CN106728201A - 一种治疗和预防鸭瘟的药物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种治疗和预防鸭瘟的药物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种治疗和预防鸭瘟的药物,其是由下列质量份配比的原料药制成:党参290‑315份、车前子230‑275份、巴豆220‑270份、白蜡80‑120份、桑螵蛸135‑170份、蜈蚣85‑130份、桂枝125‑160份、枳壳270‑325份、神曲460‑520份、肉桂260‑310份。本发明的药物中各原料配伍不存在配伍禁忌,能明显降低鸭瘟的发生率,对鸭瘟有很好的预防和治疗作用,并且无毒副作用,使用安全,无有害药物残留。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种鸭流行病防治的药物及其制备方法,特别是一种对鸭瘟有明显预防和治疗作用的药物及其制备方法。
背景技术
鸭瘟俗称大头瘟,又名鸭病毒性肠炎,病原为鸭瘟病毒属疱疹病毒科,不同品种或品系的鸭均能感染此病。该病一年四季均可发生,在春夏和秋天流行最为严重,该病病程较短,发病率高,死亡率可达90% 以上,对养殖业威胁严重。
本病的病原体是鸭瘟病毒,病毒对外界的抵抗力很强。目前,主要的预防方法是做好检疫即消毒工作,比如定期采用石灰乳或漂白粉消毒场舍,加强鸭群的抵抗力,分批进行免疫接种,对发现病死鸭的场舍进行封锁及扑杀,使用盐酸吗啉胍、恩诺沙星、三氮唑核苷、丁胺卡那霉素等药物进行早期治疗,但在实际饲养过程中,采用上述各种方法处理后仍然会有鸭群发病,而长期使用化学药物进行治疗,容易造成药物残留,而且治疗效果也不是很好。
因此研发一种治疗鸭瘟的无药物残留、无耐药性产生、临床效果显著的特效药物是该领域科研技术人员急待解决的新课题之一。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服现有技术的上述不足而提供一种治疗和预防鸭瘟的药物,本发明的药物中各原料配伍不存在配伍禁忌,能明显降低鸭瘟的发生率,对鸭瘟有很好的预防和治疗作用,并且无毒副作用,使用安全,无有害药物残留。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种上述药物的制备方法,其工艺简单,其原料药常见、便宜。
本发明的技术方案是:一种治疗和预防鸭瘟的药物,其是由下列质量份配比的原料药制成:党参290-315份、车前子230-275份、巴豆220-270份、白蜡80-120份、桑螵蛸135-170份、蜈蚣85-130份、桂枝125-160份、枳壳270-325份、神曲460-520份、肉桂260-310份。
其进一步的优选质量份配比为:党参290-310份、车前子230-270份、巴豆230-270份、白蜡90-120份、桑螵蛸140-170份、蜈蚣90-130份、桂枝130-160份、枳壳270-320份、神曲470-520份、肉桂270-310份。
其进一步的优选质量份配比为:党参295-310份、车前子230-260份、巴豆240-270份、白蜡90-115份、桑螵蛸145-170份、蜈蚣90-125份、桂枝135-160份、枳壳270-310份、神曲480-520份、肉桂280-310份。
其进一步的优选质量份配比为:党参295-305份、车前子235-260份、巴豆240-265份、白蜡90-110份、桑螵蛸150-170份、蜈蚣90-120份、桂枝140-160份、枳壳270-300份、神曲490-520份、肉桂285-310份。
其进一步的优选质量份配比为:党参300-305份、车前子250-260份、巴豆240-260份、白蜡90-100份、桑螵蛸150-160份、蜈蚣90-110份、桂枝145-160份、枳壳280-300份、神曲490-510份、肉桂295-310份。
其进一步的优选质量份配比为:党参300份、车前子260份、巴豆250份、白蜡100份、桑螵蛸150份、蜈蚣100份、桂枝150份、枳壳300份、神曲500份、肉桂300份。
本发明的另一技术方案是:一种治疗和预防鸭瘟的药物的制备方法,其主要包括如下步骤:
一、按配方称取原料药;
二、将称得的原料药粉碎,混合均匀,得到治疗和预防鸭瘟的药物。
本发明再进一步的另一技术方案是:步骤二原料粉碎后,过100-300目筛。
本发明再进一步的另一技术方案是:步骤二原料粉碎后,过150-300目筛。
本发明用到的主要原料药说明如下:
党参:呈椭圆形或类圆形的厚片,表面黄棕色或灰黄色,切面黄白色或黄棕色,有裂隙或菊花纹,中央有淡黄色圆心。周边淡黄白色置黄棕色,有纵皱纹。有特殊香气,味微甜。生党参片益气生津力胜。常用于气津两伤或气血两亏。党参味甘,性平。有补中益气、止渴、健脾益肺,养血生津。用于脾肺气虚,食少倦怠,咳嗽虚喘,气血不足,面色萎黄,心悸气短,津伤口渴,内热消渴。[1]懒言短气、四肢无力、食欲不佳、气虚、气津两虚、气血双亏以及血虚萎黄等症。但表证未解而中满邪实的不能用。 该品功效与人参相似,惟药力薄弱。治一般虚证,可代替人参使用;虚脱重证,则仍用人参为宜。秋季采挖,洗净,晒干。
车前子:是大车前、车前、平车前、海滨车前、长叶车前的别称;药用车前子为车前科植物车前或平车前的干燥成熟种子。夏、秋二季种子成熟时采收果穗,晒干,搓出种子,可以除去杂质。药用别称:车前草、车前实、虾蟆衣子、鸭耳朵穗子、凤眼前仁。生用或盐水炙用。主产于黑龙江、辽宁、河北等地。喜温暖湿润气候,耐寒,山区平地均可生长,对土壤要求不严。本品性味甘寒,入肾、膀胱、肝、肺经,功能利水通淋、渗湿止泻、清肝明目、清热化痰,为常用药材。
巴豆:为大戟科巴豆属植物巴豆树的干燥成熟果实,其根及叶亦供药用。中医药上以果实入药,性热,味辛,功能破积、逐水、涌吐痰涎,有助于治寒结便秘、腹水肿胀、寒邪食积所致的胸腹胀满急痛、大便不通、泄泻痢疾、水肿腹大、痰饮喘满、喉风喉痹、痈疽、恶疮疥癣。
白蜡:木犀科白蜡属植物的通称,又称梣(cén)。因树上放养白蜡虫,故取名白蜡,为固沙树种。本属约70种,主要分布于北半球温带,极少数向南延伸至热带。中国约有20余种。木材坚韧,耐水湿,制做家具、农具、胶合板等用;枝条可编筐;树皮称“秦皮”,中医用作清热药。
桑螵蛸:为螳螂科昆虫大刀螂、小刀螂或巨斧螳螂的干燥卵鞘。以上三种分别习称“团螵蛸”、“长螵蛸”及“黑螵蛸”。具有固精缩尿,补肾助阳之功效。常用于遗精滑精,遗尿尿频,小便白浊。
蜈蚣:蜈蚣为陆生节肢动物,身体由许多体节组成,每一节上均长有步足,故为多足生物。蜈蚣又名叫天龙、百脚虫、少棘蜈蚣、吴公、蝍蛆等,是一种有毒腺的、掠食性的陆生节肢动物。常见的蜈蚣有红头、青头、黑头三种。红头的背部呈红黑色,腹部现淡红色,足为淡橘红色或黄色。青头的背部和足部呈蓝色,腹部淡蓝色,体型小,长度约为红头蜈蚣的二分之一。黑头蜈蚣背部和足部呈黑色,腹淡黄色,体型更小。上述三种以红头蜈蚣最佳,体型大,产量高,性情温顺,适应性强,生长快。一般在农村较为多见,常位于潮湿的墙角、砖块下、烂树叶下、破旧潮湿的房屋中等,在夏天较为常见。蜈蚣是肉食性动物,食谱范围比较广泛,尤其喜欢捕食各种昆虫。蜈蚣有毒腺分泌毒液,本身可入药用。适宜人工饲养。《本草纲目》曰:“蜈蚣,西南处处有之,春出冬蛰,节节有足,双须岐尾。”通常身体很长,并且有许多对步足。《本草衍义》称:“蜈蚣背光黑绿色,足赤,腹下黄。”蜈蚣与蛇、蝎、壁虎、蟾蜍并称“五毒”,并位居五毒首位。
桂枝:别名:柳桂为樟科植物肉桂的干燥嫩枝。春、夏二季采收,除去叶,晒干,或切片晒干。主要功能:桂枝能发汗解肌,温经通脉,助阳化气,散寒止痛。主风寒表证;寒湿痹痛;四肢厥冷;经闭痛经;症瘕结块;胸痹;心悸;痰饮;小便不利。用于风寒感冒,脘腹冷痛,血寒经闭,关节痹痛,痰饮,水肿,心悸,奔豚。用法用量:3~9克 。主治麻疯病的“苯丙矾”其主要成分即桂油,肉桂的其它副产品如桂枝、桂子、桂丁、桂盅等都有不同的药理作用,在中药中广为应用。
枳壳: 药用来源为芸香科植物酸橙及其栽培变种的干燥未成熟果实。7月果皮尚绿时采收,自中部横切为两半,晒干或低温干燥。枳壳性苦、辛、酸、温,具有理气宽中、行滞消胀的功效,主治胸胁气滞,胀满疼痛,食积不化,痰饮内停;胃下垂,脱肛,子官脱垂等病症。
神曲: 为辣蓼、青蒿、杏仁泥、赤小豆、鲜苍耳子加入面粉或麸皮后发酵而成的曲剂。用于饮食停滞,消化不良,脘腹胀满,食欲不振,呕吐泻痢。
肉桂: 又名玉桂、牡桂、玉树、大桂、辣桂、平安树、中国桂皮,为樟科植物肉桂的干燥树皮。补元阳,暖脾胃,除积冷,通血脉。治命门火衰,肢冷脉微,亡阳虚脱,腹痛泄泻,寒疝奔豚,腰膝冷痛,经闭症瘕,阴疽,流注,及虚阳浮越,上热下寒。
本发明的药物中各原料配伍不存在配伍禁忌,能明显降低鸭瘟的发生率,对鸭瘟有很好的预防和治疗作用,并且无毒副作用,使用安全,无有害药物残留。
本发明的药物使用方法每次喂养时,每500公斤饲料,称取2500-3000克治疗和预防鸭瘟的药物,再将该药物用适量的水对调好,然后加入饲料中,拌均,立即喂养,每天早晚各喂养一次,10天为一个疗程,可以每隔20天喂养本药物一个疗程。
为了更清楚地说明本发明,列举以下实施例,但其对发明的范围无任何限制。
具体实施方式
实施例1
称取党参300g,车前子260g,巴豆250g,白蜡100g,桑螵蛸150g,蜈蚣100g,桂枝150g,枳壳300g,神曲500g,肉桂300g,这些原料成分均为经过晒干后的质量,用超微粉碎机粉碎成150-300目,混合均匀,然后用塑料袋密封包装,制得治疗和预防鸭瘟的药物。
使用方法:每次喂养时,每500公斤调好的饲料,称取2410克本实施例防治仔鸭伤寒的药物,再将该药物用适量的水对调好,然后加入饲料中,拌均,立即喂养,每天早晚各喂养一次,10天为一个疗程,可以每隔20天喂养本药物一个疗程。
实施例2-14、对比例1-2
实施例2-12除了原料质量配比与实施例1不同外,其原料种类和制备工艺步骤及使用方法与实施例1 相同,对比例1是在实施例1的基础上去掉了桑螵蛸,对比例2是在实施例1的基础上去掉了蜈蚣,实施例1-12、对比例1-2所使用的原料及质量如下面的表1所示,下面的表1示出了实施例1-12、对比例1-2所使用的原料及质量。
表1
临床应用一:
衡阳某养鸭场,饲养的90 日龄麻鸭发病,体温升高,精神萎靡,食欲不振,口渴,垂头缩颈,羽毛松乱,翅膀下垂,两脚麻痹无力,走动困难,排绿色、灰绿色稀粪,不愿下水,流泪和眼睑水肿是鸭瘟的一个特征症状,流浆性分泌物,后变成粘性或脓性分泌物,眼睑水肿有的甚至翻出于眼眶外,翻开眼睑见到眼结膜充血或小点出血,甚至形成小溃疡。部分病鸭的头颈部肿胀,鼻分泌物增多、粘稠,叫声嘶哑,呼吸困难,有的衰竭死亡。剖检可见败血症的病变,还可见到食道粘膜有纵横排列的灰黄色假膜覆盖或小出血斑点,假膜易剥离,剥离后留有溃疡斑痕。泄殖腔粘膜表面覆盖一层灰褐的坏死痂,粘着很牢固,不易剥离,粘膜上有出血斑点和水肿;肝脏有少数坏死点中间有小点出血,或其外周有环状出血。通过临床和实验室诊断判定为鸭瘟。选600 只病鸭,将病鸭随机分为15组,每组40只,分别以实施例1-12、对比例1-2所制药物和阿莫西林加金刚乙胺(对照组)进行治疗,用药10 天后,使用本发明所制药物治疗的鸭群90%以上恢复健康,阿莫西林加金刚乙胺治疗组治疗的鸭群70%恢复健康,结果如表2 :
表2
由表2 可以看出,本发明的药物对鸭瘟有显著的治疗效果, 治愈率高于阿莫西林加金刚乙胺治疗组。
临床应用二:
为了证明本发明对鸭的饲喂效果,在疫情发生的鸭场进行多次试饲喂试验,选取大型养鸭场600只仔鸭,体重大小、健康状况基本一致,随机分成15组,每组40 只。其中14组为实验组,分别饲喂实施例1-12、对比例1-2 所述药物配成的饲料,每天两次,连续10 天,隔20天喂养本药物一个疗程。另一组为对照组,饲喂不加药物的相同饲料,15组仔鸭的喂养次数、喂养量、喂养时间均相同。对比15组仔鸭的各种性能指标,平均值如表3。
40天后,15组仔鸭情况如表3 :
表3
从表中可以很明显的看出, 实验组仔鸭在连续喂食本发明提供的饲料后,增重较对照组增加明显,且实验组仔鸭较对照组食欲旺盛,活力强,状态好,无鸭瘟疾病发生。
所以本发明不局限于作为鸭瘟的防治药物,只要是原料配方与本发明相同或者等同的药物就落在本发明的保护范围之内。将与本发明的防治鸭瘟的防治药物相同配方的原料制成任何一种中药制剂也落在本发明的保护范围之内,即只要原料配方与本发明相同的药物就落在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (9)
1.一种治疗和预防鸭瘟的药物,其特征在于由下列质量份配比的原料药制成:党参290-315份、车前子230-275份、巴豆220-270份、白蜡80-120份、桑螵蛸135-170份、蜈蚣85-130份、桂枝125-160份、枳壳270-325份、神曲460-520份、肉桂260-310份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的治疗和预防鸭瘟的药物,其特征在于党参290-310份、车前子230-270份、巴豆230-270份、白蜡90-120份、桑螵蛸140-170份、蜈蚣90-130份、桂枝130-160份、枳壳270-320份、神曲470-520份、肉桂270-310份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的治疗和预防鸭瘟的药物,其特征在于党参295-310份、车前子230-260份、巴豆240-270份、白蜡90-115份、桑螵蛸145-170份、蜈蚣90-125份、桂枝135-160份、枳壳270-310份、神曲480-520份、肉桂280-310份。
4.根据权利要求1所述的治疗和预防鸭瘟的药物,其特征在于党参295-305份、车前子235-260份、巴豆240-265份、白蜡90-110份、桑螵蛸150-170份、蜈蚣90-120份、桂枝140-160份、枳壳270-300份、神曲490-520份、肉桂285-310份。
5.根据权利要求1所述的治疗和预防鸭瘟的药物,其特征在于党参300-305份、车前子250-260份、巴豆240-260份、白蜡90-100份、桑螵蛸150-160份、蜈蚣90-110份、桂枝145-160份、枳壳280-300份、神曲490-510份、肉桂295-310份。
6.根据权利要求1所述的治疗和预防鸭瘟的药物,其特征在于党参300份、车前子260份、巴豆250份、白蜡100份、桑螵蛸150份、蜈蚣100份、桂枝150份、枳壳300份、神曲500份、肉桂300份。
7.根据权利要求1所述治疗和预防鸭瘟的药物的制备方法,其特征在于其主要包括如下步骤:
一、称取原料药;
二、将称得的原料药粉碎,混合均匀,得到治疗和预防鸭瘟的药物。
8.根据权利要求7所述治疗和预防鸭瘟的药物的制备方法,其特征在于步骤二原料粉碎后,过300目筛。
9.根据权利要求7所述的治疗和预防鸭瘟的药物的制备方法,其特征在于步骤二原料粉碎后,过200目筛。
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