CN106719668A - A kind of bactericidal composition of the Evil bacterium azoles of Lv containing Er and kasugarnycin - Google Patents
A kind of bactericidal composition of the Evil bacterium azoles of Lv containing Er and kasugarnycin Download PDFInfo
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- CN106719668A CN106719668A CN201710069697.1A CN201710069697A CN106719668A CN 106719668 A CN106719668 A CN 106719668A CN 201710069697 A CN201710069697 A CN 201710069697A CN 106719668 A CN106719668 A CN 106719668A
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- kasugarnycin
- bacterium azoles
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
- A01N43/14—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings
- A01N43/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings with oxygen as the ring hetero atom
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/72—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/82—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms five-membered rings with three ring hetero atoms
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- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of bactericidal composition comprising Er Lv Evil bacterium azoles and kasugarnycin, two kinds of weight ratios of active ingredient are 1 90:90 1, the weight percentage of active ingredient is 5 80%, preferably 10 70% in bactericide, and remaining is the auxiliary agent and carrier of permission in agricultural chemicals.Composition of the invention has obvious synergistic effect, can reduce Pesticide use amount, environmentally friendly safety.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of pesticide, and in particular to be sterilized group of a kind of Evil bacterium azoles of Lv containing Er and kasugarnycin
Compound.
Background technology
Er Lv Evil bacterium azoles is the Yi Zhong oxazole sulfone series bactericidal agents found by Guizhou University, and chemical name is:2- methyl sulfuryl-
5- (2,4- dichlorophenyl) -1,3,4- oxadiazoles, its molecular formula is C4H7Cl2O4P, relative molecular mass is 220.98.It is a kind of
New type bactericide, is low toxicity, the green chemical pesticide of safety, but the agricultural chemicals is not widely used also so that it is new super
More and more important effect has been given play in highly effective pesticide initiative.
Kasugarnycin by springtime streptomycete (Streptomyceskasugaensis) produced by, belong to aminoglycoside antibiosis
Element.Since the research and development, it is just widely used in agricultural to kasugarnycin in Asia and South America.It to rice blast (including
Leaf pest, rice head pest, paddy pest) etc. preventing and treating it is especially pronounced, typically can reach more than 80%.Moreover, kasugarnycin is suitable for
Thing can prevent and treat beet life tail spore, the Ma Ling on beet also including potato, cucumber, celery, sorghum, capsicum, Kidney bean, oranges and tangerines etc.
The pseudomonas on carrot soft Erwinia, Kidney bean on potato, the pseudomonas on cucumber, leaf muld of tomato, cucumber are bacillary
Angular leaf spot etc..
Er Lv Evil bacterium azoles and kasugarnycin are combined application, the composition for having synergistic effect can not only be significantly improved
Actual preventive effect, reduces dosage and use cost, additionally aids and delays the drug-fast generation of germ, can solve current agricultural chemicals list
The problems such as resistance and cost in agent application process.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of new resistance risk is small, low cost, good drug efficacy, lasting period long sterilized group
Compound.In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention is adopted the following technical scheme that:
A kind of bactericidal composition containing Er Lv Evil bacterium azoles Yu kasugarnycin, described Er Lv Evil bacterium azoles and kasugarnycin weight ratio
It is 1-50:50-1, more preferably 1-20:20-1.
Further, the percentage by weight that active component accounts for composition in the bactericidal composition is 2-80%, preferably 5-
70%。
Further, the bactericidal composition is re-dubbed the formulation allowed on agricultural chemicals with known auxiliary agent and excipient.Example
Such as can be any one in aqua, wettable powder, suspending agent, water dispersible granules.
Another object of the present invention is to provide described bactericidal composition as preventing and treating rice blast, late blight of potato medicine
The application of thing.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effects of the present invention are:The present composition possesses advantages below:One is composition
Substantially, drug effect is greatly improved for synergistic effect;Two is that composition drug effect is improved, and field rate declines, and reduces production and uses into
This, reduces residues of pesticides and environmental pollution;Three is that composition is made up of the active ingredient of different mechanism of action, and action site increases
Plus, be conducive to overcoming and delaying the drug-fast generation of germ.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, present invention specific examples below
Illustrate, but the present invention is limited to absolutely not these examples.As described below is only the present invention preferably embodiment, is used only for explaining
The present invention, but can not be therefore understands that being the limitation to the scope of the claims of the present invention.It should be pointed out that it is all it is of the invention spirit and
Any modification, equivalent or improvement for being made within principle etc., should be included within the scope of the present invention, therefore,
The protection domain of patent of the present invention should be determined by the appended claims.
First, example of formulations
1st, embodiment 1:24% Er Lv Evil bacterium azoles kasugarnycin wettable powders
18% Er Lv Evil bacterium azoles, 6% kasugarnycin, 1.5%K12,3.5% lignin, the 2% efficient suspending agent of detergent LS, 2%SA, 20%
Anhydrous sodium sulfate, 5% white carbon, kaolin supply 100%, are well mixed in addition cone-type mixer together, by air-flow crushing
Machine is crushed, and the material after crushing mixes through cone-type mixer again, and mixed fineness of materials 98% is obtained final product by 600 mesh standard sieves
The Er Lv Evil bacterium azoles kasugarnycin wettable powders of corresponding percentage by weight.
2nd, embodiment 2:27% Er Lv Evil bacterium azoles kasugarnycin aquas
20% Er Lv Evil bacterium azoles, 7% kasugarnycin, 2% AEO, 3%N- methyl pyrrolidones, 3% urea, 0.5%
OIT, deionized water supply 100%, each component is thoroughly mixed, is filtered and is obtained the two of corresponding percentage by weight
Lv Evil bacterium azoles kasugarnycin aquas.
3rd, embodiment 3:30% Er Lv Evil bacterium azoles kasugarnycin aqueous emulsions
25% Er Lv Evil bacterium azoles, 5% kasugarnycin, 15% rapeseed methylester, 4% agriculture breast 600#, 4% agriculture breast 500#, 2% agriculture breast 1602,
3% ethylene glycol, 1% xanthans, deionized water supply 100%.The raw material of above-mentioned percentage by weight is taken, first by 25% Er Lv Evil bacterium
Azoles, 5% kasugarnycin are well mixed under mechanical stirring with 15% rapeseed methylester, form oil phase;By water and 4% agriculture breast 600#, 4%
In agriculture breast 500#, 2% agriculture breast 1602,3% ethylene glycol, 1% xanthans input emulsion dispersion kettle, start stirring;Then oil phase is put into
In emulsion dispersion kettle, stir 20 ~ 100 minutes, make uniform emulsion, that is, obtain two chlorine Evil bacterium of corresponding percentage by weight
Azoles kasugarnycin aqueous emulsion.
4th, embodiment 4:33% Er Lv Evil bacterium azoles kasugarnycin suspending agents
40% Er Lv Evil bacterium azoles, 4% kasugarnycin, 2% Nekal BX(Diisobutyl sodium naphthalene sulfonate), it is 3% emulsifying agent 1600#, 2% swollen
Profit soil, 1% xanthans, 2% urea, 1% silicone oil, deionized water supply 100%, weigh active compound, the dispersion of above-mentioned formulation ratio weight
Agent, antifreezing agent, emulsifying agent, deionized water etc. are pre-mixed, and are sanded by being ground in sand mill again after being sufficiently mixed
The suspension of qualified particle diameter needed for obtaining afterwards, it is accordingly to be weighed after high-speed shearing machine mixing shearing to add thickener and defoamer
Measure the Er Lv Evil bacterium azoles kasugarnycin suspending agents of percentage.
5th, embodiment 5:42% Er Lv Evil bacterium azoles kasugamycin water-dispersion granules
40% Er Lv Evil bacterium azoles, 2% kasugarnycin, 13%NNO, 10% dodecyl benzene sulfonate, 3% carboxyethyl cellulose, 15% sulphur
Sour ammonium, bentonite complement to 100%, by being well mixed in proportioning together addition cone-type mixer, are crushed by airslide disintegrating mill,
Material after crushing mixes through cone-type mixer again, and mixed fineness of materials 98% adds kneader by 400 mesh standard sieves
In be kneaded into plasticity material, this material is finally put into extruder grain in Squeezinggranulator, after granulation after drying, screening i.e.
The Er Lv Evil bacterium azoles kasugamycin water-dispersion granules of corresponding percentage by weight are obtained.
6th, embodiment 6:12% Er Lv Evil bacterium azoles kasugarnycin wettable powders
2% Er Lv Evil bacterium azoles, 10% kasugarnycin, 5% lignin, the efficient suspending agent of 6%NNO, 4%SA, 10% talcum powder, kaolin are mended
Foot is well mixed to 100% during material is added into cone-type mixer, is crushed by airslide disintegrating mill, and the material after crushing is again through cone
Shape mixer mixes, and mixed fineness of materials 98% obtains final product the Er Lv Evil bacterium of corresponding percentage by weight by 600 mesh standard sieves
Azoles kasugarnycin wettable powder.
7th, embodiment 7:11% Er Lv Evil bacterium azoles kasugarnycin suspending agents
1% Er Lv Evil bacterium azoles, 10% kasugarnycin, 5% sodium lignin sulfonate, 3% agriculture breast 600#, 1% xanthans, 3% ethylene glycol, 2%
NNO, 1% silicone oil, deionized water complement to 100%, are pre-mixed, again by being ground in sand mill after being sufficiently mixed,
The suspension of qualified particle diameter needed for being obtained after sand milling, it is to obtain phase after high-speed shearing machine mixing shearing to add thickener and defoamer
Answer the Er Lv Evil bacterium azoles kasugarnycin suspending agents of percentage by weight.
8th, embodiment 8:10.5% Er Lv Evil bacterium azoles kasugarnycin aquas
0.5% Er Lv Evil bacterium azoles, 10% kasugarnycin, 3%TX-10,4%N- methyl pyrrolidone, 2% ethylene glycol, 0.5% isothiazoline
Ketone, deionized water supply 100%, and each component is thoroughly mixed, the two chlorine Evil bacterium for obtaining corresponding percentage by weight are filtered
Azoles kasugarnycin aqua.
2nd, it is raw to survey embodiment
2.1 Toxicity Determinations
2.1.1 late blight of potato Toxicity Determination
Definite virulence of the mixture to the late blight of potato is combined with two chlorine Evil bacterium azoles in order to understand kasugarnycin, the present invention is for it
Proportioning is screened.
The late blight of potato (is isolated from Guangdong Province Lianzhou City surrounding area), and it is verified through Koch's Postulates after purifying culture
Strain is inoculated in the 6th, 7 true leaves of the potato shoot for taking from hot-house culture, with 0.05% sodium perchlorate's solution after pathogenic
Surface sterilization, then with aseptic water washing 3 times, leaf dish is immersed in horse by the leaf dish for being made leaf with the card punch of a diameter of 9mm
It is inoculated with bell potato late blight spore suspension, is placed on bottom and is placed with the small culture dish of high-temperature sterilization napkin paper, in culture dish
Enter 2ml sterilized waters, humidity is maintained at 90% or so in making culture dish, and plastic tape sealing, the photoperiod is 12h/d, 22 DEG C of culture 24h
Afterwards, it is 4 to add 50 microlitres to set the two weight proportion with micropipettor:5,1:1,5:1,10:1,20:1,1:5,1:10,1:
20, and each single dose totally 10 kinds of medicament suspension, 0.3% polysorbas20 is added in control culture dish, sampled every 10h after treatment,
Each 3 leaf dish for the treatment of.The germination rate and Hyphal length of spore are observed under microscope (10*40).During observation, each is processed
5 visuals field of the random microscopy of leaf dish, the length and the sum of spore of mycelia, calculate spore germination rate in 5 visuals field of meter record.Treatment 4d
Afterwards, under observation different disposal in leaf dish mycelial growth state, record result.Calculate inhibiting rate according to the following equation, and by
DPS Software of Data Statistics calculates each chemicals treatment virulence regression equation, coefficient correlation, EC50And compounding co-toxicity coefficient, it is determined that
Mixture it is building performance, circular is as follows:
A certain single dose is as standard agent with mixture(Generally select EC50Junior), calculated:
Single dose toxicity index=standard agent EC50/ certain single dose EC50×100
Toxicity index × the B of the toxicity index of theoretical toxicity index=A single doses × A single doses institute's accounting row+B single doses in mixture is mono-
Agent is in mixture institute accounting row
Survey the EC of toxicity index=standard single dose50The EC of value/mixture50Value × 100
Co-toxicity coefficient=actual measurement toxicity index/theoretical toxicity index × 100
Co-toxicity coefficient is classified:Mixture has synergetic when CTC is more than 120, is antagonism when CTC is less than 80, and CTC is 80 ~ 120
Between be summation action.
Use Er Lv Evil bacterium azoles (A) and kasugarnycin (B) with different ratio to the indoor biometricses of the late blight of potato in table 1
Experiment,
As can be seen from Table 1, the late blight of potato, quality are prevented and treated with different ratio with Er Lv Evil bacterium azoles (A) and kasugarnycin (B)
Than 20:1-1:When between 20, co-toxicity coefficient more than 120.68, with synergistic effect;I.e. the present composition has preferable
Synergetic, its effect is better than single dose kind.
2.1.2 rice blast Toxicity Determination
Combine definite virulence of the mixture to rice blast with two chlorine Evil bacterium azoles to understand kasugarnycin, the present invention matched for it into
Screening is gone.
Rice blast (is isolated from Guangdong Province Lianzhou City surrounding area), verifies that its is pathogenic through Koch's Postulates after purifying culture
Afterwards, method is suppressed using mycelial growth rate, determines the virulence of kasugarnycin and Er Lv Evil bacterium azoles compositions to Pyricularia oryzae.Medicament
The preparation of series concentration is carried out under aseptic technique, and every kind of medicament is configured into 10.000,5.000,2.5000,1.250
With 0.625g/L totally 5 mother liquors of concentration gradient.Aseptically, by sterilizing PDA culture medium (potato 200g, agar
15g, glucose 20g, plus deionized water 1000ml, pH nature, without adjustment) melted in advance;Then to having melted
Each medicine series concentration liquid 5ml is added in 45mlPDA culture mediums (40~50 DEG C), is fully shaken up, be poured into after mixing and gone out
In culture dish after bacterium, 3 repetitions of each concentration are made the pastille culture medium flat board of series concentration gradient, add equivalent solvent
It is blank.By cultured pathogen, aseptically with the sterilization punchers of diameter 5mm, cut from colony edge
Bacteria cake, ware lid is covered with inoculator by pure culture biscuits involvng inoculation in pastille flat board center, is placed in incubator and is cultivated, each 4 weight for the treatment of
It is multiple.
Growing state according to bacterium in blank culture dish investigates pathogen mycelial growth situation, uses kind of calliper bacterium colony
Diameter (mm), each bacterium colony is measured 2 times by crossing method, and the size of bacterium colony is represented with its average.
Inhibiting rate is calculated according to the following equation, and calculates that each chemicals treatment to virulence is returned by DPS Software of Data Statistics
Return equation, coefficient correlation, EC50And compounding co-toxicity coefficient, determining the building performance of mixture, circular is as follows:
A certain single dose is as standard agent with mixture(Generally select EC50Junior), calculated:
Single dose toxicity index=standard agent EC50/ certain single dose EC50×100
Toxicity index × the B of the toxicity index of theoretical toxicity index=A single doses × A single doses institute's accounting row+B single doses in mixture is mono-
Agent is in mixture institute accounting row
Survey the EC of toxicity index=standard single dose50The EC of value/mixture50Value × 100
Co-toxicity coefficient=actual measurement toxicity index/theoretical toxicity index × 100
Co-toxicity coefficient is classified:Mixture has synergetic when CTC is more than 120, is antagonism when CTC is less than 80, and CTC is 80 ~ 120
Between be summation action.
Er Lv Evil bacterium azoles (A) and kasugarnycin (B) is used to be tested the indoor biometricses of rice blast with different ratio in table 2,
As shown in Table 2, composition Er Lv Evil bacterium azoles of the invention and kasugarnycin weight ratio are 1-20:20-1 co-toxicity coefficients are all higher than
120, the i.e. present composition have preferable synergetic, and its effect is better than single dose kind.
2.2 field control effectiveness tests
2.2.1 late blight of potato field control effectiveness test
Test process:The difference of this experimental evidence each composition sets two dosings respectively, and dosing is active ingredient two
The quality of Lv Evil bacterium azoles (A) and kasugarnycin (B) and.Comparison medicament is respectively that 20% Er Lv Evil bacterium azole suspending agents and 2% spring thunder are mould
Plain wettable powder and blank clean water experiment.
Test method:Each plot area is 66.7m2, it is repeated 3 times;Investigation drug effect side after investigating and prevent and treat before dispenser
Method is:5 points of grab sample in test process area, severity Scaling is carried out according to national field test relevant criterion, calculates preventive effect.
Late blight of potato individual plant grade scale
0 grade:It is disease-free
1 grade:Scab is less, every plant of only 5-10 scab
2 grades:Scab is more, and the leaf incidence of disease is no more than 25%
3 grades:Plant moderate is fallen ill, and 50% blade is susceptible
4 grades:Plant is seriously fallen leaves, but not withered
5 grades:Plant is withered
Drug effect computational methods:
Result of the test see the table below:
Field efficacy result shows, as shown in Table 3, the present composition has an obvious synergistic function, composition it is anti-
Excellent effect is controlled, prevention effect is better than single dose kind, there is application value in agricultural application.
2.2.2 rice blast field control effectiveness test
Test process:The difference of this experimental evidence each composition sets two dosings respectively, and dosing is new active ingredient
The quality of product (A) and kasugarnycin (B) and.Comparison medicament is respectively that 20% Er Lv Evil bacterium azole suspending agents and 2% kasugarnycin can
WP and blank clean water experiment.
Test method:Each plot area is 66.7m2, it is repeated 3 times;Investigation drug effect side after investigating and prevent and treat before dispenser
Method is:5 points of grab sample in test process area, leaf pest every take 50 plants, and 2 leaves below every plant of investigation sword-like leave and sword-like leave are pressed
Severity Scaling is carried out according to national field test relevant criterion, preventive effect is calculated.
Leaf pest grade scale (in units of blade)
0 grade:Disease-free spot
1 grade:Scab is less than 5, and length is less than 1cm
3 grades:Scab 6~10, part scab length is more than 1cm
5 grades:Scab 11~25, part scab is linked to be piece, accounts for the 15%~25% of blade area
7 grades:Scab more than 26, scab is linked to be piece, accounts for the 26%~50% of blade area
9 grades:Scab is linked to be piece, accounts for more than the 50% of blade area
Drug effect computational methods:
Field efficacy result shows that as shown in Table 4, the present composition has obvious synergistic function, is applied for the second time
14 days preventive effects to rice blast are above 70% after medicine, hence it is evident that better than each preventive effect for compareing single dose to rice blast, preventive effect difference reaches
The pole level of signifiance (refers to table 4).The prevention effect of composition is excellent, and prevention effect is better than single dose kind, in agricultural application
With application value.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of composition pesticide, it is characterised in that active component includes Er Lv Evil bacterium azoles and kasugarnycin.
2. composition pesticide according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the weight of the Er Lv Evil bacterium azoles and kasugarnycin
Than being 1:20-20:1.
3. composition pesticide according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the weight of active component in the composition pesticide
Percentage composition is 5-70%.
4. the composition pesticide according to any one of claim 1-2 claim, it is characterised in that:The pesticide combination
Thing is aided with Pesticide formulation auxiliary element and is processed into any one formulation for being adapted to agriculturally use.
5. composition pesticide according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the formulation of the composition pesticide is wettable powder
In agent, water dispersible granules, suspending agent, aqua, aqueous emulsion it is any in.
6. the composition pesticide according to any one of claim 1-5 claim, it is characterised in that the pesticide combination
Thing also contains other agricultural active compositions.
7. the composition pesticide according to any one of claim 1-4 claim is used to prevent and kill off the purposes of corps diseases.
8. purposes according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the corps diseases are preferably the late blight of potato and rice
Seasonal febrile diseases.
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN109769844A (en) * | 2017-11-14 | 2019-05-21 | 佛山市盈辉作物科学有限公司 | The bactericidal composition of dichloro evil bacterium azoles and polyoxin |
CN109769840A (en) * | 2017-11-14 | 2019-05-21 | 佛山市盈辉作物科学有限公司 | A kind of composition pesticide for disliking bacterium azoles and shenqinmycin containing dichloro |
CN109845749A (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2019-06-07 | 佛山市盈辉作物科学有限公司 | A kind of composition pesticide for disliking bacterium azoles and tetramycin containing dichloro |
CN112602718A (en) * | 2020-12-15 | 2021-04-06 | 美丰农业科技(上海)有限公司 | Nematicidal agricultural composition containing pyraoxystrobin and cyclobutrifuram |
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CN102499247A (en) * | 2011-10-17 | 2012-06-20 | 贵州大学 | Oxadiazole sulfone compound for controlling bacterial crop diseases |
CN104488901A (en) * | 2014-12-18 | 2015-04-08 | 广西田园生化股份有限公司 | Compound composition containing methanesulphonyl myclobutanil and antibiotics bactericide and preparation |
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN109769844A (en) * | 2017-11-14 | 2019-05-21 | 佛山市盈辉作物科学有限公司 | The bactericidal composition of dichloro evil bacterium azoles and polyoxin |
CN109769840A (en) * | 2017-11-14 | 2019-05-21 | 佛山市盈辉作物科学有限公司 | A kind of composition pesticide for disliking bacterium azoles and shenqinmycin containing dichloro |
CN109845749A (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2019-06-07 | 佛山市盈辉作物科学有限公司 | A kind of composition pesticide for disliking bacterium azoles and tetramycin containing dichloro |
CN112602718A (en) * | 2020-12-15 | 2021-04-06 | 美丰农业科技(上海)有限公司 | Nematicidal agricultural composition containing pyraoxystrobin and cyclobutrifuram |
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Application publication date: 20170531 |