CN106727737B - Method for shelling ganoderma lucidum spore powder with improved efficacy - Google Patents
Method for shelling ganoderma lucidum spore powder with improved efficacy Download PDFInfo
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- MIJYXULNPSFWEK-GTOFXWBISA-N 3beta-hydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid Chemical compound C1C[C@H](O)C(C)(C)[C@@H]2CC[C@@]3(C)[C@]4(C)CC[C@@]5(C(O)=O)CCC(C)(C)C[C@H]5C4=CC[C@@H]3[C@]21C MIJYXULNPSFWEK-GTOFXWBISA-N 0.000 description 3
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- MIJYXULNPSFWEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleanolinsaeure Natural products C1CC(O)C(C)(C)C2CCC3(C)C4(C)CCC5(C(O)=O)CCC(C)(C)CC5C4=CCC3C21C MIJYXULNPSFWEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- HZLWUYJLOIAQFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N prosapogenin PS-A Natural products C12CC(C)(C)CCC2(C(O)=O)CCC(C2(CCC3C4(C)C)C)(C)C1=CCC2C3(C)CCC4OC1OCC(O)C(O)C1O HZLWUYJLOIAQFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000013558 reference substance Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 229920002101 Chitin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 238000001727 in vivo Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 2
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- 201000006549 dyspepsia Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N furfural Chemical class O=CC1=CC=CO1 HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
- A61K36/06—Fungi, e.g. yeasts
- A61K36/07—Basidiomycota, e.g. Cryptococcus
- A61K36/074—Ganoderma
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K2236/00—Isolation or extraction methods of medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicine
- A61K2236/10—Preparation or pretreatment of starting material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K2236/00—Isolation or extraction methods of medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicine
- A61K2236/10—Preparation or pretreatment of starting material
- A61K2236/15—Preparation or pretreatment of starting material involving mechanical treatment, e.g. chopping up, cutting or grinding
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K2236/00—Isolation or extraction methods of medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicine
- A61K2236/10—Preparation or pretreatment of starting material
- A61K2236/17—Preparation or pretreatment of starting material involving drying, e.g. sun-drying or wilting
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Natural Medicines & Medicinal Plants (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Alternative & Traditional Medicine (AREA)
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- Botany (AREA)
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- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
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- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
- Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of Chinese herbal medicine processing, and particularly relates to a method for shelling ganoderma lucidum spore powder with improved efficacy. The invention removes the part or the whole of the double-wall structure (namely the shell) of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder, is beneficial to fully releasing the active ingredients and absorbing the active ingredients by the human body, and avoids the side effect of the hard-to-digest shell on patients with digestive tract diseases; the ganoderma lucidum spore powder is subjected to multiple grinding, so that the release of effective components in the ganoderma lucidum spore powder is facilitated, the extraction of the effective components in the outer wall of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder is facilitated, and the content of polysaccharide and triterpene is increased.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of Chinese herbal medicine processing, and particularly relates to a method for shelling ganoderma lucidum spore powder with improved efficacy.
Background
Ganoderma (Ganoderma lucidum) is a wide-spectrum medicinal fungus in Polyporaceae of Basidiomycetes. Wherein the Ganoderma spore is brown and oval, and has double-wall structure. From the perspective of cell structure, the double-walled structure is made of chitin and glucose, and is tough and tough, so that the dissolution of effective components is hindered, and the absorption in vivo is influenced. Therefore, most of the products adopt different wall breaking processes to crush the spore wall so as to improve the in vivo bioavailability of the active ingredients and enhance the treatment effect. However, chitin is still mixed with the effective components in the wall after wall breaking, and the polysaccharide and triterpene contents of the final product are influenced. In the existing wall-breaking method of ganoderma lucidum spore powder, the content of polysaccharide and triterpene in the prepared ganoderma lucidum spore powder is only 1.5-1.8%. In addition, especially for some patients with digestive tract diseases, after taking the wall-broken ganoderma lucidum spore powder in a large amount, shells of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder are difficult to digest, so that dyspepsia and even negative effects on eating are caused.
Therefore, there is a need for a method for removing the double-walled structure of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder (i.e., shelling), which can increase the yield of shelled Ganoderma lucidum spore powder and increase the content of polysaccharides and triterpenes therein.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for shelling ganoderma lucidum spore powder with improved efficacy, which comprises the steps of grinding a wall-broken ganoderma lucidum spore powder raw material, diluting with water, centrifugally separating shell meat, shelling, concentrating, spray drying and the like to obtain the shelled ganoderma lucidum spore powder. The product of the invention has high meat quality and high polysaccharide and triterpene content.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a shelling method of ganoderma lucidum spore powder with improved efficacy comprises the following steps: grinding and separating the ganoderma lucidum spore powder raw material, and performing spray drying to obtain the shelled ganoderma lucidum spore powder.
Further, the grinding and separating step comprises the following sub-steps:
the first stage grinding and separating comprises the following steps:
uniformly mixing the ganoderma lucidum spore powder raw material with water, and grinding to obtain a product after primary grinding; centrifuging the product after the first-stage grinding to obtain supernatant and precipitate; then filtering the supernatant, and reserving filtrate;
the second stage grinding and separating comprises the following steps:
and uniformly mixing the precipitate with water, grinding, filtering and retaining the filtrate.
Further, in the first-stage grinding and separating step, the weight ratio of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder raw material to water is 1: (3-6); the grinding treatment adopts a nano-grade colloid mill, grinding is carried out to above 850 meshes, and grinding is carried out for 1-4 times; the rotation speed of the centrifugal treatment is 4000-10000rpm, and the time is 10-40 min; the filtering treatment adopts a filter screen with 800-1000 meshes.
Further, in the second stage grinding separation substep, the weight ratio of the precipitate to water is 1: (3-6); the grinding treatment adopts a nano-grade colloid mill, grinding is carried out to above 850 meshes, and grinding is carried out for 1-4 times; the filtering treatment adopts a filter screen with 800-1000 meshes.
Further, the spray drying step comprises: and combining the filtrates obtained in the first-stage grinding and separating step and the second-stage grinding and separating step, and then carrying out concentration treatment and spray drying treatment to obtain the shell-removed ganoderma lucidum spore powder.
Further, the concentration treatment is carried out under vacuum at 70-85 ℃ and concentrated to the original volume of (1/2) - (2/3); the temperature of the spray drying nozzle is 120-130 ℃.
Further, the preparation method of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder raw material comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing the ganoderma lucidum spore powder and specific gravity water to obtain a mixture; then carrying out precipitation treatment on the mixture to obtain a layered mixture; taking the middle layer of the layered mixture; concentrating the middle layer to obtain a concentrated product; the concentrated product is used as the raw material of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder.
Further, the weight ratio of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder to the specific gravity water is 1: (6-11); the specific gravity water is a sodium chloride solution with the mass percentage of 10-30%; the time of the precipitation treatment is 2-10 minutes; the concentration treatment was carried out under vacuum at a temperature of 70-85 ℃ and the volume of the concentrated product was (1/2) - (2/3) in the original volume.
Further, the preparation method of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder raw material also comprises the following steps:
and drying the concentrated product to obtain the ganoderma lucidum spore powder raw material.
Further, the temperature of the drying treatment is 60-90 ℃.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention removes the part or the whole of the double-wall structure (shell) of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder, is beneficial to fully releasing the active ingredients and absorbing the active ingredients by the human body, and avoids the side effect of the hard-to-digest shell on patients with digestive tract diseases.
2. According to the invention, the ganoderma lucidum spore powder is subjected to multiple grinding, so that the release of effective components in the ganoderma lucidum spore powder is facilitated, the extraction of the effective components in the outer wall of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder is facilitated, and the content of polysaccharide and triterpene is increased.
3. According to the invention, no other new reagent is basically introduced except deionized water in the steps of wall breaking and shelling, so that the high purity of the wall-broken ganoderma lucidum spore powder can be ensured.
4. The steps and parameters of the invention act synergistically to improve the yield of ganoderma lucidum spore powder raw material processing and the content of polysaccharide and triterpene.
5. The invention has simple operation and low production cost, and is beneficial to wide application.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a shelling method of ganoderma lucidum spore powder for improving efficacy, which comprises the following steps:
step one, precipitation and concentration:
collecting Ganoderma spore powder, and adding specific gravity water (sodium chloride solution, with mass concentration of 10-30% (preferably 20%)) into the Ganoderma spore powder, wherein the weight ratio of Ganoderma spore powder to specific gravity water is 1: (6-11) (preferably 1:7), and mixing uniformly to obtain a mixture; precipitating the mixture at room temperature for 2-10 min (preferably 5 min) to obtain a layered mixture; in the layered mixture, the upper layer is shrivelled grains of ganoderma lucidum spore powder, the middle layer is grains of ganoderma lucidum spore powder, and the lower layer is impurities such as silt; removing the upper layer and the lower layer, and taking the middle layer of the mixture;
concentrating the Ganoderma spore powder material in the middle layer to obtain concentrated product, and grinding as Ganoderma spore powder material; the concentration treatment is carried out under vacuum at a temperature of 70-85 ℃ and concentrated to the original volume of (1/2) - (2/3);
the concentrated product can also be dried at 60-90 deg.C to water content of above 5% (preferably 6-9%), and used as Ganoderma spore powder for further grinding.
Illustratively, the weight ratio of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder to the specific gravity water can be 1: 6. 1: 7. 1: 7.5, 1: 8. any value or range between any two of 1:10, 1:11, etc., the precipitation time may be any value or range between any two of 2min, 5min, 8min, 10min, etc., the concentration temperature may be any value or range between any two of 70 ℃, 75 ℃, 80 ℃, 85 ℃, etc., and the concentrated volume may be any value or range between any two of 1/2, 3/5, 2/3, etc., of the original volume.
Step two, grinding and separating:
step one, first-stage grinding and separating:
mixing the ganoderma lucidum spore powder raw material and deionized water according to the weight ratio of 1: (3-6) (preferably 1:4), uniformly mixing, and grinding for 1-4 times (preferably 2 times) by using a nano-scale colloid mill to obtain a product after primary grinding, wherein the grinding is carried out for more than 850 meshes; centrifuging the product after the first-stage grinding at room temperature and rotation speed of 4000-10000rpm (preferably 5800rpm) for 10-40min, and respectively retaining the obtained supernatant and precipitate; and filtering the supernatant by using a filter screen of 800-1000 meshes (preferably 800 meshes), and then retaining the filtrate.
Illustratively, the weight ratio of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder raw material to deionized water can be 1: 3. 1: 4. 1: 5. 1:6, 3, 4, etc., the centrifugation speed may be any value of 4000rpm, 5000rpm, 6000rpm, 8000rpm, 10000rpm, etc., or any range therebetween, the centrifugation time may be any value of 10min, 20min, 30min, 40min, etc., or any range therebetween, and the mesh number of the filter may be any value of 800, 850, 900, 950, 1000, etc., or any range therebetween.
Step two, second-stage grinding and separation:
mixing the precipitate and deionized water according to the weight ratio of 1: (3-6) (preferably 1:6), uniformly mixing, grinding again by using a nano-scale colloid mill for 1-4 times (preferably 2 times) to reach above 850 meshes to obtain a product after secondary grinding; then the product after the second stage of grinding is filtered by a filter screen with 800-1000 meshes (preferably 800 meshes), and the filtrate is reserved.
For example, the weight ratio of the precipitate to deionized water may be 1: 3. 1: 4. 1: 5. 1:6, etc., the number of passes of the above-mentioned polishing may be 2, 3, 4, etc., or any range therebetween, and the mesh number of the above-mentioned screen may be 800, 850, 900, 950, 1000, etc., or any range therebetween.
The nano colloid mill is preferably an IKN CMS2000 type nano colloid mill, preferably available from Shanghai Eken mechanical Equipment, Inc.
Step three, spray drying:
mixing the filtrates (aqueous solution of Ganoderma spore powder content) obtained by the above two-stage grinding, concentrating under vacuum at 70-85 deg.C (preferably 80 deg.C) to obtain concentrated solution (1/2) - (2/3) (preferably 1/2), and spray drying at nozzle temperature of 120-.
The concentration treatment preferably employs a vacuum concentration tank.
Illustratively, the concentration temperature may be any value or a range between any two of 70 ℃, 75 ℃, 80 ℃, 85 ℃ and the like, the concentrated solution may be any value or a range between any two of 1/2, 3/5, 2/3 and the like to the original volume, and the spray drying nozzle temperature may be any value or a range between any two of 120 ℃, 123 ℃, 125 ℃, 128 ℃, 130 ℃ and the like.
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples. It should be understood that these examples are only for the purpose of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. It should be understood that various changes and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art after reading the disclosure of the present invention, and equivalents fall within the scope of the appended claims.
Example 1
The shelling method of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder sequentially comprises the following steps of:
(1) collecting Ganoderma spore powder.
(2) Adding specific gravity water into the ganoderma lucidum spore powder, wherein the weight ratio of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder to the specific gravity water (25% sodium chloride solution) is 1: 8, uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture; then carrying out precipitation treatment on the mixture at room temperature for 5 minutes to obtain a layered mixture, and taking the middle layer; concentrating the intermediate layer at 80 deg.C under vacuum to 3/5 of original volume as Ganoderma spore powder.
(3) Mixing the ganoderma lucidum spore powder raw material and deionized water according to the weight ratio of 1: and 6, uniformly mixing, and grinding for 2 times to over 850 meshes by adopting a nano-scale colloid mill to obtain a product after primary grinding.
(4) Centrifuging the product after the first stage grinding at the room temperature and the rotation speed of 5800rpm for 30min, and respectively retaining the obtained supernatant and precipitate.
(5) Taking the supernatant, filtering by adopting a filter screen of 800 meshes, and then reserving the filtrate.
(6) Taking the precipitate, and mixing with deionized water according to the weight ratio of 1: and 6, uniformly mixing, and grinding for 2 times to above 850 meshes by adopting a nano-scale colloid mill to obtain a product after secondary grinding.
(7) And filtering the product after the second-stage grinding by using a 800-mesh filter screen, and reserving the filtrate.
(8) And (5) combining the filtrates obtained in the steps (5) and (7), wherein the filtrate is the aqueous solution of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder content.
(9) Concentration was carried out at 80 ℃ under vacuum to give a concentrate of 3/5.
(10) Spray drying the concentrated solution at 125 deg.C to obtain hulled Ganoderma spore powder.
(11) Packaging the shelled ganoderma spore powder with aluminum foil bags, and storing in storage.
The yield of the shell-removed ganoderma lucidum spore powder is 15-20% under the premise that the polysaccharide content is 4.2-4.5% and the triterpene content is 5-5.8%.
Example 2
The shelling method of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder sequentially comprises the following steps of:
(1) collecting Ganoderma spore powder.
(2) Adding specific gravity water into the ganoderma lucidum spore powder, wherein the weight ratio of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder to the specific gravity water (10% sodium chloride solution) is 1:10, uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture; then carrying out precipitation treatment on the mixture at room temperature for 5 minutes to obtain a layered mixture, and taking the middle layer; concentrating the intermediate layer at 70 deg.C under vacuum to 1/2 to obtain Ganoderma spore powder.
(3) Mixing the ganoderma lucidum spore powder raw material and deionized water according to the weight ratio of 1: 3, uniformly mixing, and grinding for 4 times by using a nano-scale colloid mill to reach more than 850 meshes to obtain a product after primary grinding.
(4) Centrifuging the product after the first-stage grinding at the room temperature and the rotation speed of 4000rpm for 40min, and respectively retaining the obtained supernatant and precipitate.
(5) Taking the supernatant, filtering by a 1000-mesh filter screen, and keeping the filtrate.
(6) Taking the precipitate, and mixing with deionized water according to the weight ratio of 1: 3, uniformly mixing, and grinding for 2 times by using a nano-scale colloid mill to reach more than 850 meshes to obtain a product after secondary grinding.
(7) And filtering the product after the second-stage grinding by using a 1000-mesh filter screen, and reserving the filtrate.
(8) And (5) combining the filtrates obtained in the steps (5) and (7), wherein the filtrate is the aqueous solution of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder content.
(9) Concentration was carried out at 70 ℃ under vacuum to give a concentrate of 1/2.
(10) Spray drying the concentrated solution at 120 deg.C to obtain hulled Ganoderma spore powder.
(11) Packaging the shelled ganoderma spore powder with aluminum foil bags, and storing in storage.
The yield of the shell-removed ganoderma lucidum spore powder is 15-20% under the premise that the polysaccharide content is 4.2-4.5% and the triterpene content is 5-5.8%.
Example 3
The shelling method of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder sequentially comprises the following steps of:
(1) collecting Ganoderma spore powder.
(2) Adding specific gravity water into the ganoderma lucidum spore powder, wherein the weight ratio of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder to the specific gravity water (25% sodium chloride solution) is 1:11, uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture; then carrying out precipitation treatment on the mixture at room temperature for 10 minutes to obtain a layered mixture, and taking the middle layer; concentrating the intermediate layer at 85 deg.C under vacuum to 2/3 of original volume as Ganoderma spore powder.
(3) Mixing the ganoderma lucidum spore powder raw material and deionized water according to the weight ratio of 1:4, uniformly mixing, and grinding for 3 times by using a nano-scale colloid mill to reach more than 850 meshes to obtain a product after primary grinding.
(4) Centrifuging the product after the first-stage grinding at room temperature and rotation speed of 10000rpm for 10min, and respectively retaining the obtained supernatant and precipitate.
(5) Taking the supernatant, filtering by a 900-mesh filter screen, and keeping the filtrate.
(6) Taking the precipitate, and mixing with deionized water according to the weight ratio of 1:4, uniformly mixing, and grinding for 2 times by using a nano-scale colloid mill to reach more than 850 meshes to obtain a product after secondary grinding.
(7) And filtering the product after the second-stage grinding by using a 1000-mesh filter screen, and reserving the filtrate.
(8) And (5) combining the filtrates obtained in the steps (5) and (7), wherein the filtrate is the aqueous solution of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder content.
(9) Concentration was carried out at 85 ℃ under vacuum to give a concentrate of 2/3.
(10) Spray drying the concentrated solution at 130 deg.C to obtain hulled Ganoderma spore powder.
(11) Packaging the shelled ganoderma spore powder with aluminum foil bags, and storing in storage.
The yield of the shell-removed ganoderma lucidum spore powder is 15-20% under the premise that the polysaccharide content is 4.2-4.5% and the triterpene content is 5-5.8%.
Test example:
the test example is to examine the yield, polysaccharide content and triterpene content of the sporoderm-removed ganoderma lucidum spore powder in the examples 1-3 of the invention.
In examples 1-3, the yield of the spore powder of Ganoderma lucidum is 15-20% under the premise that the polysaccharide content is 4.2-4.5% and the triterpene content is 5-5.8%.
The calculation method of the yield comprises the following steps: (weight of the shelled ganoderma lucidum spore powder obtained after spray drying in step (10)/weight of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder collected in step (1) × 100%
(II) the method for measuring the content of the polysaccharide comprises the following steps:
a.1, method summary:
the phenol-sulfuric acid method is to hydrolyze polysaccharide into monosaccharide under the action of sulfuric acid, and dehydrate rapidly to generate furfural derivative, which is condensed with phenol to form colored compound. The polysaccharide content is determined spectrophotometrically at a suitable wavelength.
A.2, instrument:
(1) a centrifuge: 3000r/min, (2)50ml, 100ml volumetric flask, 10ml centrifuge tube, 10ml glass tube with stopper, (3) spectrophotometer, (4) water bath, (5) electric heating plate, (6) one hundred thousandth electronic balance.
A.3, reagent: (1) anhydrous glucose, (2) phenol, (3) sulfuric acid, and (4) anhydrous ethanol.
A.4, a measuring step:
(1) control solution: taking about 80mg of glucose dried to constant weight at 105 ℃, precisely weighing, placing in a 100ml measuring flask, adding water to dissolve, diluting to scale, and shaking up to obtain the final product (about 0.7mg of anhydrous glucose is contained in each 1 ml).
(2) Preparation of a standard curve: precisely measuring the control solution 0.0ml.1.0ml, 1.5ml, 2.0ml, 2.5ml, 3.0ml, 3.5ml and 4.0ml, respectively placing in a 50ml measuring flask, adding water to the scale, and shaking. Precisely measuring 2ml of each solution, placing the solution in a test tube with a plug, respectively adding 1ml of newly prepared 4% phenol solution, uniformly mixing, quickly adding 7.0ml of sulfuric acid, and shaking up. Keeping the temperature in a water bath at 40 ℃ for 30 minutes, taking out, placing in an ice water bath for 5 minutes, taking out, taking the first part as a blank, measuring the absorbance at the wavelength of 485nm according to an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry (appendix IVA of the 2010 version of Chinese pharmacopoeia, part I), and drawing a standard curve by taking the absorbance as a vertical coordinate and the concentration as a horizontal coordinate.
(3) The determination method comprises the following steps: taking about 0.3g of the product, precisely weighing, placing in a round-bottom flask, precisely adding 50ml of water, weighing, heating and refluxing for 3 hours, cooling, weighing again, supplementing the weight loss by water, shaking up, centrifuging for 15 minutes (3000 r/min), precisely measuring 2ml of supernatant, adding 8ml of absolute ethyl alcohol, stirring, centrifuging for 15 minutes (3000 r/min), taking precipitate, adding water for dissolving, placing in a 100ml measuring flask, diluting to scale, shaking up, precisely measuring 2ml, measuring absorbance by the method under the preparation item of a standard curve from the point of adding 1ml of freshly prepared 4% phenol solution, reading out the weight (mu g) of polysaccharide in the solution of a sample from the standard curve, and calculating to obtain the polysaccharide.
A.5, calculating:
in the formula: a-the content of water-soluble polysaccharide in each 100 g of sample; cx-is the concentration of polysaccharide in the test sample (ug/ml); w is the weight (g) of the test sample.
(III) the method for measuring the content of the triterpene is as follows:
(1) preparing a reference substance solution: taking a proper amount of oleanolic acid reference substance, precisely weighing, and adding methanol to obtain a solution containing 0.2mg per 1 ml;
(2) drawing a standard curve: precisely measuring reference substance solutions 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5ml, respectively placing in 15ml test tubes with plugs, volatilizing, cooling, precisely adding a newly prepared vanillin glacial acetic acid solution (precisely weighing 0.5g of vanillin, adding glacial acetic acid to dissolve into 100ml to obtain) 0.2ml and 0.8ml of perchloric acid, shaking uniformly, heating in a 70 ℃ water bath for 15 min, immediately placing in an ice bath for cooling for 5min, taking out, precisely adding ethyl acetate 4ml, shaking uniformly, taking corresponding reagents as blanks, measuring absorbance at 546nm wavelength according to an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry (appendix VA of 2010 edition pharmacopoeia), and drawing a standard curve by taking the absorbance as a vertical coordinate and the concentration as a horizontal coordinate;
(3) preparing a solution to be detected: filtering an aqueous solution of shelled ganoderma lucidum spore powder (precisely weighing the shelled ganoderma lucidum spore powder and preparing the shelled ganoderma lucidum spore powder into a 5% aqueous solution by using distilled water), placing the filtrate into a 100ml volumetric flask, respectively washing a filter and filter residues by using a proper amount of distilled water, merging the washing solution into the volumetric flask, adding ethanol to the scales, shaking up, precisely weighing 0.2ml, placing the solution into a 15ml test tube with a plug, evaporating to dryness, cooling, precisely adding newly prepared vanillin glacial acetic acid (precisely weighing 0.5g of vanillin, adding glacial acetic acid to dissolve into 10 ml), shaking up, heating in a 70 ℃ water bath for 15 minutes, taking out, immediately placing in an ice bath for cooling for 5 minutes, taking out, precisely adding 4ml of ethyl acetate, and shaking up to obtain a solution to be detected;
(4) determination of triterpene content: precisely measuring 0.2ml of water, placing the water in a 15ml test tube with a plug, evaporating to dryness, cooling, precisely adding 0.2ml of newly prepared vanillin glacial acetic acid (precisely weighing 0.5g of vanillin, and adding glacial acetic acid to dissolve into 10 ml) and 0.8ml of perchloric acid, shaking up, heating in a 70 ℃ water bath for 15 minutes, taking out, immediately placing in an ice bath for cooling for 5 minutes, taking out, and precisely adding 4ml of ethyl acetate to obtain a blank reference solution; and (3) taking the blank control solution as a blank, and measuring the absorbance of the solution to be measured at the wavelength of 546nm according to an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry. And reading the oleanolic acid content of the solution to be detected according to the standard curve, wherein the triterpene content is calculated according to the oleanolic acid.
Claims (5)
1. A method for shelling ganoderma lucidum spore powder with improved efficacy is characterized by comprising the following steps: the shelling method comprises the following steps: grinding and separating the ganoderma lucidum spore powder raw material, and performing spray drying to obtain the shelled ganoderma lucidum spore powder;
the grinding and separating step comprises:
the first stage grinding and separating comprises the following steps:
uniformly mixing the ganoderma lucidum spore powder raw material with water, and grinding to obtain a product after primary grinding; centrifuging the product after the first-stage grinding to obtain supernatant and precipitate; then filtering the supernatant, and reserving filtrate;
the second stage grinding and separating comprises the following steps:
and uniformly mixing the precipitate with water, grinding, filtering and retaining the filtrate.
The grinding treatment adopts a nano-scale colloid mill;
the spray drying step comprises:
mixing the filtrates obtained in the first stage grinding and separating step and the second stage grinding and separating step, and concentrating and spray drying to obtain shelled ganoderma spore powder;
in the first-stage grinding and separating step, the weight ratio of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder raw material to water is 1: (3-6);
the grinding treatment adopts a nano-grade colloid mill, grinding is carried out to above 850 meshes, and grinding is carried out for 1-4 times;
the rotation speed of the centrifugal treatment is 4000-10000rpm, and the time is 10-40 min;
the filtering treatment adopts a filter screen with 800-1000 meshes;
in the second stage grinding and separating step, the weight ratio of the precipitate to water is 1: (3-6);
the grinding treatment adopts a nano-grade colloid mill, grinding is carried out to above 850 meshes, and grinding is carried out for 1-4 times;
the filtering treatment adopts a filter screen with 800-1000 meshes.
2. The shelling process as defined in claim 1, wherein:
the concentration treatment is carried out under vacuum at the temperature of 70-85 ℃, and the concentration is carried out to the original volume of (1/2) - (2/3);
the temperature of the spray drying nozzle is 120-130 ℃.
3. The shelling process as defined in claim 1, wherein: the preparation method of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder raw material comprises the following steps:
uniformly mixing the ganoderma lucidum spore powder and specific gravity water to obtain a mixture; then carrying out precipitation treatment on the mixture to obtain a layered mixture; taking the middle layer of the layered mixture; concentrating the middle layer to obtain a concentrated product; the concentrated product is used as a raw material of ganoderma lucidum spore powder;
the weight ratio of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder to the specific gravity water is 1: (6-8); the specific gravity water is a sodium chloride solution with the mass percentage of 10-30%; the time of the precipitation treatment is 2-10 minutes; the concentration treatment was carried out under vacuum at a temperature of 70-85 ℃ and the volume of the concentrated product was (1/2) - (2/3) in the original volume.
4. The shelling process as defined in claim 3, wherein: the preparation method of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder raw material also comprises the following steps:
and drying the concentrated product to obtain the ganoderma lucidum spore powder raw material.
5. The shelling process as defined in claim 4, wherein: the temperature of the drying treatment is 60-90 ℃.
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| CN104840492A (en) * | 2014-02-14 | 2015-08-19 | 信阳农林学院 | Colloid mill crushing and spray drying combined wall breaking technology of Mythic Fungus spore powder |
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