CN110629137A - Novel continuous forging extrusion processing method for improving comprehensive performance of wrought aluminum alloy - Google Patents
Novel continuous forging extrusion processing method for improving comprehensive performance of wrought aluminum alloy Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
- C22C21/08—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent with silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/043—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with silicon as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/047—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with magnesium as the next major constituent
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Abstract
The invention discloses a new continuous forging extrusion processing method for improving comprehensive performance of wrought aluminum alloy, which is suitable for aluminum alloy materials, and is used for extruding an aluminum alloy blank by adopting a conventional extrusion deformation process, wherein the sectional area of the blank is smaller than that of an extrusion barrel, in the deformation process, the aluminum alloy blank is firstly subjected to upsetting deformation (namely forging) and then subjected to hot extrusion deformation, so that continuous forging extrusion is realized, the strain accumulated twice is obtained, the accumulated deformation degree of the blank is improved, the recrystallization nucleation rate is increased, crystal grains are effectively refined, and the crystal grains can be refined to a plurality of micrometers or submicron levels, thereby improving the final comprehensive mechanical performance of the material. The method has the advantages of simple process, strong operability, wide application range, suitability for large-scale industrial production, and good application prospect and economic benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a processing method of wrought aluminum alloy, in particular to a novel continuous forging extrusion processing method for improving the comprehensive performance of the wrought aluminum alloy, and belongs to the technical field of light alloy processing.
Background
The aluminum alloy has low density and high specific strength, and can be widely applied to the fields of transportation, aerospace and national defense and military industry. However, most aluminum alloys still have low absolute strength and asymmetric tensile and compressive yield, and these disadvantages greatly hinder further industrial application of the aluminum alloys, so that improvement of mechanical properties of the aluminum alloys is a problem to be solved urgently in practical application.
The strengthening means such as solid solution strengthening, second phase strengthening, work hardening, etc. of the metal material can significantly improve the absolute strength, but generally further deteriorates the plasticity. Grain refinement is widely considered as a method capable of simultaneously improving the strength and plasticity of the material, namely, improving the comprehensive mechanical property, and particularly, when the grain size reaches several micrometers, the strength and plasticity of the material are greatly improved, and meanwhile, the tension-compression asymmetry can be obviously improved. At present, the method for refining metal material grains at home and abroad mainly adopts a severe deformation method and mainly comprises equal-channel extrusion, multidirectional forging, cumulative lap rolling, high-pressure torsion and the like. The method can refine the grain size of the aluminum alloy material to an ultrafine grain size, but the material prepared by the method has relatively small size, more processing passes and higher equipment requirement, and the cost for preparing the fine-grained aluminum alloy material is very high, so that the method is not beneficial to the industrialized production of large-batch and large-size structural parts. Therefore, the research and development of the preparation method of the wrought aluminum alloy with low cost, simple process, low equipment requirement and high comprehensive performance is of great significance.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a novel continuous forging and extrusion processing method for improving the comprehensive performance of wrought aluminum alloy, and solves the problems of complex process, high cost, high equipment requirement, unsuitability for large-size structural parts and poor comprehensive performance of the conventional preparation method.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme that a novel continuous forging extrusion processing method for improving the comprehensive performance of the wrought aluminum alloy extrudes an aluminum alloy blank by using a conventional extrusion deformation process, the aluminum alloy blank is firstly forged to generate upsetting deformation and then extruded and deformed in the deformation process to realize twice strain and obviously refine grains of the wrought aluminum alloy, and the ratio of the cross sectional area of an inner cavity of an extrusion cylinder to the cross sectional area of the aluminum alloy blank is 5 ~ 1.2.2: 1.
Therefore, if the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the inner cavity of the extrusion container to the cross-sectional area of the aluminum alloy blank is too large in the operation process, the unstable deformation of the blank is damaged during extrusion, and the deformed section cannot be successfully prepared; if the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the inner cavity of the extrusion container to the cross-sectional area of the aluminum alloy blank is too small, the strain quantity of the blank in one deformation is small, and the corresponding effect cannot be achieved.
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
1) machining, namely machining an aluminum alloy ingot (blank) to a specified size according to the size of the extrusion container, wherein the aluminum alloy ingot is machined to the specified size, and the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the inner cavity of the extrusion container to the cross-sectional area of the aluminum alloy blank is 5 ~ 1.2.2: 1;
2) and (2) continuous hot forging extrusion, namely preheating the aluminum alloy cast ingot obtained in the step 1) at ~ 550 ℃ for 1 ~ 6h, putting the aluminum alloy cast ingot into an extrusion cylinder, then carrying out hot forging at ~ 550 ℃ at 150 ℃, forging the aluminum alloy cast ingot in the extrusion cylinder to the size of the extrusion cylinder by using an extruder, then continuously carrying out hot extrusion at ~ 550 ℃ at 150 ℃, cooling the extruded section to room temperature by air, and effectively refining the crystal grains of the aluminum alloy to obtain the wrought aluminum alloy with improved comprehensive properties.
Further, the cross section of the processed aluminum alloy ingot is circular.
Further, the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the inner cavity of the extrusion cylinder to the cross-sectional area of the obtained extruded profile in the hot extrusion process is 2:1 ~ 100: 1.
Further, the extrusion speed during the hot forging and hot extrusion was 0.1 ~ 20.0.0 m/min.
The processing method realizes forging processing and continuous extrusion processing in the extrusion cylinder because the diameter of the extrusion ingot blank is smaller than that of the extrusion cylinder, and the method can obtain a deformed aluminum alloy structure with the grain refined to a plurality of microns or submicron levels.
The mechanism of the invention is as follows: the aluminum alloy blank is limited by the cushion block, the die and the extrusion container in the extrusion container, and because the cross sectional area of the blank is smaller than that of the inner cavity of the extrusion container, the blank is not extruded by the extrusion container or is subjected to smaller extrusion force along the radial direction of the extrusion container at the initial stage of extrusion, but is upset mainly under the extrusion pressure from the cushion block along the axial direction of the extrusion container, the size of the blank is changed, the extrusion container is filled with the blank, and the first-time deformation similar to forging is completed; and then the upset blank is subjected to the common acting force along the radial direction and the axial direction of the extrusion container through the extrusion die to complete the second extrusion deformation, so that the continuous forging extrusion is realized. In the deformation process, more twins and shear bands are formed in the first deformation, and recrystallization can occur to a certain extent in the deformation process, after the first deformation is completed, the dynamic recrystallization is equivalent to the dynamic recrystallization, and meanwhile, a large number of nucleation points are provided for the dynamic recrystallization in the subsequent extrusion process, so that the subsequent recrystallization behavior is promoted to further occur; during the second extrusion deformation, a large number of recrystallization nucleation points are already arranged in the forged blank, so that a relatively complete recrystallization behavior can be generated during the extrusion deformation, meanwhile, part of fine recrystallization grains which are already arranged in the forged structure can coordinate and deform in the extrusion process, and the extrusion deformation resistance is reduced, so that the extrusion can be smoothly carried out. Therefore, compared with the conventional extrusion deformation, the alloy material prepared by continuous forging extrusion has highly uniform microstructure and excellent comprehensive mechanical property.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the wrought aluminum alloy prepared by the invention firstly carries out one-time forging upsetting deformation on an extrusion blank at a certain temperature in the deformation process, and then carries out extrusion deformation, thereby realizing continuous forging extrusion, obtaining the strain accumulated twice, improving the accumulated deformation degree of the aluminum alloy blank, effectively refining crystal grains, and refining the size of the crystal grains to a plurality of microns or submicron level, thereby improving the comprehensive mechanical property of the final aluminum alloy.
2. The preparation method is based on the existing extrusion equipment, does not change the existing processing mode, does not need to change or redesign the extrusion equipment, only needs to change the size of the cross section of the aluminum alloy blank and control the ratio of the inner cavity of the extrusion cylinder to the cross section of the aluminum alloy blank, can achieve the continuous forging extrusion deformation, realizes the purpose of large strain deformation, and enables the deformed aluminum alloy grains to be refined or even ultra-refined, thereby improving the comprehensive performance and the structural uniformity of the aluminum alloy, greatly reducing the cost for preparing the fine-grained aluminum alloy, and being suitable for processing large-size aluminum alloy components. The method has the advantages of simple process, strong operability, wide application range, suitability for large-scale industrial production, and good application prospect and economic benefit.
3. In the existing common extrusion process, incomplete recrystallization behavior is easy to occur during low-temperature deformation, and crystal grains are very easy to grow up during high-temperature deformation, so that the problem of uneven structure is caused. The method can form more twin crystals and shear bands during low-temperature deformation through two times of deformation of continuous forging and extrusion, provide recrystallization nucleation points, promote recrystallization and improve the recrystallization degree; when the aluminum alloy is deformed at high temperature, higher-degree recrystallization is generated through two-stage deformation, more energy is consumed, namely, the driving force for growing the crystal grains is reduced, so that the subsequent crystal grains are not easy to grow, the high-temperature and low-temperature aluminum alloy has good effect of refining the crystal grains, and the ultrafine-grained aluminum alloy variable profile with uniform tissue is easy to form. Therefore, the method has good effect of refining the grain structure at high temperature or low temperature deformation.
Examples
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
Example 1
The aluminum alloy ingot used in the present example was a commercial cast 6063 aluminum alloy, and the components were, in mass%, 0.5% Mg, 0.2% Si, and the balance aluminum and unavoidable impurities.
Processing 6063 aluminum alloy into a cylindrical ingot with the diameter of phi 50 mm, preheating the aluminum alloy ingot for 1.5h at 450 ℃, putting the preheated ingot into a container with the inner cavity diameter of phi 80mm, wherein the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the inner cavity of the container to the cross-sectional area of the aluminum alloy ingot is 2.5:1, then performing hot forging at 450 ℃, forging the aluminum alloy ingot in the container to the size of the container by using an extruder, then continuously performing hot extrusion at 480 ℃, wherein the extrusion ratio is 10:1, the extrusion speed is 1 m/min, and cooling the extruded section to room temperature by air to obtain the wrought aluminum alloy with improved comprehensive performance.
The mechanical property test and microstructure observation of the prepared wrought aluminum alloy are carried out by using tensile and compression tests and a metallographic microscope, and the results show that the average grain size of the alloy is thinned to 0.6 mu m, the tensile strength is 341MPa, the yield strength is 306 MPa, and the elongation is 9%.
Example 2
The aluminum alloy ingot used in the present example was a commercial cast 6063 aluminum alloy, and the components were, in mass%, 0.6% Mg, 0.3% Si, and the balance aluminum and unavoidable impurities.
Processing 6063 aluminum alloy into a cylindrical ingot with the diameter of phi 60 mm, preheating the aluminum alloy ingot for 1.5 hours at 480 ℃, putting the preheated ingot into a container with the inner cavity diameter of phi 80mm, enabling the ratio of the cross sectional area of the inner cavity of the container to the cross sectional area of the aluminum alloy ingot to be 1.8:1, then performing hot forging at 480 ℃, forging the aluminum alloy ingot in the container to the size of the container by using an extruder, then continuously performing hot extrusion at 490 ℃, enabling the extrusion ratio to be 20:1 and the extrusion speed to be 2m/min, and performing air cooling on the extruded section to room temperature to obtain the wrought aluminum alloy with improved comprehensive performance.
The mechanical property test and microstructure observation of the prepared wrought aluminum alloy are carried out by using tensile and compression tests and a metallographic microscope, and the results show that the average grain size of the alloy is thinned to 0.9 mu m, the tensile strength is 326 MPa, the yield strength is 276 MPa, and the elongation is 9.4%.
Example 3
The aluminum alloy ingot used in the present example was a commercial cast 6063 aluminum alloy, and the components were, in mass%, 0.7% Mg, 0.4% Si, and the balance aluminum and unavoidable impurities.
Processing 6063 aluminum alloy into a cylindrical ingot with the diameter of phi 70 mm, preheating the aluminum alloy ingot for 1.5 hours at 450 ℃, putting the preheated ingot into a container with the inner cavity diameter of phi 80mm, wherein the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the inner cavity of the container to the cross-sectional area of the aluminum alloy ingot is 1.3:1, then performing hot forging at 450 ℃, forging the aluminum alloy ingot in the container to the size of the container by using an extruder, then continuously performing hot extrusion at 480 ℃, wherein the extrusion ratio is 22:1, the extrusion speed is 5m/min, and cooling the extruded section to room temperature by air to obtain the wrought aluminum alloy with improved comprehensive performance.
The mechanical property test and microstructure observation of the prepared wrought aluminum alloy are carried out by using tensile and compression tests and a metallographic microscope, and the results show that the average grain size of the alloy is refined to 2.2 mu m, the tensile strength is 308 MPa, the yield strength is 255 MPa, and the elongation is 9.5%.
Example 4
The aluminum alloy ingot used in the present example was a commercial cast 6063 aluminum alloy, and the components thereof were, in mass%, 0.8% Mg, 0.5% Si, and the balance aluminum and unavoidable impurities.
Processing 6063 aluminum alloy into a cylindrical ingot with the diameter of phi 60 mm, preheating the aluminum alloy ingot at 450 ℃ for 2h, and putting the preheated ingot into a container with the inner cavity diameter of phi 80mm, wherein the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the inner cavity of the container to the cross-sectional area of the aluminum alloy ingot is 1.8:1, then hot forging is carried out at 450 ℃, an aluminum alloy cast ingot in an extrusion cylinder is forged to the size of the extrusion cylinder by an extruder, then hot extrusion is continuously carried out at 500 ℃, the extrusion ratio is 25:1, the extrusion speed is 5m/min, and the extruded section is cooled to room temperature by air to obtain the wrought aluminum alloy with improved comprehensive performance.
The mechanical property test and microstructure observation of the prepared wrought aluminum alloy are carried out by using tensile and compression tests and a metallographic microscope, and the results show that the average grain size of the alloy is thinned to 1.2 mu m, the tensile strength is 344 MPa, the yield strength is 312 MPa, and the elongation is 8%. Example 5
The aluminum alloy ingot used in the present example was a commercial cast 6063 aluminum alloy, and the components thereof were, in mass%, 0.8% Mg, 0.5% Si, and the balance aluminum and unavoidable impurities.
Processing 6063 aluminum alloy into a cylindrical ingot with the diameter of phi 40 mm, preheating the aluminum alloy ingot for 2 hours at 300 ℃, putting the preheated ingot into an extrusion barrel with the inner cavity diameter of phi 80mm, wherein the ratio of the cross sectional area of the inner cavity of the extrusion barrel to the cross sectional area of the aluminum alloy ingot is 4:1, then performing hot forging at 400 ℃, forging the aluminum alloy ingot in the extrusion barrel to the size of the extrusion barrel by using an extruder, then continuously performing hot extrusion at 500 ℃, wherein the extrusion ratio is 25:1, the extrusion speed is 5m/min, and cooling the extruded section to room temperature by air to obtain the wrought aluminum alloy with improved comprehensive performance.
The mechanical property test and microstructure observation of the prepared wrought aluminum alloy are carried out by using tensile and compression tests and a metallographic microscope, and the results show that the average grain size of the alloy is thinned to 1.3 mu m, the tensile strength is 344 MPa, the yield strength is 280 MPa, and the elongation is 10%.
Example 6
The aluminum alloy ingot used in the present example was a commercial cast 6005A aluminum alloy, and the compositions thereof in percentage by mass were 0.4% Mg, 0.8% Si, and the balance aluminum and unavoidable impurities.
Processing a 6005A aluminum alloy into a cylindrical ingot with the diameter of phi 60 mm, preheating the aluminum alloy ingot for 2.5 hours at 400 ℃, putting the preheated ingot into a container with the inner cavity diameter of phi 80mm, enabling the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the inner cavity of the container to the cross-sectional area of the aluminum alloy ingot to be 1.8:1, then performing hot forging at 400 ℃, forging the aluminum alloy ingot in the container to the size of the container by using an extruder, then continuously performing hot extrusion at 500 ℃, enabling the extrusion ratio to be 28:1 and the extrusion speed to be 0.5 m/min, and performing air cooling on the extruded section to room temperature to obtain the wrought aluminum alloy with improved comprehensive performance.
The mechanical property test and microstructure observation of the prepared wrought aluminum alloy are carried out by using tensile and compression tests and a metallographic microscope, and the results show that the average grain size of the alloy is thinned to 1.5 mu m, the tensile strength is 330 MPa, the yield strength is 266 MPa, and the elongation is 12%.
Comparative example 1
The aluminum alloy ingot used in the comparative example is a commercial cast 6063 aluminum alloy, and comprises, by mass, 0.5% of Mg, 0.2% of Si, and the balance of aluminum and unavoidable impurities.
Processing 6063 aluminum alloy into a cylindrical ingot with the diameter of phi 75mm, preheating the aluminum alloy at 480 ℃ for 2.5h, putting the preheated ingot into an extrusion barrel with the inner cavity diameter of phi 80mm, wherein the ratio of the cross section area of the inner cavity of the extrusion barrel to the cross section area of the aluminum alloy ingot is 1.1:1, then carrying out hot extrusion at 480 ℃, the extrusion ratio is 20:1, the extrusion speed is 2m/min, and carrying out air cooling on the extruded section to room temperature to obtain the wrought aluminum alloy.
The mechanical property test and microstructure observation of the prepared wrought aluminum alloy are carried out by using tensile and compression tests and a metallographic microscope, and the results show that the average grain size of the alloy is 14.8 mu m, the tensile strength of the aluminum alloy is 242 MPa, the yield strength of the aluminum alloy is 219MPa, and the elongation of the aluminum alloy is 11.7%.
In summary, the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the inner cavity of the extrusion container to the cross-sectional area of the aluminum alloy ingot can effectively refine the crystal grains of the alloy within a certain range (1.2 ~ 5:1), the size of the crystal grains can be refined to micron or submicron level, and the comprehensive performance of the final alloy is improved.
The above description is only exemplary of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting, and any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A novel continuous forging extrusion processing method for improving comprehensive performance of wrought aluminum alloy is characterized in that a conventional extrusion deformation process is used for extruding an aluminum alloy blank, the aluminum alloy blank is forged to generate upsetting deformation in the deformation process, then hot extrusion deformation is carried out, twice strain is realized, grains of the wrought aluminum alloy are obviously refined, and the ratio of the cross-sectional area of an inner cavity of an extrusion cylinder to the cross-sectional area of the aluminum alloy blank is 5 ~ 1.2.2: 1.
2. The new continuous forging extrusion processing method for improving the comprehensive performance of the wrought aluminum alloy according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) machining: processing the aluminum alloy blank to a specified size according to the size of the extrusion container;
2) and (2) continuous hot forging extrusion, namely preheating the blank obtained in the step (1) at ~ 550 ℃ for 1 ~ 6h at 150 ℃, putting the blank into an extrusion cylinder, then carrying out hot forging at ~ 550 ℃ at 150 ℃, forging the aluminum alloy blank in the extrusion cylinder to the size of the extrusion cylinder by using an extruder, then continuously carrying out hot extrusion at ~ 550 ℃ at 150 ℃, and cooling the extruded section to room temperature by air, so that the crystal grains of the aluminum alloy can be effectively refined, and the wrought aluminum alloy with improved comprehensive performance can be obtained.
3. The new continuous forging extrusion processing method for improving the comprehensive performance of the wrought aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the inner cavity of the extrusion container to the cross-sectional area of the aluminum alloy billet is 2.5 ~ 1.4.4: 1.
4. The new continuous forging-extrusion processing method for improving the comprehensive performance of wrought aluminum alloy according to claim 2, wherein the extrusion speed during the hot forging and hot extrusion is 0.1 ~ 20.0.0 m/min.
5. The new continuous forging extrusion processing method for improving the comprehensive performance of the wrought aluminum alloy according to claim 2, wherein the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the inner cavity of the extrusion container to the cross-sectional area of the obtained extruded profile in the hot extrusion process is 2:1 ~ 100: 1.
6. A wrought aluminium alloy according to any of the processes of claims 1 ~ 5, wherein the grains of the wrought aluminium alloy are capable of being refined to a few microns or sub-microns.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111155041A (en) * | 2020-01-19 | 2020-05-15 | 北京科技大学 | Method for composite strengthening and toughening of regenerated wrought aluminum alloy |
| CN112375982A (en) * | 2020-11-03 | 2021-02-19 | 林国忠 | Process for forging round steel by using superfine chromium-molybdenum hot-working die steel |
| CN113249626A (en) * | 2021-05-13 | 2021-08-13 | 西南交通大学 | Magnesium alloy and processing method for improving tension-compression asymmetry thereof |
| CN113737115A (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2021-12-03 | 江苏大学 | High-strength and high-toughness aluminum matrix composite based on servo forming and preparation method thereof |
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| CN109628862A (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2019-04-16 | 重庆大学 | A kind of continuous forging extruding new method for processing improving wrought magnesium alloy comprehensive performance |
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| CN106734799A (en) * | 2016-12-08 | 2017-05-31 | 山东大学 | A kind of forging method of bullet train axle box |
| CN109628862A (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2019-04-16 | 重庆大学 | A kind of continuous forging extruding new method for processing improving wrought magnesium alloy comprehensive performance |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111155041A (en) * | 2020-01-19 | 2020-05-15 | 北京科技大学 | Method for composite strengthening and toughening of regenerated wrought aluminum alloy |
| CN111155041B (en) * | 2020-01-19 | 2021-08-03 | 北京科技大学 | Method for composite strengthening and toughening of regenerated wrought aluminum alloy |
| CN112375982A (en) * | 2020-11-03 | 2021-02-19 | 林国忠 | Process for forging round steel by using superfine chromium-molybdenum hot-working die steel |
| CN112375982B (en) * | 2020-11-03 | 2021-10-19 | 林国忠 | Process for forging round steel by using superfine chromium-molybdenum hot-working die steel |
| CN113249626A (en) * | 2021-05-13 | 2021-08-13 | 西南交通大学 | Magnesium alloy and processing method for improving tension-compression asymmetry thereof |
| CN113737115A (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2021-12-03 | 江苏大学 | High-strength and high-toughness aluminum matrix composite based on servo forming and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20191231 |