CN106735266A - The preparation method of increasing material manufacturing powder of stainless steel, stainless steel and the stainless steel - Google Patents
The preparation method of increasing material manufacturing powder of stainless steel, stainless steel and the stainless steel Download PDFInfo
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- CN106735266A CN106735266A CN201611072289.3A CN201611072289A CN106735266A CN 106735266 A CN106735266 A CN 106735266A CN 201611072289 A CN201611072289 A CN 201611072289A CN 106735266 A CN106735266 A CN 106735266A
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- stainless steel
- powder
- copper
- preparation
- material manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/14—Treatment of metallic powder
- B22F1/142—Thermal or thermo-mechanical treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/16—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing copper
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of increasing material manufacturing powder of stainless steel, carry out what is obtained after dispensing, melting, powder processed, sub-sieve, aging strengthening model by stainless steel material powder, the mass content of copper is 1wt% 10wt% in the stainless steel material powder.Preparation method of the invention：First prepare powder of stainless steel；Increasing material manufacturing is carried out after a timeliness is carried out to powder of stainless steel, then the alloy that increasing material manufacturing is obtained 3h of solution treatment 0.5 at 1,050 1200 DEG C carries out secondary ageing heat treatment again, that is, obtain stainless steel., relative to traditional stainless steel, its room temperature lower yield strength and tensile strength, elongation percentage are all improved stainless steel prepared by the method for the present invention.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to stainless steel material field, more particularly to a kind of increasing material manufacturing powder of stainless steel, stainless steel and should
The preparation method of stainless steel.
Background technology
Metal increasing material manufacturing includes that selective laser melting technology, direct metal laser sintering forming technique, selectivity swash
Light sintering technology and electron-beam melting forming technique are the main flow metal RP techniques for occurring in recent years, are rapid prototype manufacturings
One of latest development form.Metal increasing material manufacturing, is melted moulding material using high energy laser beam or electron beam, and material melts
After change under software program driving, the automatic solidification that each section is completed by design technology recombines material and forms gold
Category part.
The caking power of increasing material manufacturing course powder determines the performance of final alloy or part.Prior art is typically
On the basis of the conventional cast alloying component having been commercialized, by different flouring technologies adjusted powder size, size distribution,
The parameters such as oxygen content, sphericity are suitable for the alloy powder of increasing material manufacturing to research and develop.However, general alloy such as ferrous alloy, by
In granularity is small, specific surface area big, powder surface is typically to be existed in the form of alloyed oxide, because oxide is typically relatively caused
It is close, need energy higher that the sintering and densification that could realize powder are destroyed to it at high temperature.Increase material system for electron beam
Process is made, due to the charge buildup effect of oxide on surface, process adjustments are improper also to cause so-called " haze phenomenon ", not only
Increase increasing material manufacturing alloy defect, can also destroy the vacuum system of equipment or electron gun.As shown in figure 1, conventional powder is increasing material
In manufacturing process, electron beam or laser sintered limited to the irradiation of powder or sintering time, due to the presence of surface film oxide,
It is difficult to form liquid phase between particle, hinders the expanding of element between powder, cause sintering not enough, part has substantial amounts of sintering defect
Or hole, reduce the mechanical property or service life of part.Therefore, suitable powdered ingredients, structure how are developed, makes particle
Between preferentially form liquid phase, the quick diffusion for promoting element between particle is one of the key for solving current increases material manufacturing technology.
The content of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are to overcome the shortcomings of to be mentioned and defect in background above technology, there is provided one
Plant the preparation method of increasing material manufacturing powder of stainless steel, stainless steel and the stainless steel.
In order to solve the above technical problems, technical scheme proposed by the present invention is：
A kind of increasing material manufacturing powder of stainless steel, dispensing, melting, powder processed, sub-sieve, timeliness are carried out by stainless steel material powder
Obtained after heat treatment, the mass content of copper is 1wt%-10wt% in the stainless steel material powder.Applicant is by repeatedly
Research and experimental verification find that, when copper content is less than 1wt% in powder of stainless steel, Ageing Treatment is difficult after particle surface
To enough copper, the sintering character of powder of stainless steel is promoted little；As copper content 10wt% high, copper amount of precipitation is too many, breaks
Bad particle surface pattern, causes powder flowbility to decline, unfavorable to increasing material manufacturing；Meanwhile, when copper content is higher than 10wt%, increase material
Copper can be separated out largely in manufacturing process, and precipitate meeting agglomeration, and the performance facilitation to stainless steel is not obvious, or even meeting
Deteriorate stainless Steel Properties.
Above-mentioned powder of stainless steel, it is preferred that the stainless steel material powder is on the component base of 316L stainless steels
Obtained after addition copper.
Above-mentioned powder of stainless steel, it is preferred that the aging heat treatment temperature is 300-700 DEG C, and the time is 0.5-5h.
Applicant is had found by research repeatedly and experimental verification, by suitable temperature and the Ageing Treatment of right times, can made substantial amounts of
Copper is separated out in the crystal boundary of particle surface and other fault locations, difficult because the diffusion coefficient of copper is very low when temperature is less than 300 DEG C
To form the copper of q.s in powder particle surface, when temperature is higher than 700 DEG C, can be due between the copper of precipitation between powder
Diffusion is bonded, and causes powder flowbility to decline.
Used as a total inventive concept, the present invention also provides a kind of preparation method of stainless steel, comprises the following steps：
(1) stainless steel material powder is first carried out into dispensing, melting, powder processed, sub-sieve, an aging strengthening model, obtains stainless
Powdered steel；Aging heat treatment temperature is 300-700 DEG C, and the time is 0.5-5h；In the stainless steel material powder
The mass content of copper is 1wt%-10wt%；
(2) increasing material manufacturing is carried out to the powder of stainless steel, the alloy that increasing material manufacturing is obtained is solid at 1000-1200 DEG C
Molten treatment 0.5-3h, then carries out secondary ageing heat treatment again, that is, obtain the stainless steel；Wherein, at the secondary ageing heat
The temperature of reason is 300-600 DEG C, and the time is 0.5-5h.Applicant has found that solid solution temperature is less than 1000 by research repeatedly
DEG C when, elements diffusion is slow, and the required solution treatment time is more long, and is difficult to ensure that whole extraneous copper element solid solutions in not
In rust steel matrix；Simultaneously it has also been found that stainless steel base softens when solid solubility temperature is higher than 1200 DEG C, parts of stainless steel is may result in
Deformation；Wherein, the temperature of the secondary ageing heat treatment is 200-600 DEG C, and the time is 0.5-5h；Applicant by studying repeatedly
It was found that, when secondary ageing temperature is less than 200 DEG C, the diffusion rate of copper is very low, separates out and hydrodynamics DeGrain, works as temperature
When degree is higher than 600 DEG C, the copper of precipitation is easily grown up, and the mechanical property and corrosion resistance to stainless steel have deterioration to be inclined to.Timeliness temperature
When spending relatively low (less than 400 DEG C), aging time can proper extension 3-5 hours, and when aging temp is higher, aging time is appropriate
Shortening is advisable (0.5-2 hours), and the time is oversize to cause precipitate copper to be grown up.I.e. the present invention is first passed through between solution treatment makes particle
Copper be solid-solubilized in matrix again, then by secondary ageing process can make copper Dispersed precipitate in alloy substrate, so as to improve not
The intensity of rust steel.
Above-mentioned preparation method a, it is preferred that aging strengthening model and secondary ageing heat treatment are in vacuum or lazy
Carried out under property gas shield.
Above-mentioned preparation method, it is preferred that copper content is 3wt%-8wt% in the stainless steel material powder.
Above-mentioned preparation method, it is preferred that the pulverizing process uses argon gas aerosolization, nitrogen aerosolization or plasma
Rotation electrode powder.
Above-mentioned preparation method, it is preferred that the stainless steel material powder carries out an aging heat treatment temperature and is
400-600 DEG C, the time is 2-4h.
Above-mentioned preparation method, it is preferred that the temperature of the secondary ageing heat treatment is 350-450 DEG C, and the time is 3-4h.
Above-mentioned preparation method, it is preferred that the stainless steel material powder is to add copper on the component base of stainless steel
Obtain afterwards, copper is uniformly solid-solution in powdered base in the stainless steel material powder；Wherein, the stainless steel is elected as
316L stainless steels.
Used as a total inventive concept, the present invention also provides a kind of stainless steel, is prepared by above-mentioned preparation method.
Compared with prior art, the advantage of the invention is that：
(1) there are substantial amounts of copper segregation, increasing material manufacturing process in powder of stainless steel of the invention surface after an Ageing Treatment
Copper can be solid-solution in stainless steel base after middle temperature is raised, after the completion of increasing material manufacturing, can be by real again after solution treatment
Row Ageing Treatment (secondary ageing), Dispersed precipitate reaches alloy strengthening effect in stainless steel base again to make copper, further carries
The mechanical property of stainless steel high.
(2) appropriate solid solution copper excessively is added in stainless steel of the invention, Powder during Sintering Process schematic diagram is shown in Fig. 2 institutes
Show, by the aging strengthening model to powder substantial amounts of copper can be made to separate out in the crystal boundary of particle surface and other fault locations, due to table
The copper in face can melt under compared with matrix lower temperature, while its liquid phase has preferable wetability with matrix, may act as high temperature
The quick diffusion admittance of matrix stainless steel in sintering process, so as to greatly improve the sintering character of powder.
(3) appropriate solid solution copper excessively is added in stainless steel of the invention, can be made by the aging strengthening model to powder
Substantial amounts of copper is separated out in the crystal boundary of particle surface and other fault locations, because the fusing point of copper is low and the reason such as good conductivity, can be had
Effect avoid conventional powder surface be oxidized thing surround and the caking power that causes is low, during electron beam increasing material manufacturing haze it is existing
As the problems such as, so as to reduce increasing material manufacturing cost, improve the performance of increasing material manufacturing stainless steel.
(4) stainless steel prepared by the method for the present invention is relative to traditional stainless steel, and its room temperature lower yield strength is strong with stretching
Degree, elongation percentage are all improved.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is powder of stainless steel Powder during Sintering Process schematic diagram during increasing material manufacturing in the prior art.
Fig. 2 is Powder during Sintering Process schematic diagram during stainless steel increasing material manufacturing of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the phasor that the present invention adds 0-10% copper in 316L stainless steels.
Specific embodiment
For the ease of understanding the present invention, do more complete to inventing herein below in conjunction with Figure of description and preferred embodiment
Face, meticulously describe, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to specific examples below.
Unless otherwise defined, all technical terms used hereinafter are generally understood that implication phase with those skilled in the art
Together.Technical term used herein is intended merely to describe the purpose of specific embodiment, is not intended to limitation of the invention
Protection domain.
Unless otherwise specified, various raw material, reagent, instrument and equipment used in the present invention etc. can be by city
Field is commercially available or can be prepared by existing method.
Embodiment：
The present embodiment selection tool steel powder be in the stainless composition of steel of 316L add copper carry out dispensing, melting, powder processed,
Obtained after sub-sieve, aging strengthening model；The composition and content minute mark of the tool steel powder be：316L stainless steel alloy powder：
Fe-17Cr-13Ni-2.5Mo-2.1Mn-0.5Si-0.01C-(1-10)Cu。
The phasor of copper is added in 316L stainless steel primitive components as shown in Figure 3, from the figure 3, it may be seen that former in 316L stainless steels
After adding copper in beginning composition, during high temperature, copper can be solid-solution in 316L stainless steel bases completely, by argon gas aerosolization, nitrogen gas
Atomization or plasma rotating electrode quickly cool down the powder of preparation, and because copper has little time diffusion, copper was solid solution condition, and uniformly
It is distributed in 316L stainless steel bases, after aging strengthening model, copper is separated out from iron-based body, and it is preferential in the precipitation of crystal boundary position,
And form continuous copper networks；By aging strengthening model so that copper is segregated in energy grain boundaries higher, unstable, and crystal boundary is exactly
The position that powder preferential oxidation occurs, these effectively prevent the generation of increasing material manufacturing Powder Oxidation along the copper that crystal boundary is distributed；
Simultaneously as the copper fusing point of particle surface is low, during increasing material manufacturing, liquid phase, the unit between enhancing particle can be preferentially formed
The diffusion of element, improves the sintering character of powder.
The preparation method of the stainless steel of following embodiments, comprises the following steps：
(1) stainless steel material powder is carried out into dispensing, melting, (argon gas aerosolization, nitrogen aerosolization or plasma revolve powder processed
Turn the quick cooling of electrode and prepare powder), sub-sieve, an aging strengthening model is carried out under inert gas shielding；According to copper content
Difference, aging heat treatment condition and range changes at 300-700 DEG C in the range of 0.5-5 hours；
(2) increasing material manufacturing is carried out to the raw material after an aging strengthening model, the alloy that increasing material manufacturing is obtained is in 1000-
Secondary ageing heat treatment is carried out at 1200 DEG C after solution treatment 0.5-3h, stainless steel is obtained；Secondary ageing heat treatment temperature be
300-600 DEG C, the time is 0.5-5h, and secondary ageing heat treatment is also carried out under inert gas shielding.At increasing material manufacturing and solid solution
After reason, the copper of particle surface is all solid-solution in matrix again, and each element is uniformly divided in ensureing stainless steel alloy after solution treatment
Cloth, carries out Ageing Treatment (secondary ageing) again, makes copper Dispersed precipitate that alloy strengthening effect is reached in stainless steel alloy matrix,
Further improve the mechanical property of alloy.
Stainless steel alloy performance is shown in Table 1 He after the composition of nitrogen aerosolization powder of stainless steel and increasing material manufacturing in the present embodiment
Shown in table 2.
(draw direction is parallel to paving for the 316L stainless steel alloys composition and room-temperature property of each embodiment of table 1 and comparative example
Powder)
Increasing material manufacturing stainless steel in the different embodiments of the invention of table 2 mechanical property at different temperatures after timeliness
From the experimental data of table 1- tables 2, stainless steel of the invention compared to prior art stainless steel (comparative example),
Room temperature lower yield strength improves 20-60MPa with tensile strength, and elongation percentage improves 2-6%.As can be seen here, the present invention tradition not
On the basis of rust steel, by adding appropriate Cu elements, and suitable Ageing Treatment is carried out by powder, improve stainless
The sintering character of steel, is improved the mechanical property of alloy and elongation percentage, it is ensured that the mechanical property of stainless steel.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of increasing material manufacturing powder of stainless steel, it is characterised in that by stainless steel material powder carry out dispensing, melting, powder processed,
Obtained after sub-sieve, aging strengthening model, the mass content of copper is 1wt%-10wt% in the stainless steel material powder.
2. powder of stainless steel as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the stainless steel material powder is in 316L stainless steels
Component base on add copper after obtain.
3. powder of stainless steel as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the aging heat treatment temperature is 300-700 DEG C,
Time is 0.5-5h.
4. a kind of preparation method of stainless steel, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
(1) stainless steel material powder is first carried out into dispensing, melting, powder processed, sub-sieve, an aging strengthening model, obtains stainless steel powder
End；Aging heat treatment temperature is 300-700 DEG C, and the time is 0.5-5h；Copper in the stainless steel material powder
Mass content is 1wt%-10wt%；
(2) increasing material manufacturing is carried out to the powder of stainless steel, the alloy that increasing material manufacturing is obtained is at solid solution at 1000-1200 DEG C
Reason 0.5-3h, then carries out secondary ageing heat treatment again, that is, obtain the stainless steel；Wherein, the secondary ageing is heat-treated
Temperature is 300-600 DEG C, and the time is 0.5-5h.
5. preparation method as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that the pulverizing process uses argon gas aerosolization, nitrogen gas
Atomization or plasma rotating electrode powder.
6. preparation method as claimed in claim 4 a, it is characterised in that aging strengthening model and secondary ageing are heat-treated
Carried out under vacuum or inert gas shielding.
7. preparation method as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that copper content is 3wt%- in the stainless steel material powder
8wt%.
8. preparation method as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that the stainless steel material powder is carried out at a timeliness heat
The temperature of reason is 400-600 DEG C, and the time is 2-4h；The temperature of the secondary ageing heat treatment is 350-450 DEG C, and the time is 3-
4h。
9. preparation method as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that the stainless steel material powder is the composition in stainless steel
On the basis of add copper after obtain, in the stainless steel material powder copper is uniformly solid-solution in powdered base；Wherein, it is described
Stainless steel is 316L stainless steels.
10. a kind of stainless steel, it is characterised in that the preparation method as described in the claims any one of 4-9 is prepared.
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| CN201611072289.3A CN106735266B (en) | 2016-11-29 | 2016-11-29 | The preparation method of increasing material manufacturing powder of stainless steel, stainless steel and the stainless steel |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113414404A (en) * | 2021-05-21 | 2021-09-21 | 西安建筑科技大学 | Method for manufacturing H13 steel in additive mode |
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2016
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| CN1676654A (en) * | 2005-04-14 | 2005-10-05 | 华南理工大学 | Stainless steel powder composite material and its warm-pressing method |
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| CN113414404A (en) * | 2021-05-21 | 2021-09-21 | 西安建筑科技大学 | Method for manufacturing H13 steel in additive mode |
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