CN106735174A - A kind of 3D printing metal-base composites and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of 3D printing metal-base composites and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN106735174A CN106735174A CN201611248238.1A CN201611248238A CN106735174A CN 106735174 A CN106735174 A CN 106735174A CN 201611248238 A CN201611248238 A CN 201611248238A CN 106735174 A CN106735174 A CN 106735174A
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- powder
- base composites
- printing metal
- sapphire whisker
- monocrystalline sapphire
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- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 229910052594 sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000010980 sapphire Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000967 suction filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004372 laser cladding Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003828 vacuum filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical group O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 8
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000110 selective laser sintering Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011157 advanced composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001787 dendrite Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/10—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/25—Direct deposition of metal particles, e.g. direct metal deposition [DMD] or laser engineered net shaping [LENS]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/34—Process control of powder characteristics, e.g. density, oxidation or flowability
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C49/00—Alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments
- C22C49/02—Alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments characterised by the matrix material
- C22C49/08—Iron group metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C49/00—Alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments
- C22C49/14—Alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments characterised by the fibres or filaments
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of 3D printing metal-base composites and preparation method thereof, 3D printing metal-base composites, including following component：The weight portion of iron powder 30 80；The auxiliary weight portion of powder 10 30；The weight portion of monocrystalline sapphire whisker 1 ~ 30；The weight portion of lubricant 5 ~ 15；The auxiliary powder is the mixture of Cr, Ni, Cu, Mn, Si, Mo, Nb and C powder.A kind of 3D printing metal-base composites of the invention has the multiple performance such as high intensity, high temperature resistant, anti-oxidant, corrosion-resistant, it is adaptable to feature prototype and series parts（Turbine engine combustion chamber, thin-walled, complex partses）, it is widely used in industry and aerospace field.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to 3D printing Material Field, and in particular to a kind of 3D printing metal-base composites and its preparation side
Method.
Background technology
Stainless steel material, high intensity and toughness, it is adaptable to feature prototype and series parts, are widely used in industry
And aerospace field.
Monocrystalline sapphire whisker (Single crystal sapphire Whisker, also known as monocrystalline sapphire fiber) is
A kind of signle crystal alumina whisker with certain draw ratio, with superior mechanical intensity, heat shock resistance, proportion is small, anti-oxidant, height
The excellent physical property such as wear-resisting amount and highly corrosion resistant.Monocrystalline sapphire whisker is suitable as ceramics, metal, plastics and rubber
Reinforcing component.Therefore, monocrystalline sapphire whisker turns into the optimal selection of third generation advanced composite material.
The principle of 3D printing technique is layered manufacturing, successively increases material to generate the technology of 3D solid, so quilt again
Referred to as increases material manufacturing technology.Not only customer service tradition subtracts the waste and loss of material manufacture, and makes product manufacturing precision, efficiently
Change, it is intelligent.The high-end product of complicated shape is especially related to, 3D printing technique shows huge superiority.It is described as
The third time industrial revolution of traditional manufacture is overturned, is put into China's emerging strategic industries.But because 3D printing technique is
Conventionally manufactured pattern is overturned, 3D printing material turns into the bottleneck of 3D printing technique, limits the development of 3D printing technique,
This also turns into the innovative point and difficult point of 3D printing technique simultaneously.
At present, conventional 3D printing material is mostly plastic material, using plastic material meltability and thermoplastic feature,
Under molten condition, by extrusion, solidify and be layering, ultimately form product.Plastic material has good heat flow because of it
Property, quick cooling caking property and mechanical strength higher, be rapidly developed and be widely applied in 3D printing field.But 3D
Printing technique eventually develops in high-end industrial circle application, and resinous plastic material cannot meet the demand of high-end industry,
Therefore, 3D printing material progressively develops from macromolecular material to metal_based material.
3D printing main flow forming technique includes selective laser sintering（SLS）, melting precipitation shaping（FDM）, cubic light it is solid
Change（SLA）Deng.Metal dust as 3D printing raw material, mainly using selective laser sintering.Selective Laser Sintering is
Use high-energy beam（Laser, electron beam）As thermal source, selective melting is carried out to powder, continuously piled up after cooling, ultimately form product
Product, because the usual fusing point of metal is higher, are oxidized easily again, can so influence the intensity of product.The metal material of melting is solidifying
Gu during volume contraction, huge thermal stress can be caused, this can also influence the intensity of material.On the other hand, due to metal powder
Last particle diameter distribution is uneven, and crystallisation by cooling process is complicated and is difficult to control to, it may appear that crystal is grown up with dendrite etc., will reduce material
Mechanical property, cause product to obtain high-end applications.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of 3D printing metal-base composites and preparation method thereof, in stainless steel
After adding monocrystalline sapphire whisker, the product modulus of elasticity in static bending, tensile strength at high temperature can be significantly improved, with high-strength
The multiple performance such as degree, high temperature resistant, anti-oxidant, corrosion-resistant, for preparing the fine engineering component of high-strength, high-ductility, such as propeller for turboprop
Machine combustion chamber, thin-walled, complex partses.
To realize object above, the technical scheme is that：
A kind of 3D printing metal-base composites, including following component by weight：
Iron powder 30-80 weight portions
Auxiliary powder 10-30 weight portions
The weight portion of monocrystalline sapphire whisker 1 ~ 30
The weight portion of lubricant 5 ~ 15；
The auxiliary powder is the mixture of Cr, Ni, Cu, Mn, Si, Mo, Nb and C powder.
Described 3D printing metal-base composites, each component parts by weight are preferably：
Iron powder 35-75 weight portions
The auxiliary weight portion of powder 20
The weight portion of monocrystalline sapphire whisker 1 ~ 30
The weight portion of lubricant 5 ~ 15.
The weight fraction of Cr, Ni, Cu, Mn, Si, Mo, Nb and C is respectively in the auxiliary powder：Cr 12；Ni
4；Cu 3；Mn 0.3；Si 0.3；Mo 0.2；Nb 0.15；C 0.05.
The monocrystalline sapphire whisker is 0.1 ~ 1 μm of diameter, and length is 5 ~ 20 μm, preferred length is 5-10 μm；Density is
4g/cm3, purity（wt%）It is the monocrystalline sapphire whisker of 90-99.9%.
The lubricant is that paraffin or methacrylate are at least one.
（1）By Fe, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mn, Si, Mo, Nb and C powder monocrystalline sapphire whisker and lubricant according to
Formula ratio is added in dispersant, stirs 6 ~ 18 h.The dispersant is deionized water or absolute ethyl alcohol, each powder, monocrystalline
Sapphire whisker and lubricant and the volume ratio of dispersant are 1：1 ~ 10, the mixing speed is 350 ~ 550r/min.
（2）To above-mentioned mixed liquor in ultrasonically treated 10 ~ 30min.
（3）By the uniform compound of dispersion mixing on vacuum filtration machine suction filtration.
（4）By suction filtration gained mixed-powder drying 4 ~ 6 h dry for standby in 60 DEG C ~ 80 DEG C of drying box.
（5）Mixed-powder is placed in argon protective device, the high-purity argon gas of certain flow are passed through in advance, made in device chamber
Oxygen content is less than 40 μ L/ L.The high-purity argon gas flow is 4 ~ 40L/min purity >=99.99%.
（6）Operation program, by laser automatic powder feeding device, mixed-powder is ejected into the molten bath of laser beam generation, shape
Into the laser cladding layer that stainless steel and monocrystalline sapphire whisker are combined, realize successively melting by each layer of nc program
Cover, finally give the three-dimensional stainless steel component of required shape.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
Beneficial effect：
（1）A kind of 3D printing metal-base composites of the invention has high intensity, high temperature resistant, anti-oxidant, corrosion-resistant etc. many
Plant performance, it is adaptable to feature prototype and series parts（Turbine engine combustion chamber, thin-walled, complex partses）, it is extensive
It is applied to industry and aerospace field.
（2）A kind of 3D printing metal-base composites of the invention has powder granule small, and particle diameter distribution is narrow, mobility
Preferably, it is preferable with 3D printer shaping speed matching；Product property stabilization, high precision.
（3）A kind of 3D printing of the invention is simple with metal-base composites process, it is easy to industrialized production；
（4）A kind of 3D printing metal-base composites raw material of the invention is easy to get, low cost, and with good Environmental Effect
Benefit and economic benefit.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail by embodiment.
Embodiment 1
（1）The mass percent of Fe, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mn, Si, Mo, Nb, C, monocrystalline sapphire whisker and lubricant
For：Fe: 74, Cr: 12 , Ni: 4 ,Cu: 3 , Mn: 0.3 , Si: 0.3 , Mo: 0.2, Nb :0.15 , C:
0.05, monocrystalline sapphire whisker：1, paraffin：5 .
（2）In weighing mixed-powder 1000g and add anhydrous 1250ml ethanol according to above-mentioned formula ratio, stir with speed
350r/min stirs 18 h.
（3）To above-mentioned mixed liquor in ultrasonically treated 10 ~ 30min.
（4）By the uniform compound of dispersion mixing on vacuum filtration machine suction filtration.
（5）By suction filtration gained mixed-powder drying 4 ~ 6 h dry for standby in 80 DEG C of drying box.
（6）Mixed-powder is placed in argon protective device, the high-purity argon gas of certain flow are passed through in advance, made in device chamber
Oxygen content is less than 40 μ L/ L.
（7）Operation program, by laser automatic powder feeding device, mixed-powder is ejected into the molten bath of laser beam generation, shape
Into the laser cladding layer that stainless steel and monocrystalline sapphire whisker are combined, realize successively melting by each layer of nc program
Cover, finally give the three-dimensional stainless steel component of required shape.
Embodiment 2
（1）The mass percent of Fe, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mn, Si, Mo, Nb, C, monocrystalline sapphire whisker and lubricant
For：Fe: 65, Cr: 12 , Ni: 4 ,Cu: 3 , Mn: 0.3 , Si: 0.3 , Mo: 0.2, Nb :0.15 , C:
0.05, monocrystalline sapphire whisker：5, paraffin：10 .
（2）In weighing mixed-powder 1000g and add anhydrous 1800ml ethanol according to above-mentioned formula ratio, stir with speed
450r/min stirs 10 h.
（3）To above-mentioned mixed liquor in ultrasonically treated 10 ~ 30min.
（4）By the uniform compound of dispersion mixing on vacuum filtration machine suction filtration.
（5）By suction filtration gained mixed-powder drying 4 ~ 6 h dry for standby in 80 DEG C of drying box.
（6）Mixed-powder is placed in argon protective device, the high-purity argon gas of certain flow are passed through in advance, made in device chamber
Oxygen content is less than 40 μ L/ L.
（7）Operation program, by laser automatic powder feeding device, mixed-powder is ejected into the molten bath of laser beam generation, shape
Into the laser cladding layer that stainless steel and monocrystalline sapphire whisker are combined, realize successively melting by each layer of nc program
Cover, finally give the three-dimensional stainless steel component of required shape.
Embodiment 3
（1）The mass percent of Fe, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mn, Si, Mo, Nb, C, monocrystalline sapphire whisker and lubricant
For：Fe: 60 , Cr: 12 , Ni: 4 ,Cu: 3 , Mn: 0.3 , Si: 0.3 , Mo: 0.2, Nb :0.15 ,
C:0.05, monocrystalline sapphire whisker：10, paraffin：10 .
（2）In weighing mixed-powder 1000g and add anhydrous 2500ml ethanol according to above-mentioned formula ratio, stir with speed
500r/min stirs 10 h.
（3）To above-mentioned mixed liquor in ultrasonically treated 10 ~ 30min.
（4）By the uniform compound of dispersion mixing on vacuum filtration machine suction filtration.
（5）By suction filtration gained mixed-powder drying 4 ~ 6 h dry for standby in 60 DEG C of drying box.
（6）Mixed-powder is placed in argon protective device, the high-purity argon gas of certain flow are passed through in advance, made in device chamber
Oxygen content is less than 40 μ L/ L.
（7）Operation program, by laser automatic powder feeding device, mixed-powder is ejected into the molten bath of laser beam generation, shape
Into the laser cladding layer that stainless steel and monocrystalline sapphire whisker are combined, realize successively melting by each layer of nc program
Cover, finally give the three-dimensional stainless steel component of required shape.
Embodiment 4
（1）The mass percent of Fe, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mn, Si, Mo, Nb, C, monocrystalline sapphire whisker and lubricant
For：Fe: 55 , Cr: 12 , Ni: 4 ,Cu: 3 , Mn: 0.3 , Si: 0.3 , Mo: 0.2, Nb :0.15 ,
C:0.05, monocrystalline sapphire whisker：15, methacrylate：10 .
（2）In weighing mixed-powder 1000g and add anhydrous 5000ml ethanol according to above-mentioned formula ratio, stir with speed
500r/min stirs 10 h.
（3）To above-mentioned mixed liquor in ultrasonically treated 10 ~ 30min.
（4）By the uniform compound of dispersion mixing on vacuum filtration machine suction filtration.
（5）By suction filtration gained mixed-powder drying 4 ~ 6 h dry for standby in 70 DEG C of drying box.
（6）Mixed-powder is placed in argon protective device, the high-purity argon gas of certain flow are passed through in advance, made in device chamber
Oxygen content is less than 40 μ L/ L.
（7）Operation program, by laser automatic powder feeding device, mixed-powder is ejected into the molten bath of laser beam generation, shape
Into the laser cladding layer that stainless steel and monocrystalline sapphire whisker are combined, realize successively melting by each layer of nc program
Cover, finally give the three-dimensional stainless steel component of required shape.
Embodiment 5
（1）The mass percent of Fe, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mn, Si, Mo, Nb, C, monocrystalline sapphire whisker and lubricant
For：Fe: 35 , Cr: 12 , Ni: 4 ,Cu: 3 , Mn: 0.3 , Si: 0.3 , Mo: 0.2, Nb :0.15 ,
C:0.05, monocrystalline sapphire whisker：30, methacrylate：15 .
（2）In weighing mixed-powder 1000g and add anhydrous 6250ml ethanol according to above-mentioned formula ratio, stir with speed
550r/min stirs 6 h.
（3）To above-mentioned mixed liquor in ultrasonically treated 10 ~ 30min.
（4）By the uniform compound of dispersion mixing on vacuum filtration machine suction filtration.
（5）By suction filtration gained mixed-powder drying 4 ~ 6 h dry for standby in 70 DEG C of drying box.
（6）Mixed-powder is placed in argon protective device, the high-purity argon gas of certain flow are passed through in advance, made in device chamber
Oxygen content is less than 40 μ L/ L.
（7）Operation program, by laser automatic powder feeding device, mixed-powder is ejected into the molten bath of laser beam generation, shape
Into the laser cladding layer that stainless steel and monocrystalline sapphire whisker are combined, realize successively melting by each layer of nc program
Cover, finally give the three-dimensional stainless steel component of required shape.
Three-dimensional stainless steel component prepared by embodiment 1-5 is carried out into measuring mechanical property respectively, test result is as follows：
The mechanical performance of subordinate list case study on implementation metal-base composites 3D printing part
| Tensile strength (MPa) | Young's modulus (GPa) | Elongation at break（%） | Hardness（HRC） | |
| Embodiment 1 | 1100 | 160 | 29 | 30 |
| Embodiment 2 | 1189 | 190 | 32 | 32 |
| Embodiment 3 | 1320 | 198 | 35 | 35 |
| Embodiment 4 | 1247 | 189 | 33 | 34 |
| Embodiment 5 | 1216 | 182 | 32 | 33 |
Shown by data above, 3D printing part prepared by the present invention equal energy in terms of tensile strength, hardness and elongation at break
The standard of production application is reached, and is prepared by 3D printing, improve machining accuracy and production efficiency, reduce production cost,
So the present invention prepare 3D printing with metal-base composites compared with prior art, have obvious advantage.
General principle of the invention, principal character and advantages of the present invention has been shown and described above.The technology of the industry
Personnel it should be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, simply explanation described in above-described embodiment and specification this
The principle of invention, various changes and modifications of the present invention are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, these changes
Change and improvement all fall within the protetion scope of the claimed invention.The claimed scope of the invention by appending claims and its
Equivalent is defined.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of 3D printing metal-base composites, it is characterised in that：Including following component by weight：
Iron powder 30-80 weight portions
Auxiliary powder 10-30 weight portions
The weight portion of monocrystalline sapphire whisker 1 ~ 30
The weight portion of lubricant 5 ~ 15；
The auxiliary powder is the mixture of Cr, Ni, Cu, Mn, Si, Mo, Nb and C powder.
2. 3D printing metal-base composites according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Each component parts by weight are such as
Under：
Iron powder 35-75 weight portions
The auxiliary weight portion of powder 20
The weight portion of monocrystalline sapphire whisker 1 ~ 30
The weight portion of lubricant 5 ~ 15.
3. 3D printing metal-base composites according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：Cr in the auxiliary powder,
Ni, Cu, Mn, Si, Mo, Nb and C weight fraction is：Cr 12；Ni 4；Cu 3；Mn 0.3；Si 0.3；Mo 0.2；Nb
0.15；C 0.05.
4. 3D printing metal-base composites according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The monocrystalline sapphire whisker
It is 0.1 ~ 1 μm of diameter, length is 5 ~ 20 μm, and density is 4g/cm3, purity（wt%）It is the monocrystalline sapphire whisker of 90-99.9%.
5. 3D printing metal-base composites according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The lubricant be paraffin or
Methacrylate is at least one.
6. a kind of preparation method of 3D printing metal-base composites, it is characterised in that：（1）By Fe, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mn
, during Si, Mo, Nb and C powder monocrystalline sapphire whisker and lubricant add dispersant according to formula ratio, stir 6 ~ 18 h；
（2）To above-mentioned mixed liquor in ultrasonically treated 10 ~ 30min；
（3）By the uniform compound of dispersion mixing on vacuum filtration machine suction filtration；
（4）By suction filtration gained mixed-powder drying 4 ~ 6 h dry for standby in 60 DEG C ~ 80 DEG C of drying box；
（5）Mixed-powder is placed in argon protective device, the high-purity argon gas of certain flow are passed through in advance, made oxygen-containing in device chamber
Amount is less than 40 μ L/ L；Obtained mixed-powder is 3D printing metal-base composites；
（6）Operation program, by laser automatic powder feeding device, mixed-powder is ejected into the molten bath of laser beam generation, is formed not
The laser cladding layer that rust steel and monocrystalline sapphire whisker are combined, realizes successively cladding, most by each layer of nc program
The three-dimensional stainless steel component of required shape is obtained eventually.
7. the preparation method of 3D printing metal-base composites according to claim 6, disperses described in the step a
Agent is deionized water or absolute ethyl alcohol, and the volume ratio of each powder, monocrystalline sapphire whisker and lubricant and dispersant is 1：1
~ 10, the mixing speed is 350 ~ 550r/min.
8. the preparation method of 3D printing metal-base composites according to claim 6, the high-purity argon gas flow is 4
~ 40L/min purity >=99.99%.
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