米。所述EPDM发泡隔音层的厚度为1.9毫米。所述EVA层厚度为0.5毫米。所述改性环氧树脂粘合层的厚度0.5毫米。

Claims (8)

1.一种复合空腔吸音材料结构阻尼板，其特征在于：由至上而下依次设置的上层人造革层、第一空腔层、下层人造革层、第二空腔层、EPDM发泡隔音层、EVA层和改性环氧树脂粘合层构成，在上层人造革层及下层人造革层上分别均匀间隔制有多个圆孔，在第一空腔层及第二空腔层分别均匀制有多个方形空腔，至上而下排布的圆孔、空腔一一对应，所述EPDM发泡隔音层的厚度为1.7-2毫米，所述EVA层厚度为0.4-0.5毫米。
2.根据权利要求1所述的复合空腔吸音材料结构阻尼板，其特征在于：所述EPDM发泡隔音层的材料组分及重量份数为：
3.根据权利要求2所述的复合空腔吸音材料结构阻尼板，其特征在于：所述的短玄武岩纤维的直径0.01-0.05mm，长度10-20mm。
4.根据权利要求2所述的复合空腔吸音材料结构阻尼板，其特征在于：所述的淀粉或白沙糖或盐的粒径为200-225目。
5.根据权利要求1所述的复合空腔吸音材料结构阻尼板，其特征在于：所述上层人造革层及下层人造革层的厚度均为0.25-0.5毫米，圆形孔径0.5-1.2毫米，孔间距为10-15毫米。
6.根据权利要求1所述的复合空腔吸音材料结构阻尼板，其特征在于：所述方形空腔的高度为0.5-1毫米，边长为10-15毫米。
7.根据权利要求1所述的复合空腔吸音材料结构阻尼板，其特征在于：所述改性环氧树脂粘合层的厚度0.4-0.5毫米。
8.根据权利要求1-7任一权利要求所述的复合空腔吸音材料结构阻尼板，其特征在于：制备方法包括以下步骤：
1)混炼工序:EPDM为主体材料，同时依次加入碳酸钙、N330炭黑、发泡剂OBSH、发泡助剂NaHCO3、尿素、石蜡、防老剂2246、硬脂酸、氧化锌、DCP、短玄武岩纤维、淀粉或白沙糖或盐进行混炼，混炼均匀后出料，制成混炼EPDM胶片；
2)冲压工序:硬质聚氯乙烯通过冲压机冲成上下通透的多个正方体空腔，取用表层聚氯乙烯人造革材料放置在冲孔机上进行机械冲孔；
3)热压工序:将上述冲压形成的正方体空腔的两端浸入热熔胶U形池中，浸入后热熔胶附着在正方体空腔的两端端面上，干燥，再使用热压机将上层人造革层、第一空腔层、下层人造革层和第二空腔层进行施压粘合成为一体，其中第一空腔层的空腔与上层人造革层圆孔和下层人造革层圆孔一一对应，第二空腔层的空腔与下层人造革层圆孔一一对应，干燥；
4)压延工序：使用三辊压延机将EPDM发泡层和EVA层压成一体，并且放入鼓式硫化机中进行EPDM发泡层发泡；
5)煮出工序：将发泡后EPDM发泡隔音层放入水槽中沸水煮沸，干燥；
6)热压工序:再使用热压机将上层人造革层、第一空腔层、下层人造革层和第二空腔层粘合一体件与EPDM发泡隔音层和EVA层压延一体件通过热熔胶复合一体；
7)涂布工序：上述复合一体件的EVA层背面通过涂布机均匀涂布改性环氧树脂粘合层。
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