CN106734045B - Household garbage incineration fly ash wet-process mold bag treatment method and system - Google Patents
Household garbage incineration fly ash wet-process mold bag treatment method and system Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
- B09B1/00—Dumping solid waste
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
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- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D2101/00—Harmful chemical substances made harmless, or less harmful, by effecting chemical change
- A62D2101/08—Toxic combustion residues, e.g. toxic substances contained in fly ash from waste incineration
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a system for treating fly ash from household garbage incineration by a wet-process mold bag, wherein fly ash is pulped, fly ash slurry is conveyed and the fly ash slurry is dehydrated/hydrated and solidified for 3 links, so that fly ash homogenization, heavy metal and dioxin detoxification, desalination and spontaneous hydration and solidification molding are fully and simultaneously realized; the solidified die bag body can be buried and disposed, and fly ash can be taken out from the die bag for resource utilization; and (3) naturally evaporating and concentrating the liquid discharged from the mold bag by utilizing the space of a landfill, and recycling the liquid after recovering heavy metals and dioxin, filtering and removing impurities, or further extracting salt and recycling the liquid. The method can avoid the defects of the traditional dry-method landfill and water washing pretreatment technology of the fly ash, can realize the integrated treatment of the homogenization, detoxification, desalination, spontaneous hydration consolidation and landfill of the fly ash, lays a foundation for the subsequent resource utilization of the fly ash, has low treatment cost, and can be applied to large-scale industrial production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of solid waste treatment and disposal, and particularly relates to a household garbage incineration fly ash wet-process mold bag treatment method and system.
Background
The domestic garbage incineration fly ash is fine grey powder, and has the characteristics of low water content, irregular shapes such as rod shape, polygonal shape, cotton floccule shape and spherical shape, uneven grain diameter, high porosity and large specific surface area. The fly ash is rich in high-concentration chlorine salt, high-content and easily leached heavy metal and dioxin, and is listed as dangerous waste by countries in the world (China, code HW 18). Therefore, fly ash must be rigorously disposed of before it is landfilled and recycled. In recent years, various fly ash disposal techniques have been studied at home and abroad, including thermal treatments such as solidification stabilization, separation extraction, sintering and melting, and other methods such as carbon/iron slurry. However, the large-scale industrialized disposal technology mainly focuses on 2 types: after the chelating agent is stabilized, landfill disposal and cement kiln cooperative disposal are carried out or sintered ceramsite is recycled.
The fly ash is stabilized by a chelating agent and then is landfilled, generally adopts the modes of powder compaction, ball pressing, ton block or brick molding, and belongs to dry treatment. The dry landfill disposal of fly ash has several problems: (1) the fly ash has large fluctuation of components, the dry stirring can not realize better homogenization effect, the chelating agent can not effectively play a role, the dosage is not easy to stably control, and the detoxification effect is unstable; or in order to ensure the chelating effect, excessive chelating agent is added, so that the cost of the medicament is increased; (2) the fly ash contains a large amount of fine dust, PM 2.5 pollution sources are easily formed when the fly ash is exposed in the environment, and the conventional dry landfill treatment has dust suppression measures such as water spraying humidification, mechanical rolling, preforming and the like, but can still not avoid the influence on the surrounding environment of a landfill site; (3) the new ash is often accompanied with pungent ammonia odor when being buried, which causes bad influence on nearby residents; (4) because of the strength problem after the stabilization of the fly ash, the space below the ground can only be utilized and is buried in a pit, and the space above the ground cannot be utilized, so that the storage capacity utilization rate is low; (5) in summer and autumn and rainy season, slurry can be formed in the landfill pit, so that the landfill operation cannot be carried out; (6) the treatment problem of the landfill leachate is inevitable, and the additional treatment cost is increased.
In the aspect of resource utilization of fly ash by the synergistic treatment of the cement kiln, the fly ash contains high-concentration chloride salt, and the fly ash needs to be subjected to water washing pretreatment before being subjected to the synergistic treatment of the cement kiln. Through water washing and solid-liquid separation, most of chlorine salt is removed from the water-washed fly ash, and the fly ash is dried and then enters a cement kiln for disposal; wherein, the washing effect and the solid-liquid separation in the washing process are key steps, and a great deal of research work is also done by domestic and foreign science and technology workers. The fly ash washing solid-liquid separation technology disclosed in chinese patent document CN 101182144A, CN 101773924B, CN 102126837B, CN 102173611B, CN 105107820A, CN 105080936A, CN 105327927A, CN 105481274A, CN 105502977 a and the like mainly focuses on plate-and-frame filter pressing, vacuum belt filter pressing, horizontal centrifugal dehydration and the like. Due to the characteristics of high CaO content, small particle size, large specific surface and good hydrophilicity in the waste incineration fly ash, the problems of serious filter cloth blockage and corrosion, poor solid-liquid separation effect and incapability of continuous and stable operation occur in the processes of plate-and-frame filter pressing and vacuum filtration suction filtration, so that the water content of a separated mud cake is high, the removal effect of chloride ions in the fly ash is poor, and the disposal capability is low; the horizontal centrifugal dehydration equipment is difficult to achieve stable effect on the treatment of fine-grained fly ash; in addition, the investment, the occupied area and the maintenance cost of the washing equipment are large. On the other hand, the waste water after the washing of the fly ash has the characteristics of high pH, high heavy metal concentration and high chloride, and direct discharge is forbidden due to high pollutant content; the conventional method at present is to carry out chemical impurity removal and flocculation precipitation on the waste water after the fly ash water washing, then evaporate and crystallize the supernatant liquid to extract salt, and the supernatant liquid after the salt extraction is used as the fly ash water for recycling. There are problems in that: the concentration of the supernatant liquid entering the evaporative crystallization is not subjected to over-concentration treatment, so that the investment of equipment and the operation cost are high in the evaporative crystallization salt extraction process; if the supernatant entering an evaporative crystallization system is concentrated by adopting a natural evaporation mode, the treatment cost is basically not consumed, the technology is feasible, but the method occupies a large amount of land, and the implementation site of the water washing pretreatment technology is generally in a cement plant, so that the land area required by the natural evaporation and concentration of the supernatant cannot be provided, and the practical implementation is not feasible; if the chlorine salt in the fly ash is not extracted and directly recycled, the cost of evaporative crystallization can be saved, but the removal effect of the chlorine salt in the fly ash washing is very poor, and the effect of the fly ash washing pretreatment can not be realized.
As the traditional dry method landfill of the fly ash has the defects of high chelating cost, dust pollution, ammonia odor dissipation, low utilization rate of landfill capacity, influence on landfill operation in rainy season, landfill percolation treatment and the like, and the defects of unstable operation of washing equipment, poor washing desalting and solid-liquid separation effects, large equipment floor area and maintenance cost, high washing wastewater treatment cost and the like in large-scale industrial application of the fly ash washing pretreatment technology seriously influence the economical efficiency and environmental protection characteristics of the fly ash safe treatment and disposal technology.
The geotechnical model bag has the characteristics of water permeability and slurry impermeability, has engineering application in fields of bank and river treatment, foundation treatment, sludge treatment, tailing damming and the like, and also carries out a great deal of research work by domestic and foreign science and technology workers. The patent publication Nos. CN 101486526B and CN 102367193B propose methods for landfill treatment of sludge by using geotextile bags or filter bags, and the patent publication Nos. CN 101693590B and CN 102493397B propose methods for treating heavy metal pollution sludge by using geotextile bags and treating landfill island resources in situ; patents CN 102182193A, CN 104912087B and CN 105672318 a propose a method of using a mold bag and performing ore dressing tailing dam stacking; the method for treating sludge and carrying out tailing dam piling by using the geotechnical model bags disclosed by the patent only utilizes the basic characteristic of conventional water and slurry permeation and impermeability of the geotechnical model bags to dewater and reduce the volume of sludge or tailings, and does not need to pay special attention to the treatment problem of discharge liquid of the geotechnical model bags.
Since municipal sludge, tailings and the like belong to general solid waste, and the fly ash from incineration of domestic waste belongs to dangerous waste (chinese code HW 18), if the above-mentioned technology is simply transplanted to the disposal field of fly ash from incineration of domestic waste, the following problems occur: (1) the environmental protection problem is as follows: products after hazardous waste disposal and waste residues, waste water and the like generated in the disposal process have strict standard requirements, and are strictly different from common solid wastes such as sludge, tailings and the like; (2) the technical problem is as follows: 1) the water content of the sludge and the tailings is 50-95%, the sludge and the tailings belong to water-containing materials, and the sludge and the tailings are treated by adopting a mold bag, and only the problem of dewatering and volume reduction needs to be considered; the fly ash contains 1-2% of water, belongs to dry materials, is treated by adopting a mould bag, needs to consider pulping and dehydration treatment at the same time, has great influence on the subsequent dehydration effect in the pulping link, and requires the completion of harmless treatment of the fly ash as hazardous waste in the whole treatment process; 2) the mold bags used for treating solid wastes such as sludge or tailings and the like are easily permeated by rainwater, and the strength of a sludge or tailing solidified body in the mold bags is influenced.
Due to the defects and shortcomings of the traditional dry landfill and water washing pretreatment technology of the fly ash in large-scale industrial application, and the simple transplantation of the mould bag to the disposal field of the household garbage incineration fly ash, the problems of technology, environmental protection and the like are caused. Therefore, the method and the system which can avoid the defects in the industrial application of the traditional dry-method landfill and fly ash water-washing pretreatment technology of the fly ash and have feasible technology, environmental protection and low investment and operation cost are developed, and have great significance for harmless, quantitative reduction and resource treatment of the fly ash generated by burning the household garbage.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method and a system for treating fly ash burned by domestic garbage by a wet die bag, which are used for overcoming the defects in the known technologies such as fly ash dry-method landfill, common water washing pretreatment and the like.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems in the prior art is as follows: a household garbage incineration fly ash wet method mold bag treatment method comprises the following steps:
(1) fly ash pulping: adding fly ash and water into a closed pulping tank according to the weight ratio of 1: 2-20, stirring and pulping to realize pre-homogenization and washing desalination of the fly ash; meanwhile, a heavy metal stabilizer or a heavy metal leaching agent is added into the fly ash slurry, and a dioxin extraction agent is added in the implementation process of the steps, so that the heavy metal and dioxin are detoxified in advance;
the addition amount of the heavy metal stabilizer is 0-3% of the dry basis mass of the fly ash, the addition amount of the heavy metal leaching agent is 0-30% of the dry basis mass of the fly ash, and the addition amount of the dioxin extraction agent is 0-2% of the dry basis mass of the fly ash;
the heavy metal stabilizer is one or a combination of more of phosphate, sulfide, sulfydryl amine salt, EDTA (ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid) connecting polymer and polyphosphoric acid;
the heavy metal leaching agent is hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid, NaOH and Na 2 CO 3 One or more of EDTA, dimercaptopropanol and sodium dimercaptopropane sulfonateA combination of several;
the dioxin extracting agent is one or a combination of more of sulfonated kerosene, normal hexane, acetone and sodium dodecyl sulfate;
the water used in the fly ash stirring and pulping process is one or the combination of two of garbage leachate RO concentrated water and fly ash landfill leachate;
(2) modifying a mold bag: the outer surface of the mold bag is sprayed with a water-repellent finishing agent for modification, and the water-repellent finishing agent can ensure the normal performance to be exerted within the pH range of 2-14 of the solution;
(3) conveying fly ash slurry: the fly ash slurry flows automatically or is pumped into a modified mould bag through a pipeline, a flow disturbing device is arranged in the pipeline, and the homogenization, desalination and detoxification of the fly ash are enhanced;
the flow disturbing device in the slurry conveying pipeline is one of a pipeline inner wall thread and a blade uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction of the pipeline inner wall, wherein the blade is one of a flat blade and a helical blade;
(4) dewatering/hydrating consolidation of fly ash slurry: standing for 2-20 days after the fly ash slurry is filled in the modified mold bag, wherein in the standing process, salt, heavy metal and dioxin in the fly ash slurry enter a liquid phase and are discharged out of the modified mold bag through the drainage effect, and then enter the mold bag to discharge liquid; the fly ash in the modified mould bag is subjected to long-time spontaneous hydration reaction, self activity is excited, and then the fly ash is solidified and formed into a solidified body, and the strength is continuously enhanced along with the increase of standing time;
the material of the mould bag is any one of polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, nylon or polyester;
(5) and (3) disposing a dehydration/hydration consolidation die bag body: the dehydrated/hydrated and consolidated mould bag body is subjected to pit filling or dam filling, or the fly ash is taken out from the mould bag for resource utilization;
(6) treating the discharged liquid of the die bag: and (3) naturally evaporating and concentrating the discharged liquid of the mould bag by utilizing the space of a landfill, then feeding the discharged liquid into a liquid storage tank, and recycling the liquid in the liquid storage tank after recovering heavy metal and dioxin, filtering and removing impurities, or further recycling the liquid after salt extraction.
A system adopting the method for treating the fly ash from the incineration of the household garbage by the wet method mold bag comprises a closed pulping tank 2, a slurry conveying pipeline 3, a modified mold bag 4, a natural evaporation concentration system 5, a liquid storage tank 6 and a discharged liquid treatment system 7, wherein the inlet of the closed pulping tank is connected with the outlet of a fly ash transport tank car 1, the inlet of the slurry conveying pipeline is connected with the outlet of the closed pulping tank, and the outlet of the slurry conveying pipeline is connected with the inlet of the slurry of the modified mold bag; the modified mould bag is provided with a liquid outlet which is connected with an inlet of a natural evaporation concentration system through a liquid outlet and liquid collecting pipeline; the outlet of the natural evaporation concentration system is connected with the inlet of the liquid storage tank; the outlet of the liquid storage tank is connected with the inlet of the discharged liquid treatment system, and the outlet of the discharged liquid treatment system is connected with the inlet of the closed pulping tank through a pipeline.
A valve 10-1 and a flowmeter 10-2 are arranged on a connecting pipeline of the closed pulping tank and the fly ash transport tank car;
a stirring device is arranged in the closed pulping tank;
the slurry conveying pipeline is provided with a slurry pump, and when the height difference between the closed pulping tank and the modified mould bag cannot enable the fly ash slurry to automatically flow into the modified mould bag through self weight, the fly ash slurry is pumped into the modified mould bag;
the flow disturbing device in the slurry conveying pipeline is one of a pipeline inner wall thread and a blade uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction of the pipeline inner wall, wherein the blade is one of a flat blade and a helical blade;
the discharged liquid treatment system is a discharged liquid filtering and impurity removing system 13 or a combination of the discharged liquid filtering and impurity removing system and an evaporative crystallization salt extracting system 14;
a circulating pump 12-1, a valve 12-2, a flowmeter 12-3, a medicament adding port 8 and a fresh pulping water replenishing port 9 are arranged on a connecting pipeline of the discharged liquid treatment system and the closed pulping tank;
the discharged liquid filtering and impurity removing system is one or a combination of a flocculation sedimentation tank, a ceramic membrane, a microfiltration membrane, a nanofiltration membrane and an RO membrane;
the evaporative crystallization salt extraction system is any one of mechanical vapor recompression crystallization and multi-effect evaporative crystallization.
The invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
(1) realizes the integrated treatment of fly ash homogenization, detoxification, desalination, spontaneous hydration molding and landfill.
Through 3 links of fly ash pulping, fly ash slurry conveying and fly ash slurry dehydration/hydration consolidation, the method simplifies the treatment process, fully realizes fly ash homogenization, detoxification and desalination, and solves the problems of large property fluctuation, variable treatment process, incomplete detoxification or large addition of medicament in the fly ash detoxification process (compared with the traditional dry landfill, the method can reduce the addition cost of a heavy metal chelating agent by 10-20%, effectively extract dioxin pollutants in the fly ash, large water consumption of common quick water washing and low desalination efficiency (the method combines the processes of stirring water washing, standing water washing and slow water drainage, and is more sufficient in desalination).
The invention fully utilizes the spontaneous hydration characteristic of the fly ash through process integration and innovation, the fly ash is more beneficial to the spontaneous hydration reaction among solid-phase particles of the fly ash in the limited space of a mould bag and in the water immersion and standing process, the activity of the volcanic ash is excited, the spontaneous solidification and molding of the fly ash can be realized without adding a curing agent by combining the slow drainage process of the mould bag, and the strength of a solidified body is continuously enhanced along with the increase of the standing time.
The fly ash mould bag consolidation body can be used for landfill by using the existing landfill pit, and can also be used for filling a dam by using the space above the ground of a landfill area, compared with the traditional dry-method landfill, the storage capacity utilization coefficient is enlarged by more than 1 time, which is equivalent to reducing the disposal cost of the fly ash, and the problem of shortage of urban land resources can be greatly relieved. Based on the fly ash wet method mould bag processing technology, the method of piling a dam at the periphery of the existing garbage pile body or piling a dam at the ground of a fly ash landfill pit is adopted, and the method can also be used as an emergency capacity expansion means of the existing household garbage landfill site or fly ash safety landfill site, so that the problem of the outlet of the household garbage or the fly ash can be relieved in a short time.
(2) The outer surface of the mold bag is coated with the water repellent finishing agent to modify the mold bag, so that the fly ash in the mold bag can be prevented from being washed and infiltrated by rainwater or discharged liquid of the mold bag, the mold bag has a self-cleaning function, the sludge and scale on the surface of the mold bag can be conveniently removed, the mass transfer resistance of water drainage between the inner surface and the outer surface of the mold bag is reduced, and the leaching speed of water in the mold bag is accelerated; meanwhile, the influence of external water inflow on the consolidated block in the die bag is eliminated, and the problem of strength reduction of the consolidated block caused by water re-absorption expansion and bursting of the consolidated block is avoided.
(3) The fly ash is buried by adopting a wet-process mold bag, so that no dust pollution, no waste water discharge and no ammonia odor dissipation are caused; the concentrated garbage leachate RO can be used for replacing fly ash pulping water, so that the disposal cost of the concentrated RO is saved; in addition, the leachate of the fly ash landfill can be cooperatively treated, and zero discharge of the leachate of the fly ash landfill is realized.
(4) The fly ash is treated by adopting a wet-method mold bag, and the steps of fly ash pulping, fly ash slurry conveying and fly ash slurry dehydration/hydration and solidification are carried out for 3 links, so that the water washing and water immersion desalting are realized, equipment such as a large-scale sedimentation tank, solid-liquid separation and the like in the traditional fly ash water washing pretreatment technology is not needed, the equipment investment is low, the occupied area is small, the maintenance cost is basically not needed, the method is suitable for the fly ash of any grain size type, and is particularly suitable for the fly ash with high CaO content which is difficult to treat by the current fly ash water washing pretreatment technology.
(5) The invention can utilize the anti-seepage facilities composed of landfill space and landfill geomembrane to carry out natural evaporation concentration on the discharged liquid of the mould bags while the mould bags are slowly drained and consolidated, reduces the total amount of the treated liquid, improves the concentration of the solution entering an evaporation crystallization system, reduces the equipment investment and the operation cost of subsequent evaporation crystallization on the premise of not additionally prolonging the treatment time and increasing the treatment cost, and solves the problem that the natural evaporation concentration system cannot be applied to occasions such as cement plants due to large occupied area.
(6) The indexes of the water content, dioxin and heavy metal leaching in the dehydrated and solidified mould bag body meet the requirements of the pollution control standard of domestic garbage landfill (GB 16889-2008), and the removal rate of chlorine salt in the fly ash is 60-90%.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a system flow of a fly ash wet-process bag treatment method for incineration of domestic waste.
Fig. 2 and 3 are schematic views of two treatment modes of the effluent treatment system.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a wet-process bag-molding treatment system for fly ash from incineration of domestic waste.
In the figure: 1 is a fly ash transportation tank car, 2 is a closed pulping tank, 3 is a slurry conveying pipeline, 4 is a modified mould bag, 5 is a natural evaporation concentration system, 6 is a liquid storage tank, 7 is a discharged liquid treatment system, 8 is a medicament adding port, 9 is a fresh pulping water supply port, 10 is a fly ash flow control component, 11 is a circulating pump, 12 is a clear liquid flow control component, 13 is a discharged liquid filtration and impurity removal system, 14 is an evaporation crystallization salt extraction system, 10-1 is a valve, 10-2 is a fly ash mass flow meter, 12-1 is a circulating pump, 12-2 is a valve, 12-3 is a flow meter
Detailed Description
In order to further understand the contents, features and effects of the present invention, the following embodiments are illustrated and described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings:
a household garbage incineration fly ash wet method mold bag treatment method comprises the following steps:
(1) fly ash pulping: adding fly ash and water into a closed pulping tank according to the weight ratio of 1: 2-20, stirring and pulping to realize pre-homogenization and washing desalination of the fly ash; meanwhile, a heavy metal stabilizer or a heavy metal leaching agent is added into the fly ash slurry, and a dioxin extraction agent is added in the implementation process of the steps, so that the heavy metal and dioxin are detoxified in advance;
(2) modifying a mold bag: spraying a water repellent finishing agent on the outer surface of the mold bag for modification, wherein the water repellent finishing agent can ensure the exertion of normal performance in the range of pH 2-14 of the solution;
(3) conveying fly ash slurry: the fly ash slurry flows automatically or is pumped into a modified mould bag through a pipeline, a flow disturbing device is arranged in the pipeline, and the homogenization, desalination and detoxification of the fly ash are enhanced;
(4) dewatering/hydrating consolidation of fly ash slurry: standing for 2-20 days after the modified mold bag is filled with the fly ash slurry, wherein in the standing process, salt, heavy metal and dioxin in the fly ash slurry enter a liquid phase and are discharged out of the modified mold bag through a drainage effect, and then enter the mold bag to discharge liquid; the fly ash in the modified mould bag is subjected to long-time spontaneous hydration reaction, self activity is excited, and then the fly ash is solidified and formed into a solidified body, and the strength is continuously enhanced along with the increase of standing time;
(5) and (3) disposing a dehydration/hydration consolidation die bag body: the dehydrated/hydrated and consolidated mould bag body is subjected to pit filling or dam filling, or the fly ash is taken out from the mould bag for resource utilization;
(6) treating the discharged liquid of the die bag: and (3) naturally evaporating and concentrating the discharged liquid of the mould bag by utilizing the space of a landfill, then feeding the discharged liquid into a liquid storage tank, and recycling the liquid in the liquid storage tank after recovering heavy metal and dioxin, filtering and removing impurities, or further recycling the liquid after salt extraction.
Example 1: the fly ash and water are stirred and pulped according to the weight ratio of 1:5, the used water is circulating water which is obtained by treating the discharge liquid of the mold bag by a discharge liquid filtering and impurity removing system in a discharge liquid treatment system and a partially supplemented landfill leachate RO concentrated solution, the heavy metal stabilizer adopts a sulfide inorganic chelating agent, the addition amount of the sulfide inorganic chelating agent is 1 percent of the dry basis of the fly ash, the dioxin extracting agent adopts a sodium dodecyl sulfate anionic surfactant, the addition amount of the dioxin inorganic chelating agent is 0.5 percent of the dry basis of the fly ash, a slurry conveying pipeline with threads on the inner wall is adopted to strengthen the homogenization of the fly ash, desalting and detoxifying, wherein the material of the mold bag is polyvinyl chloride, the outer surface of the mold bag is coated with water repellent finishing agent fluorine-containing organic siloxane for modification (normal performance can be achieved under the working condition that the pH of the mold bag discharge liquid is 12.5), and the modified mold bag is kept stand for 6 days after being filled with fly ash slurry, so that complete homogenization, fly ash detoxification and harmless treatment, desalting and dehydration/hydration consolidation are realized.
The indexes of the water content of the fly ash, dioxin and heavy metal in the die bag body after dehydration/hydration and solidification meet the requirements of the pollution control standard of domestic garbage landfill (GB 16889-2008), wherein the water content of the fly ash in the die bag after dehydration/hydration and solidification is less than 15 percent, the content of the dioxin is less than 0.5 mu g TEQ/kg, the heavy metal is leached as shown in the following table,
TABLE 1 post dehydration/hydration fly ash heavy metal leaching concentration (unit: mg/L) in the die bag
The desalination rate of the fly ash in the mold bag after dehydration/hydration consolidation is 80.5 percent; the landfill position of the dehydration/hydration solidified rear mould bag body is a fly ash safe landfill site or a domestic garbage sanitary landfill site and a partitioned landfill, and a landfill pit landfill mode and a dam landfill mode by reasonably utilizing the space above the ground are adopted, so that no dust pollution, no wastewater discharge and no ammonia odor dissipation are generated during the landfill, and compared with the traditional dry landfill, the storage capacity utilization coefficient is enlarged by 1.35 times, which is equivalent to reducing the disposal cost of fly ash, and the problem of shortage of urban land resources can be greatly relieved; and can co-process the RO concentrated solution of the landfill leachate for 2-3 m 3 (ii) t fly ash.
Referring to fig. 1 and 4, a household garbage incineration fly ash wet-process mold bag treatment system adopting the household garbage incineration fly ash wet-process mold bag treatment method comprises a closed pulping tank 2, a slurry conveying pipeline 3, a modified mold bag 4, a natural evaporation concentration system 5, a liquid storage tank 6 and a discharged liquid treatment system 7, wherein an inlet of the closed pulping tank is connected with an outlet of a fly ash transport tank car 1, an inlet of the slurry conveying pipeline is connected with an outlet of the closed pulping tank, and an outlet of the slurry conveying pipeline is connected with a mortar inlet of the modified mold bag; the modified mould bag is provided with a liquid outlet which is connected with an inlet of a natural evaporation concentration system through a liquid outlet and liquid collecting pipeline; the outlet of the natural evaporation concentration system is connected with the inlet of the liquid storage tank; the outlet of the liquid storage tank is connected with the inlet of a discharged liquid treatment system, and the outlet of the discharged liquid treatment system is connected with the inlet of the closed pulping tank through a pipeline.
A valve 10-1 and a flowmeter 10-2 are arranged on a connecting pipeline of the closed pulping tank 2 and the fly ash transport tank car 1, and a stirring device is arranged inside the closed pulping tank; the height drop between the closed pulping pool and the modified mould bag is 3m, so that fly ash slurry can automatically flow into the modified mould bag through self weight; the turbulence device in the slurry conveying pipeline is a pipeline inner wall thread; the concentration of the discharged liquid of the mould bag is further concentrated by about 1 time in a natural evaporation concentration system 5 in a natural evaporation way, and the discharged liquid is pumped to a liquid storage tank 6 by a circulating pump and then enters a discharged liquid treatment system 7; a connecting pipeline of the discharged liquid treatment system 7 and the closed pulping tank 2 is provided with a circulating pump 12-1, a valve 12-2, a flowmeter 12-3, a heavy metal stabilizing or leaching agent and dioxin extraction agent adding port 8 and a fresh pulping water supply port 9.
Referring to fig. 2, the effluent treatment system 7 in the household garbage incineration fly ash wet-process mold bag treatment system is an effluent filtration and impurity removal system 13, and a two-stage ceramic membrane and nanofiltration membrane combined system is adopted to recover heavy metals and dioxin from mold bag effluent and directly recycle the heavy metals and dioxin as fly ash pulping water.
Example 2: the fly ash and water are stirred and pulped according to the weight ratio of 1:10, the used water is circulating water and partial supplementary fresh water after the mould bag discharge liquid is treated by a discharge liquid filtering and impurity removing system and an evaporative crystallization salt extracting system in a discharge liquid treatment system, a heavy metal extracting agent adopts pure acetic acid, the addition amount of the heavy metal extracting agent is 8 percent of the dry basis of the fly ash, a dioxin extracting agent adopts acetone, the addition amount of the dioxin extracting agent is 0.7 percent of the dry basis of the fly ash, a slurry conveying pipeline with spiral blades uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction on the inner wall is adopted to strengthen the homogenization of the fly ash, desalting and detoxifying, wherein the material of the mold bag is polypropylene, the outer surface of the mold bag is coated with water repellent finishing agent fluorine-containing organic siloxane for modification (normal performance can be achieved under the working condition that the pH of the mold bag discharge liquid is 5.5), and the modified mold bag is kept stand for 9 days after being filled with fly ash slurry, so that complete homogenization, fly ash detoxification and harmless treatment, water leaching desalting and dehydration/hydration consolidation are realized.
The indexes of the water content of the fly ash, dioxin and heavy metal in the die bag body after dehydration/hydration and solidification meet the requirements of the pollution control standard of domestic garbage landfill (GB 16889-2008), wherein the water content of the fly ash in the die bag after dehydration/hydration and solidification is less than 15 percent, the content of the dioxin is less than 0.5 mu g TEQ/kg, the heavy metal is leached as shown in the following table,
TABLE 2 post dehydration/hydration fly ash heavy metal leaching concentration (unit: mg/L) in the post-consolidation die bag body
The desalination rate of the fly ash in the dehydrated/hydrated consolidated die bag is 95 percent, and the desalinated fly ash can be subjected to landfill disposal and resource utilization; the landfill position of the dehydrated/hydrated solidified post-mold bag body is a fly ash safe landfill site or a domestic garbage sanitary landfill site, and is a partition landfill, a landfill pit is adopted for landfill, and a space above the ground is reasonably utilized for dam landfill, so that no dust pollution, no waste water discharge and no ammonia odor dissipation are generated during landfill, compared with the traditional dry landfill, the storage capacity utilization coefficient is enlarged by 1.35 times, the disposal cost of fly ash is equivalently reduced, and the problem of shortage of urban land resources can be greatly relieved. The fly ash can also be taken out from the mould bag body for resource utilization, the resource utilization mode is high-temperature sintered ceramsite, ceramsite products are used as roadbed materials, and the like.
Referring to fig. 1 and 4, a household garbage incineration fly ash wet-process mold bag treatment system adopting the household garbage incineration fly ash wet-process mold bag treatment method comprises a closed pulping tank 2, a slurry conveying pipeline 3, a modified mold bag 4, a natural evaporation concentration system 5, a liquid storage tank 6 and a discharged liquid treatment system 7, wherein an inlet of the closed pulping tank is connected with an outlet of a fly ash transport tank car 1, an inlet of the slurry conveying pipeline is connected with an outlet of the closed pulping tank, and an outlet of the slurry conveying pipeline is connected with a mortar inlet of the modified mold bag; the modified mould bag is provided with a liquid outlet which is connected with an inlet of a natural evaporation concentration system through a discharged liquid collecting pipeline; the outlet of the natural evaporation concentration system is connected with the inlet of the liquid storage tank; the outlet of the liquid storage tank is connected with the inlet of a discharged liquid treatment system, and the outlet of the discharged liquid treatment system is connected with the inlet of the closed pulping tank through a pipeline.
A valve 10-1 and a flowmeter 10-2 are arranged on a connecting pipeline of the closed pulping tank 2 and the fly ash transport tank car 1, and a stirring device is arranged inside the closed pulping tank; the closed pulping pool and the modified mould bag have no height fall, and a slurry pump is arranged on the slurry conveying pipeline and is used for pumping the fly ash slurry into the modified mould bag; the flow disturbing device in the slurry conveying pipeline is a helical blade which is uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction of the inner wall of the pipeline; the concentration of the mold bag discharge liquid is further concentrated by about 1.2 times in a natural evaporation concentration system 5 in a natural evaporation way, and the mold bag discharge liquid is pumped to a liquid storage tank 6 by a circulating pump and then enters a discharge liquid treatment system 7; a connecting pipeline of the discharged liquid treatment system 7 and the closed pulping tank 2 is provided with a circulating pump 12-1, a valve 12-2, a flowmeter 12-3, a heavy metal stabilizing or leaching agent and dioxin extraction agent adding port 8 and a fresh pulping water supply port 9.
Referring to fig. 3, the effluent treatment system 7 in the household garbage incineration fly ash wet-process mold bag treatment system adopts a two-stage ceramic membrane and nanofiltration membrane combined system as an effluent filtration and impurity removal system 13 and an evaporative crystallization salt extraction system 14, heavy metals and dioxins in the mold bag effluent are recovered, the recovered heavy metals and dioxins enter the evaporative crystallization salt extraction system 14, and the treated clear liquid is recycled as fly ash pulping water.
The modified die bag 4 mainly has the following functions: the fly ash slurry from the closed pulping tank 2 is subjected to standing water leaching desalination to remove chloride in fly ash and gradually dehydrate/hydrate and solidify in a natural dehydration or forced dehydration single or comprehensive dehydration mode on the basis of the water washing desalination of the fly ash pulping and fly ash slurry conveying links; meanwhile, under the action of a heavy metal stabilizing/extracting agent and a dioxin extracting agent, and on the basis of pre-detoxification and strengthened detoxification in the fly ash pulping and fly ash slurry conveying links, the aim of detoxifying the heavy metal and dioxin in the fly ash is fulfilled, and the fly ash is harmlessly treated. The fly ash is in the modified mould bag 4, and can realize the homogenization, detoxification, desalination, dehydration/hydration consolidation and molding of the fly ash at the same time; the solidified and formed mould bag body can be buried in a safe landfill or a sanitary landfill, and the fly ash can be taken out from the mould bag for resource utilization. The discharge liquid treatment system 7 is mainly used for recycling the fly ash pulping water, so that zero discharge of waste water is realized; before the discharged liquid of the mould bag enters the discharged liquid treatment system 7, natural evaporation concentration is carried out by utilizing the space of a landfill, the investment and the operation cost are not additionally increased, and the discharged liquid treatment cost is reduced.
When the discharge liquid treated by the discharge liquid filtering and impurity removing system 13 is recycled as fly ash pulping water, the fly ash in the die bag body after dehydration/hydration consolidation is suitable for disposal in a landfill mode; when the clear liquid treated by the combination of the discharged liquid filtering and impurity removing system 13 and the evaporative crystallization salt extraction system 14 is used as fly ash pulping circulating water, the fly ash in the mold bag body after dehydration/hydration and solidification can be landfilled or recycled.
Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, which are merely illustrative and not restrictive, and those skilled in the art can make many modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (16)
1. A household garbage incineration fly ash wet method mold bag treatment method comprises the following steps:
(1) fly ash pulping: adding fly ash and water into a closed pulping tank according to the weight ratio of 1: 2-20, stirring and pulping to realize pre-homogenization and washing desalination of the fly ash; meanwhile, a heavy metal stabilizer or a heavy metal leaching agent is added into the fly ash slurry, and a dioxin extraction agent is added in the implementation process of the steps, so that the heavy metal and dioxin are detoxified in advance;
(2) modifying a mold bag: spraying a water repellent finishing agent on the outer surface of the mold bag for modification, wherein the water repellent finishing agent can ensure the exertion of normal performance in the range of pH 2-14 of the solution;
(3) conveying fly ash slurry: the fly ash slurry flows automatically or is pumped into a modified mould bag through a pipeline, a flow disturbing device is arranged in the pipeline, and the homogenization, desalination and detoxification of the fly ash are enhanced;
(4) dewatering/hydrating consolidation of fly ash slurry: standing for 2-20 days after the fly ash slurry is filled in the modified mold bag, wherein in the standing process, salt, heavy metal and dioxin in the fly ash slurry enter a liquid phase and are discharged out of the modified mold bag through the drainage effect, and then enter the mold bag to discharge liquid; the fly ash in the modified mould bag is subjected to long-time spontaneous hydration reaction, self activity is excited, and then the fly ash is solidified and formed into a solidified body, and the strength is continuously enhanced along with the increase of standing time;
(5) and (3) disposing a dehydration/hydration consolidation die bag body: the dehydrated/hydrated and consolidated mould bag body is subjected to pit filling or dam filling, or the fly ash is taken out from the mould bag for resource utilization;
(6) treating the discharged liquid of the mold bag: and (3) naturally evaporating and concentrating the discharged liquid of the mould bag by utilizing the space of a landfill, then feeding the discharged liquid into a liquid storage tank, and recycling the liquid in the liquid storage tank after recovering heavy metal and dioxin, filtering and removing impurities, or further recycling the liquid after salt extraction.
2. The method for treating fly ash from household garbage incineration by wet molding bag according to claim 1, wherein the addition amount of the heavy metal stabilizer is 0-3% of the dry basis mass of fly ash, the addition amount of the heavy metal leaching agent is 0-30% of the dry basis mass of fly ash, and the addition amount of the dioxin extraction agent is 0-2% of the dry basis mass of fly ash.
3. The method for treating the fly ash from the incineration of household garbage by wet molding bag according to claim 1, wherein the heavy metal stabilizer is one or more of phosphate, sulfide, amine sulfhydryl salt, EDTA linker and polyphosphoric acid.
4. The method for treating fly ash from incineration of household garbage by wet molding bag according to claim 1, wherein the heavy metal lixiviant is hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid, NaOH, Na 2 CO 3 One or a combination of more of EDTA, dimercaptopropanol and sodium dimercaptopropane sulfonate.
5. The method for treating fly ash from incineration of household garbage by wet process molding bag according to claim 1, wherein the dioxin extracting agent is one or a combination of more of sulfonated kerosene, n-hexane, acetone and sodium dodecyl sulfate.
6. The method for treating fly ash from incineration of household garbage by wet molding bag according to claim 1, wherein the molding bag is made of any one of polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, nylon or polyester.
7. The method for treating fly ash from household garbage incineration by wet molding bag according to claim 1, wherein the water used in the fly ash stirring and pulping process is one or a combination of two of landfill leachate RO concentrated water and fly ash landfill leachate.
8. The system adopting the household garbage incineration fly ash wet-process mold bag treatment method as claimed in claim 1, characterized by comprising a closed pulping tank (2), a slurry conveying pipeline (3), a modified mold bag (4), a natural evaporation concentration system (5), a liquid storage tank (6) and a discharged liquid treatment system (7), wherein the inlet of the closed pulping tank is connected with the outlet of a fly ash transport tank car (1), the inlet of the slurry conveying pipeline is connected with the outlet of the closed pulping tank, and the outlet of the slurry conveying pipeline is connected with the mortar inlet of the modified mold bag; the modified mould bag is provided with a liquid outlet which is connected with an inlet of a natural evaporation concentration system through a liquid outlet and liquid collecting pipeline; the outlet of the natural evaporation concentration system is connected with the inlet of the liquid storage tank; the outlet of the liquid storage tank is connected with the inlet of a discharged liquid treatment system, and the outlet of the discharged liquid treatment system is connected with the inlet of the closed pulping tank through a pipeline.
9. The system for treating fly ash from incineration of household garbage by wet molding bag according to claim 8, wherein a valve (10-1) and a flow meter (10-2) are provided on the connecting pipeline of the closed pulping tank and the fly ash transportation tanker.
10. The system for treating fly ash from incineration of household garbage by wet molding bag according to claim 8, wherein a stirring device is provided inside the closed pulping tank.
11. The system as claimed in claim 8, wherein the slurry delivery pipe is provided with a slurry pump for pumping the fly ash slurry into the modified mold bag when the fly ash slurry cannot flow into the modified mold bag by gravity due to a height difference between the closed slurry tank and the modified mold bag.
12. The system of claim 8, wherein the turbulence device in the slurry transportation pipeline is one of a thread on the inner wall of the pipeline and blades evenly distributed on the inner wall of the pipeline in the circumferential direction, and the blades are one of flat blades and helical blades.
13. The system for wet molding and bag processing of fly ash from incineration of household garbage according to claim 8, wherein the system for processing of the discharged liquid is a system for filtration and decontamination of the discharged liquid (13), or a combination of a system for filtration and decontamination of the discharged liquid and a system for salt extraction by evaporative crystallization (14).
14. The system for treating the fly ash from the incineration of household garbage by wet molding bag according to claim 8, wherein a circulating pump (12-1), a valve (12-2), a flow meter (12-3), a chemical adding port (8) and a fresh slurry water supply port (9) are provided on the connecting pipe between the system for treating the discharged liquid and the closed slurry making tank.
15. The effluent treatment system of claim 13, wherein the effluent filtration and decontamination system is one or a combination of flocculation and sedimentation tank, ceramic membrane, microfiltration membrane, nanofiltration membrane, and RO membrane.
16. The effluent treatment system of claim 13, wherein the evaporative crystallization salt extraction system is any one of mechanical vapor recompression crystallization and multi-effect evaporative crystallization.
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| CN109316704A (en) * | 2018-12-04 | 2019-02-12 | 合肥全晟环保科技有限公司 | For handling the chelating agent and preparation method thereof of heavy metal in incineration of refuse flyash |
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