CN106734799A - A kind of forging method of bullet train axle box - Google Patents
A kind of forging method of bullet train axle box Download PDFInfo
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- CN106734799A CN106734799A CN201611121957.7A CN201611121957A CN106734799A CN 106734799 A CN106734799 A CN 106734799A CN 201611121957 A CN201611121957 A CN 201611121957A CN 106734799 A CN106734799 A CN 106734799A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/02—Die forging; Trimming by making use of special dies ; Punching during forging
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J13/00—Details of machines for forging, pressing, or hammering
- B21J13/02—Dies or mountings therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K1/00—Making machine elements
- B21K1/26—Making machine elements housings or supporting parts, e.g. axle housings, engine mountings
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K7/00—Making railway appurtenances; Making vehicle parts
- B21K7/12—Making railway appurtenances; Making vehicle parts parts for locomotives or vehicles, e.g. frames, underframes
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of forging method of bullet train axle box, comprise the following steps：1) blank blanking, the blank is cylindrical press bar, and the blank of preseting length is obtained through sawing；2) jumping-up is laterally flattened, the blank is carried out laterally to flatten jumping-up, obtain prefabricated blank；3) prefabricated blank is extruded, pre- forging is obtained, the pre- forging includes the end corresponding with the shape of axle box, middle part and bar portion successively along its length, and prefabricated component volume distributed median along its length matches with the volume distributed median of axle box；4) whole forging forming, pre- forging is positioned in finish-forging die carries out finish-forging, obtains finish-forging part.The volume distributed median of pre- forging is coincide well with the volume distributed median of finish-forging part, and pre- forging forming uses extrusion process, does not produce overlap, pre- forging positioning stablity in finish-forging die cavity to ensure that finish-forging part well shapes.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of new technique for forging and its mould structure of bullet train aluminum alloy axle box body, more particularly to one
Plant the performing member shape designing method and its mould structure of big, the complex-shaped axle box forging of volume distributed median difference.
Background technology
Bullet train refers to railroad train of the speed of service more than 200km/h, and it occupies act foot in Modern Traffic transport
The status of weight, has the advantages that handling capacity of passengers is high, conveying capacity is big, speed is fast, energy consumption is low and safety and environmental protection.From generation in 1964
Since upper first high-speed railway in boundary builds up, high-speed railway steps into rapidly people and lives and as an irreplaceable part.For
Realize the lightweight of bullet train, at present generally using intensity is high, low density aluminium alloy as high-speed train structure material
Material.
The high speed of bullet train proposes requirements at the higher level to body construction lightweight.At present except high-speed train body is adopted
With outside aluminium alloy extrusions, axle box and wheel casing in bullet train transmission device are also adopted by aluminium alloy castings, and constantly simplify
Its structure.The axle box of bullet train is the conversion joint of important load bearing component in train bogie and forms of motion.In row
In car operation, vertical force, longitudinal force and cross force will be by axle box structures, therefore the load situation of axle box is complicated, its
The safe operation of structure and stability to train plays an important roll.Al- being used the aluminum alloy axle box body of bullet train more
The aluminium alloy of Cu systems 7050, the aluminum alloy materials mechanical property is good, but its casting technique is relatively poor, the pole during cast form
Shrinkage cavity and porosity and fire check are also easy to produce, safe operation and the service life of train is influenceed.Compared with casting, aluminum alloy axle box body
Forging internal flaw is few, and complete forging flow lines can also be kept under reasonable working condition, is remarkably improved axle box
Combination property and service life.But bullet train axle box forging is complex-shaped, its basic structure and geometric properties such as Fig. 1 institutes
Show, forging volume distributed median difference is big along its length, the cross section of bar portion 7 is deep H-shaped gusset, and muscle portion height is big, and wall thickness is smaller,
The maximal projection interface of whole forging also not in same level, how reasonable design performing member, reach along total length
Direction capacity distribution is reasonable, it is ensured that finish-forging part forging flow lines rationally, is completely filled with die cavity and unfolded defect, is bullet train axle
The main technique problem faced in casing forging forming.
Hou Lei, trip and it is clear etc.《Cold and hot technique》An entitled " aluminum alloy axle box body forging has been delivered on (the 6th phase in 2013)
Cause type numerical simulation and experimental study " paper, numerical simulation study has been carried out to axle box forging and molding process, its technique
It is to use cylinder blank, direct forging and molding axle box forging mainly have studied Forging Equipment Speed, temperature and coefficient of friction
To the affecting laws of axle box forging and molding, but it is not directed to the design of performing member shape, mould structure and its specifically forges work
Skill flow.
Ren Xuechong, Zhang Lixin etc. once Procedia Engineering (2012 volume 27) delivered one it is entitled
The paper of " bullet train is stretched and fatigue behaviour research with 7050 aluminum alloy axle box bodies ", using ingot casting-extrusion blooming-freedom
The technological process of forging-die forging, shapes bullet train aluminum alloy axle box body forging, and selective analysis aluminum alloy axle box body is along metal
Streamline reasonable layout in stretching and fatigue behaviour and holding aluminum alloy axle box body forging in grain direction and non-grain direction
Importance, but this article be not yet given ensure die forging axle box forging flow lines reasonable layout concrete technology method and measure,
It is not directed to the method for designing of the forging shape, mould structure and performing member shape of each forming process.
Southwest Aluminum (Group) Co., Ltd. disclosed a kind of a kind of entitled " rail vehicle truck axle in 2014
Casing forging technology " (publication number：CN 103643183A) patented technology.The invention provides a kind of rail vehicle truck
Cylindrical ingot blank is forged into rectangular-shape blank by axle box forging technology, the technique by the mould, then by rectangular-shape
Blank carries out precompressed and final pressure, forms axle box.The aluminum alloy axle box body forging obtained by the method has tension higher
Intensity, yield strength and elongation percentage, disclosure satisfy that the mechanical property requirements of high ferro bogie axle casing.But not yet it is related to axle box
The related process methods such as the capacity distribution of the pre- forging process of forging, pre- forging shape, mould structure and forging flow lines distribution.
The content of the invention
For above-mentioned problems of the prior art, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of forging of bullet train axle box
Make method.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical scheme is that：
A kind of forging method of bullet train axle box, comprises the following steps：
(1) blank blanking, the blank is cylindrical press bar, through sawing, the blank of length needed for obtaining；
(2) laterally flatten, the blank is carried out laterally to flatten jumping-up, obtain prefabricated blank；
(3) prefabricated blank is extruded, pre- forging is obtained, the pre- forging shape includes being forged with axle box along its length successively
The corresponding end of part shape, middle part and bar portion, and pre- forging volume distributed median along its length and axle box volume distributed median
Match；
(4) whole forging forming, pre- forging is positioned in finish-forging die carries out finish-forging, obtains finish-forging part.
The wide material sources of cylindrical press bar, blank can be obtained through sawing machine blanking.By laterally flattening jumping-up operation
The prefabricated blank of acquisition, it is convenient to be put into extrusion die, pre- forging is obtained through extruding.Prefabricated blank is put into extrusion die for convenience
Have and ensure its positioning stablity in extrusion die, initial cylindrical blank first using upset forging process is laterally flattened should be clapped flat
To the height specified, prefabricated blank is obtained.
The pre- forging process of axle box is the key of whole forging process, and its basic demand is the volume distributed median for ensureing pre- forging
Volume distributed median with finish-forging part matches, therefore, according to the end 5 on axle box finish-forging part length direction, middle part 6 and bar portion 7
(Fig. 1), end 5 ', middle part 6 ' and the bar portion 7 ' (Fig. 2 III), blocking that pre- forging shape is also designed to go up along its length
The volume distributed median of part each several part is basically identical with the volume distributed median of hot forging each several part.For finish-forging part, the length direction is
Refer to from end 5 to middle part 6 again to the direction of bar portion 7；For pre- forging, the length direction refer to from end 5 ' to middle part 6 ' again
To the direction of bar portion 7 '.
The volume distributed median of above-mentioned pre- forging each several part is consistent with the volume distributed median of finish-forging part each several part, in finish-forging die die cavity
In pre- forging material volume be reasonably distributed, the material at each position can each die cavity full of finish-forging die nearby, material can be reduced
The flow distance of material, it can be ensured that especially muscle portion filling is full for finish-forging part, non-draining and fold defect.
The volume distributed median that above-mentioned pre- forging (Fig. 2 III) is gone up along its length differs greatly, and pre- forging end 5 ', middle part 6 '
With bar portion 7 ' also not in the same horizontal line, forging technology is it is difficult with through once forging the pre- forging shape required by obtaining,
Also it is not easy the reasonability of guarantee forging flow lines.In view of involved pre- forging simple shape, without small feature structure, this patent
Technology use the once-forming pre- forging of forward extrusion technique, will step (2) obtain prefabricated blank it is axially placed in forward extrusion along its
The extrusion molding of pre- forging is carried out in mould, pre- forging is obtained.Pre- forging forming is carried out using fashion of extrusion, its geometry with
Dimensional accuracy easily ensures, streamline distribution rationally, and without waste of raw materials, with shaping is accurate, inside efficiency high and pre- forging
The characteristics of quality is good.
Preferably, the axial cross section size that prefabricated blank is obtained after step (2) flattening jumping-up is smaller than chamber size in extrusion die by 1
~2mm.It is easy to for prefabricated blank to insert extrusion die profile.
Preferably, the pre- forging described in step (3), its bar portion 7 ' is cylinder, in the transition of middle part 6 ' and bar portion 7 '
Area uses transition arc structure.
Due to axle box bar portion 7 have different depth of cavity " H " shape, so the bar portion of axle box be forged to finish-forging into
Shape process fills the more difficult part of type.When pre- forging bar portion 7 ' is for cylinder, it is easier to " H " full of axle box finish-forging part
Shape cavity portion, and the forging defect such as unfolded and misrun, meanwhile, in the middle part of pre- forging 6 ' and the transition region of bar portion 7 ' used
Arc structure is crossed, axle box finish-forging part can be avoided forging folds defect occur at middle part 6 and the transition region of bar portion 7.
It is further preferred that the transition region between the middle part 6 ' of the pre- forging and bar portion 7 ' uses larger knuckle,
Its arc radius is 110mm；The arc radius of knuckle are forged than axle box between the end 5 ' and middle part 6 ' of the pre- forging
Big 5~the 10mm of transition arc radius between part end 5 herein and middle part 6.In addition to above-mentioned arc radius, pre- forging end
5 ' use arc transition with other seamed edges in the region of middle part 6 ', and its arc radius is 7-8mm.Pre- forging does not exist wedge angle, can
Reduce the stress concentration phenomenon of extrusion die in pre- forging forming process.
It is further preferred that the pre- forging middle part 6 ' is shaped as approximate rectangular shape, it is allowed in finish-forging die type
Shaped in jumping-up mode substantially in chamber, middle part is perpendicular to two faces (left side at the pre- forging middle part 6 ' i.e. shown in Fig. 2 III of center line
Right two sides) pattern draft it is consistent with the pattern draft of finish-forging part, i.e., respectively 7 ° so that pre- forging is in finish impression
Positioning it is more accurate.
It is further preferred that former and later two surfaces and upper and lower two surfaces at pre- forging middle part 6 ' are both designed as straight wall.One
It is easy for making metal be easier the middle part depth chamber full of finish-forging die during finish-forging, postpones the time that overlap is formed；Two is to ensure to squeeze
The side wall of Extruding die is straight wall during pressing formation pre- forging, reduces extrusion load, and avoids producing extruding between punch-pin and cavity plate
Burr.
It is further preferred that the upper end of the pre- forging extrusion die shown in Fig. 3 does not set flow dividing structure, and extrusion die is recessed
Mould lower end has flow dividing structure, the bar portion length high 5-10mm of the height than pre- forging of this position concave die cavity.
During pre- forging is extruded, metal upper and lower two-way flow in extrusion die profile, one is metal to upstream
It is dynamic, the shape full of the end 5 ' for forming pre- forging, two is that metal flows downward, and into the bar portion die cavity of cavity plate, is shaped pre-
The shape of the bar portion 7 ' of forging.Because metal is flowed up, resistance is smaller, and metal is easy to the upper end die cavity full of extrusion die
With the shape of the end 5 ' for shaping pre- forging, and metal flows downward, resistance is larger, the lower end mold filling of extrusion die compared with
Slowly.The extrusion die of flow dividing structure and lower end setting flow dividing structure is not set using upper end, after pre- forging extrusion molding terminates, in advance
The bar portion of forging is not in contact with Extruding die bottom, still there is the material flowing space, for material deformation provides shunting well
Passage, can reduce extrusion load, improve Life of Die for Extruding Aluminium Alloy.
Preferably, the length 3-6mm shorter than the length of finish-forging die die cavity of the pre- forging for being obtained in step (3).
Material flowing law and positioning needs according to long-axis forging in forging process, the length of pre- forging should be smaller
In the impression length of finish-forging part, so, can facilitate and pre- forging is put into finish-forging die die cavity, and be conducive to the stability of positioning.
Preferably, in step (4), using the open die forging, impressing forging technique with overlap, pre- forging is inserted into axle box finisher
Tool impression, carries out the finish-forging shaping of axle box, obtains finish-forging part.
It is further preferred that the die joint of the middle part 6 of axle box finish-forging part and the position of bar portion 7 is located at its maximum projection plane
On, the die joint top surface disposed thereon of axial body finish-forging part end 5；In the transitional region at axle box finish-forging part end 5 and middle part 6
Die joint be along axle box finish-forging part end 5 and middle part 6 curve transition face expand form, and with the die joint of end 5
With the smooth linking of the die joint at middle part 6.
The die joint at above-mentioned each position constitutes step-like die joint, is adapted to complex-shaped in the application and along its length
The die joint of the larger axle box forging of depth of section drop is set.
Preferably, above-mentioned forging method also includes the forging aftertreatment technology step to the axle box forging obtained in step (4)
Suddenly.
According to above-mentioned forging method, can forging and molding go out axle box finish-forging part.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are：
1st, the volume distributed median of the volume distributed median of pre- forging and finish-forging part is coincide well, and pre- forging forming uses extrusion process,
Do not produce overlap；Pre- forging positioning stablity in finish-forging die cavity, can ensure that finish-forging part well shapes.The bar portion of pre- forging is cylinder
Shape, it is ensured that " H " the shape muscle portion filling of finish-forging part is full, unfolded and percolation defect, rationally, forging deformation is uniform for forging flow lines
Property is good；Because pre- forging has obtained rational volume distributed median, the stock utilization during finish-forging is higher.
2nd, pre- forging includes end, middle part and bar portion, and corresponding position of its volume distributed median respectively with finish-forging part matches, shape
Shape is simple, but capacity distribution is rationally, does not have the difficult shaped structure of small geometric properties, and pre- forging length is omited than finish impression length
Short, two pattern drafts of side in pre- forging middle part are identical with finish-forging part, are conducive to stabilization of the pre- forging in finish impression to determine
Position.
3rd, the die joint of axle box finish-forging part is step die joint, is substantially at the maximum horizontal perspective plane of finish-forging part
On, good finish impression filling, overlap control and depanning can be realized.
4th, pre- forging forming uses forward extrusion technique, and compared with traditional blocking, the three-dimensional compressive stress of extrusion process is conducive to
Material internal defect forging is closed, and material internal fiber is reasonably distributed, and does not produce overlap, is conducive to improving stock utilization.Pre- forging
Bar portion do not contacted with Extruding die bottom, leave split channel of certain flowing space as deformable material, reduce extruding and carry
Lotus and raising die life.
Brief description of the drawings
In Fig. 1, (a) show the basic structure and geometric properties profile diagram of axle box finish-forging part, and A, B face are in finish-forging part
Two sides in portion；B () is the structural representation in the first section of finish-forging part bar portion；C () is the structural representation in its second section
Figure；D () is the structural representation in its 3rd section.
Fig. 2 is the forging technology schematic flow sheet of axle box forging, in figure, I-original blank；II-preform；III-pre-
Forging；IV-finish-forging the part with overlap.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of pre- forging extrusion die.
In figure, the sections of 1- first；The sections of 2- second；The sections of 3- the 3rd；4- die joints；5- axle box forging end；5 '-pre-
Forging end；6- axle boxes forging middle part；6 '-pre- forging middle part；7- axle box forging bar portions；7 '-pre- forging bar portion；8- moulds
Handle；9- upper die plates；10- guide pin bushings；11- punch retainers；12- guide pillars；13- cavity plate compacting rings；14- cavity plate backing plates；Mould under 15-
Plate；16- push rods；17- soket head cap screws；18- cavity plates；19- soket head cap screws；The pre- forging of 20-；21- flattens the prefabricated blank of jumping-up；
22- punch-pin；23- soket head cap screws.
Specific embodiment
The invention will be described further with specific embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
It is as shown in Figure 1 the main geometric properties profile diagram of bullet train axle box forging, axle box forging is divided into axle box
Body forging end 5, axle box forging middle part 6 and axle box forging bar portion 7 constitute (abbreviation end 5, middle part 6 and bar portion 7), its material
Expect to be 7050 high strength alumin ium alloys, axle box hot forging (containing overlap), cumulative volume was about 3.404 × 107mm3, volume shared by middle part 6 is most
Greatly, about 2.5515 × 107mm3, the volume of bar portion 7 is 6.749 × 106mm3, and the volume of end 5 be only 1.736 ×
106mm3, it is seen that each several part volume differences are very big, additionally, the largest contours line of end 5 and middle part 6 and bar portion 7 is not also in same level
On line, if determining die joint according to largest contours line, die joint is step-like die joint, and the section of bar portion 7 is H-shaped,
From right to left, the muscle portion height in H-shaped section gradually increases, and muscle portion maximum aspect ratio is up to 4.3.It can be seen that, it is difficult to using simple former
The direct forging and molding of beginning bar, therefore, the shape design of preform operation and each operation just turns into forging technology design
Key link.
Axle box forging sectional area figure along its length is drawn first, according to sectional area distribution along its length, will be pre-
Forging is designed to be distributed essentially identical shape with hot forging sectional area, and pre- forging is also classified into pre- forging end 5 ', pre- forging
Portion 6 ' and 7 ' three parts (being briefly referred to as end 5 ', middle part 6 ', bar portion 7 ') of pre- forging bar portion, each several part volume substantially with heat
Forging each several part volume distributed median is consistent, obtains the pre- forging shape as shown in Fig. 2 III, and the pre- forging shape preferably uses forward extrusion
Process forming.The length of pre- forging is slightly less than the impression length of finish-forging part, and pre- forging bar portion section is circular cross-section, and its is a diameter of
150mm, circular cross-section is easier the H-shaped die cavity full of axle box forging bar portion, and is not likely to produce fold defect.Pre- forging middle part
Shape is designed to approximate rectangular shape, is allowed in finish-forging die die cavity substantially be in that jumping-up mode shapes, two sides of pre- forging
Face has 7 ° of pattern draft.To make metal be easier full of the die cavity in the middle part of finish-forging part, postpone the time that overlap is produced, reduce
Extrusion load and the pre- forging depanning for being easy to extruding during pre- forging extrusion molding, former and later two surfaces of pre- forging are designed as directly
Wall.There is forging folds defect at middle part and bar portion transition region to avoid axle box finish-forging part, pre- forging is in middle part and bar portion mistake
Area is crossed using larger knuckle, knuckle is 110mm.Additionally, the seamed edge of the middle part of pre- forging and end regions use compared with
Rouno Cormer Pregrinding Wheel transition, is 7-8mm.
For the pre- forging shape of present invention design, the present invention uses the pre- forging of forward extrusion process forming, its extrusion die
Structure is as shown in Figure 3.Including die shank 8, upper die plate 9, guide pin bushing 10, punch retainer 11, guide pillar 12, cavity plate compacting ring 13, cavity plate
Backing plate 14, lower template 15, push rod 16, soket head cap screw 17, cavity plate 18, soket head cap screw 19, pre- forging 20, after flattening jumping-up
Prefabricated blank 21, punch-pin 22, soket head cap screw 23.
Pre- forging extrusion die operation principle of the present invention is：Prefabricated blank 21 is placed in forward extruding die after jumping-up is flattened
When in tool die cavity, die shank 8 is connected with hot die forging press sliding block, and sliding block is moved down, and drives die shank 8 and the upper die plate being attached thereto
9 move down.The punch-pin 22 being fixed together with upper die plate 9 by punch retainer 11 is moved down, promote prefabricated blank 21 to
Lower movement, by the cavity plate 18 of extrusion die, the shape required for being formed；It is easy to full of upper end die cavity in view of metal, and
Lower end bar portion extrusion pressing type chamber is then more difficult to be full of, thus the pre- forging extrusion die upper end that the present invention is designed is without split channel, lower end
With split channel, the foot passage height of cavity plate 18 than the pre- big 5-10mm of forging bar portion axial length, when pre- forging is squeezed into
At the end of shape, the bar portion end face of pre- forging is not in contact with die end, still there is the material flowing space, for material deformation is provided
Split channel, can reduce extrusion load.In addition, the seamed edge transition arc radius of pre- forging shape are designed as 7-8mm, it is corresponding to squeeze
The arc transition radius of compression mould is also 7-8mm, in the absence of wedge angle, can reduce the stress concentration of extrusion die.
Pre- forging and its extrusion process and mould structure based on above-mentioned design, the pre- forging extruding base that the present invention is used
Expect to be original bar through the prefabricated blank after simple flattening jumping-up.Original bar diameter selection is 368mm, according to axle box forging body
Product calculates original bar length for 320mm, and original bar is as shown in I in Fig. 2.Original bar is lain on flat anvil, is entered
Jumping-up is flattened in the simple side of row, flattens to height 222mm, obtains overall size length, width and height and is about 462mm, 396mm, 222mm
Preform, preform is put into pre- forging extrusion die profile vertically, carries out the extrusion molding of pre- forging.
Axle box finish-forging technique is the contour forging technique on band point side, and finish-forging die cavity shape sets according to its hot finish-forging part shape
Meter, die joint is arranged at the maximum projection plane of axle box forging, and as shown in Fig. 14, die joint is step-like, axle box
Die joint at the middle part of finish-forging part and bar portion is arranged at the maximum projection plane of centre, and the die joint of end is arranged on end
Top largest contours at, end is smoothly transitted by two-part die joint with middle part transition region and is connected.
In sum, the basic forging process of bullet train axle box forging is：Sawing machine blanking, horizontal jumping-up are flattened and obtained
Prefabricated blank, extrusion molding obtain pre- forging, finish-forging, as shown in Figure 2.
The present embodiment forging and molding process is：
Step (1)：Using the cylindrical press bar of a diameter of 368mm, through sawing, the base of length needed for obtaining
Material, blank diameter is 368mm, and charge length is 320mm, and stock volume is 3.404 × 107mm3。
Step (2)：By blank heating to forging temperature is required, the blank after heating is placed horizontally on flat anvil, carried out
Jumping-up is freely flattened, its drafts is 146mm, obtains the preform of the shape as shown in II in Fig. 2.
Step (3)：Preform is put into forward extrusion mould vertically, the shape as shown in III in Fig. 2 is obtained by extruding
The pre- forging of shape, the size at preform middle part 6 ' is 262.9 × 226 × 400mm, a diameter of 150mm of bar portion 7 ', middle part
Knuckle between 6 ' and bar portion 7 ' is 110mm, and the height of end 5 ' is 75mm, than forging in height 10mm high herein,
Phenomenon is not fully filled to avoid the Rouno Cormer Pregrinding Wheel transition portion during finish-forging between pre- forging end and middle part from producing, pre- forging is at this
Partial knuckle radius should 5~10mm bigger than forging.
Step (4)：Pre- forging is inserted in finish-forging die die cavity, finish-forging shaping is carried out, pre- two, middle part of forging side
Pattern draft is consistent with finish-forging part pattern draft, so, when pre- forging is put into finish-forging die cavity, can easily with finish-forging die cavity
Interior corresponding surface produces face contact, makes initial alignment of the pre- forging in finish-forging die die cavity accurate, stable and simple.Finish-forging
Former selects 1.25 ten thousand tons of hot die forging press, and forged shaping obtains axle box finish-forging part.
Step (5)：After finish-forging terminates, forging is taken out, then carry out corresponding forging post processing.
The original cylinder blank is not limited to cylinder through flattening the preform as pre- forging extruding for obtaining
Shape blank is flattened, and may also comprise the cuboid blank that meets extrusion billet physical dimension or that cuboid blank jumping-up is obtained is pre-
Steps of manufacturing blanks.
Although above-mentioned be described with reference to accompanying drawing to specific embodiment of the invention, not to invention protection domain
Limitation, one of ordinary skill in the art should be understood that on the basis of technical scheme those skilled in the art are not required to
The various modifications or deformation made by paying creative work are still within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of forging method of bullet train axle box, comprises the following steps：
1) blank blanking, the blank is cylindrical press bar, through sawing, obtains the blank of preseting length；
2) jumping-up is laterally flattened, the blank is carried out laterally to flatten jumping-up, obtain preform；
3) preform is extruded, pre- forging is obtained, the pre- forging includes the shape with axle box forging successively along its length
Corresponding end, middle part and bar portion, and pre- forging volume distributed median along its length matches with the volume distributed median of axle box；
4) whole forging forming, pre- forging is positioned in finish-forging die carries out finish-forging, obtains finish-forging part.
2. forging method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The axial cross section chi of prefabricated blank is obtained after flattening jumping-up
Very little 1~2mm smaller than chamber size in extrusion die.
3. forging method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step 3) in, the bar portion for cylinder, middle part and
The transition region at the transition region of bar portion and end and middle part uses transition arc structure.
4. forging method according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：The transition arc of the middle part and bar portion transition region half
Footpath is 110mm, between end and middle part arc radius of the transition arc radius of transition region than axle box forging herein it is big by 5~
10mm。
5. forging method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The middle part of the pre- forging perpendicular to center line
Two pattern drafts of side are consistent with the pattern draft of finish-forging part；Former and later two surfaces and upper and lower two tables in the middle part of pre- forging
Face is both designed as straight wall.
6. forging method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step 3) in the length of pre- forging that obtains compare finish-forging
The short 3-6mm of length of mold cavity.
7. forging method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step 4) in, pre- forging is used with overlap
Open die forging, impressing forging technique carries out the finish-forging shaping of axle box.
8. forging method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step 4) in, in the middle part of axle box forging and bar portion position
The die joint put is located in its maximum projection plane, the die joint top surface disposed thereon of axial body forging end；Axle box forging end
Die joint in the transitional region at portion and middle part is to expand to form along the curve transition face at axle box forging end and middle part, end
It is smooth with the die joint at middle part to be connected.
9. forging method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step 3) in, the die cavity of the extrusion die it is upper
End is without split channel, and lower end has split channel, and the height of the cylindrical shape die cavity of its cavity plate bottom is more long than the axial direction of pre- forging
Spend big 5-10mm.
10. the axle box that any forging methods of claim 1-9 are prepared.
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| CN201611121957.7A CN106734799B (en) | 2016-12-08 | 2016-12-08 | A kind of forging method of bullet train axle box |
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