CN106706707A - Flowing wet vapor humidity sensor based on electric arc heating and measuring method - Google Patents
Flowing wet vapor humidity sensor based on electric arc heating and measuring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106706707A CN106706707A CN201611192830.4A CN201611192830A CN106706707A CN 106706707 A CN106706707 A CN 106706707A CN 201611192830 A CN201611192830 A CN 201611192830A CN 106706707 A CN106706707 A CN 106706707A
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- G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
- G01N25/56—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating moisture content
- G01N25/58—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating moisture content by measuring changes of properties of the material due to heat, cold or expansion
- G01N25/60—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating moisture content by measuring changes of properties of the material due to heat, cold or expansion for determining the wetness of steam
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Abstract
The invention discloses a flowing wet vapor humidity sensor based on electric arc heating and a measuring method. The flowing wet vapor humidity sensor comprises an inner casing, an outer casing and a control and data processing module, wherein the outer casing is connected with the outer wall of the inner casing in a sleeving manner; a thermal insulating sealing layer is arranged between the inner casing and the outer casing; a first temperature sensor, a first group of electrodes, a second temperature sensor, a second group of electrodes and a third temperature sensor are sequentially arranged on the wall of the inner casing in the flowing direction of wet vapor; a first pressure sensor and a second pressure sensor are arranged on the wall of the inner casing; and the first pressure sensor and the second pressure sensor are respectively right aligned to the second temperature sensor and the third temperature sensor. The flowing wet vapor humidity sensor is simple in structure, small in size and low in cost, and the measuring method is high in measurement precision and applicable to real-time on-line measurement on humidity of flowing wet vapor in different environments.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of flowing wet steam humidity sensor and measuring method, and in particular to one kind is based on electric arc heated
Flowing wet steam humidity sensor and measuring method.
Background technology
Moist steam is widely used in heat power engineering field as a kind of working media.For example in steam turbine, flow wet
Steam not only causes the decline of unit efficiency, also causes water erosion to blade and cylinder.Flowing wet steam is wet in measurement steam turbine
Degree (particularly exhaust steam moisture) is the important content of steam turbine thermal test, is also to evaluate unit performance and improvement unit design
Important evidence；The humidity of energy monitor in real time low-pressure stage group also is intended in unit operation, so as to be the journey for assessing blade erosion
Degree provides foundation.
At present, many documents disclose the measuring wet steam humidity method of several principles, such as heating, optical method, electricity
Rong Fa, microwave method, fibre grating method, supercritical ultrasonics technology etc..Comparatively ripe in these methods is optical method and heating, its
He is in the theoretical or laboratory research stage at method mostly.
Optical method can take into account the measurement of humidity and drop particle diameter, but substantially its humidity is huge to quantity in flowing wet steam
The result that the water droplet of big and size difference great disparity is counted, it is considered that its certainty of measurement is less than heating；In addition, optical method
Measuring apparatus complex and expensive, is also only used for scientific experiment research, it is difficult to promote on a large scale in practice in engineering at present；Additionally, light
Method humidity measuring instrument cannot also realize long-term on-line real time monitoring.
Heating is suggested earliest, and its general principle is that moist steam sample is heated to be into superheated steam, is heated by measuring
The thermodynamic parameter and flow of amount and superheated steam, are that can obtain humidity value according to thermal balance relation.The advantage of heating is
Humidity measuring instrument is measured hereby it is ensured that having high accuracy without demarcating according to conservation of energy principle.Its difficult point is embodied in
Three aspects, one be moist steam sample flow it is generally very small, less than the minimum range of the existing all kinds of flowmeters of the overwhelming majority,
Thus accurate measurement flow is difficult.Two be actual flowing wet steam speed it is very high, the velocity of exhaust of such as condensing turbine
80~120m/s is reached, is heated in very short time of the moist steam by measurement apparatus as superheated steam has very big skill
Art difficulty；This also results in the difficult point of the third aspect simultaneously, i.e., there is contradiction between heading-length and measurement apparatus volume：For
Expansion range of application, it is desirable to which the volume of measurement apparatus is as small as possible, and can only pass through during using conventional resistive silk heating means
Extend the physical length of bringing-up section to meet the requirement (such as 201310073920.1) of heating.Patent 201410136475.3 is used
Heating using microwave come water droplet in shortening moist steam is evaporated to the time of steam, but still there is structure not enough simple, equipment and compare
Expensive shortcoming, limits the space of its large-scale engineering applications.Above-mentioned difficult point causes wet currently without any heating
Degree measurement apparatus can meet in stage and the need for exhaust steam moisture real-time online measuring simultaneously.
The content of the invention
Shortcoming it is an object of the invention to overcome above-mentioned prior art, there is provided a kind of flowing based on electric arc heated is wet
Steam moisture sensor and measuring method, the sensor construction is simple, small volume, low cost, and the measuring method certainty of measurement is high,
And real-time online measuring can be carried out to flowing wet steam humidity suitable for various environment.
To reach above-mentioned purpose, the flowing wet steam humidity sensor based on electric arc heated of the present invention includes inner sleeve
Pipe, outer tube and control and data processing module, outer tube are socketed on the outer wall of inner sleeve, and between inner sleeve and outer tube
It is provided with adiabatic sealant；
On the tube wall of inner sleeve the first temperature sensor, first group of electrode, are sequentially provided with along the direction of Wet Steam Flow Inside
Two temperature sensors, second group of electrode and three-temperature sensor, be additionally provided with the tube wall of inner sleeve first pressure sensor and
Second pressure sensor, wherein, first pressure sensor and second pressure sensor are respectively just to second temperature sensor and the
Three-temperature sensor, the first temperature sensor, second temperature sensor, three-temperature sensor, first pressure sensor, second
Pressure sensor, first group of electrode and second group of electrode are connected with control with data processing module.
Moist steam is entered into inner sleeve through the entrance point of inner sleeve, is then discharged through the port of export of inner sleeve again, wherein,
The entrance point of inner sleeve is wedge structure.
The cross section of inner sleeve is cirque structure, rectangular ring structure or class oval ring-type structure.
First group of electrode is divided into some to first electrode, two first electrode Relative distributions in each pair of first electrode, respectively
First electrode is sequentially distributed along the circumference of inner sleeve；Second group of electrode be divided into it is some to second electrode, in each pair of second electrode
Two second electrode Relative distributions, each pair of second electrode be sequentially distributed along the circumference of inner sleeve.
Also include the support for fixing and supporting outer tube.
Flowing wet steam humidity measuring method based on electric arc heated of the present invention is comprised the following steps：
1) the flowing wet steam humidity sensor based on electric arc heated is positioned over test position, moist steam is through inner sleeve
Entrance point is entered into inner sleeve, is then flowed out through the port of export of inner sleeve again, wherein, the detection of the first temperature sensor is described wet
The temperature information t of steam1, and by the temperature information t of the moist steam1Send into control and data processing module, control and number
Electric arc electric heating is carried out according to first group of electrode pair moist steam of processing module control, moist steam is converted to superheated steam, second temperature
Sensor measures the temperature information t of the superheated steam2, and by the temperature information t of the superheated steam2Send to control and number
According to processing module, while first pressure sensor measures the pressure information p of superheated steam2, and the pressure of superheated steam is believed
Breath p2In transmission to control and data processing module, control is carried out with data processing module second group of electrode pair superheated steam of control
Electric arc heated, makes superheated steam be changed into the superheated steam for heating again, the overheat that three-temperature sensor detection is heated again
The temperature information t of steam3, and by the temperature information t of the superheated steam for heating again3Send to control and data processing mould
In block, while the pressure information p of the superheated steam that the measurement of second pressure sensor is heated again3, and the overheat that will be heated again
The pressure information p of steam3Send into control and data processing module, wherein, the heating amount of first group of electrode pair moist steam is
q2, second group of electrode 8 is q to the heating amount of superheated steam3；
2) control and data processing module are according to first group of heating amount q of electrode pair moist steam2, second group of electrode pair overheat
The heating amount q of steam3, moist steam temperature information t1, superheated steam temperature information t2, superheated steam pressure information p2, again
The temperature information t of the superheated steam of secondary heating3And the pressure information p of the superheated steam for heating again3Calculate test position flowing
The humidity of moist steam.
The invention has the advantages that：
Flowing wet steam humidity sensor and measuring method based on electric arc heated of the present invention in concrete operations,
Heated by first group of electrode and second group of electrode pair moist steam, relative to heat in conventional resistive silk heat protocol through electricity
The mode of water droplet in resistance silk, tube wall, inside pipe wall moisture film, steam and steam poorly efficient transmission successively, moist steam is in itself in the present invention
It is exactly the conducting medium of first group of electrode and second group of electric arc of electrode generation, heat is directly produced from moist steam inside.In addition,
Flowing through bringing-up section more long relative to moist steam needs in existing heat protocol can just be heated to be the shortcoming of superheated steam, this
Moist steam is heated to be high-temperature plasma by invention using electric arc, and the superheated steam for obtaining electroneutral is combined in electric arc downstream,
Therefore moist steam need to be only made to pass through an electric arc section perpendicular to Wet Steam Flow Inside direction, you can moist steam is heated to be into overheat
Steam, so as to effectively shorten moist steam heading-length, reduces the volume of sensor, and can effectively reduce heat
Scatter and disappear, improve the precision of measurement, enable the sensor to be applied to carry out real-time online to flowing wet steam humidity in various environment
Measurement.In addition, the present invention is without coiling resistance wire in the sensor or sets microwave waveguide structure, first group of electrode only need to be installed
And second group of electrode, the structure of sensor is greatly simplify, reduce the cost of sensor.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the invention；
Fig. 2 is a kind of first group of electrode 5 and second group of distribution map of electrode 8 in the present invention；
Fig. 3 is another first group of electrode 5 and second group of distribution map of electrode 8 in the present invention；
Fig. 4 is another first group of electrode 5 and second group of distribution map of electrode 8 in the present invention；
Fig. 5 is another first group of electrode 5 and second group of distribution map of electrode 8 in the present invention；
Fig. 6 is schematic diagram of the invention.
Wherein, 1 it is inner sleeve, 2 be outer tube, 3 be adiabatic sealant, 4 be the first temperature sensor, 5 is first group of electricity
Pole, 6 be second temperature sensor, 7 be first pressure sensor, 8 be second group of electrode, 9 be three-temperature sensor, 10 be the
Two pressure sensors, 11 be support, 12 for control and data processing module.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings：
With reference to Fig. 1, the flowing wet steam humidity sensor based on electric arc heated include inner sleeve 1, outer tube 2 and control with
Data processing module 12, outer tube 2 is socketed on the outer wall of inner sleeve 1, and is provided with adiabatic close between inner sleeve 1 and outer tube 2
Sealing 3；On the tube wall of inner sleeve 14, first group of electrode 5 of the first temperature sensor, are sequentially provided with along the direction of Wet Steam Flow Inside
Two 6, second group of temperature sensor electrode 8 and three-temperature sensors 9, are additionally provided with first pressure sensing on the tube wall of inner sleeve 1
Device 7 and second pressure sensor 10, wherein, first pressure sensor 7 and second pressure sensor 10 are respectively just to second temperature
Sensor 6 and three-temperature sensor 9, the first temperature sensor 4, second temperature sensor 6, three-temperature sensor 9, first
Pressure sensor 7,10, first group of electrode 5 of second pressure sensor and second group of electrode 8 with control and data processing module 12
It is connected.
Moist steam is entered into inner sleeve 1 through the entrance point of inner sleeve 1, is then discharged through the port of export of inner sleeve 1 again, its
In, the entrance point of inner sleeve 1 is wedge structure；The cross section of inner sleeve 1 is oval cirque structure, rectangular ring structure or class
Cyclic structure；5 points of first group of electrode for some to first electrode, two first electrode Relative distributions in each pair of first electrode,
Each pair of first electrode is sequentially distributed along the circumference of inner sleeve 1；8 points of second group of electrode be it is some to second electrode, it is each to the second electricity
Two second electrode Relative distributions in extremely, each pair of second electrode is sequentially distributed along the circumference of inner sleeve 1.Present invention additionally comprises with
In fixed and support outer tube 2 support 11.
Flowing wet steam humidity measuring method based on electric arc heated of the present invention, the flowing based on electric arc heated is wet
Steam moisture sensor, comprises the following steps：
1) the flowing wet steam humidity sensor based on electric arc heated is positioned over test position, moist steam is through inner sleeve 1
Entrance point enter into inner sleeve 1, then again through inner sleeve 1 the port of export flow out, wherein, the first temperature sensor 4 is detected
The temperature information t of the moist steam1, and by the temperature information t of the moist steam1Send into control and data processing module 12,
Control carries out electric arc electric heating with the first group of electrode 5 of control of data processing module 12 to moist steam, moist steam is converted to overheat and steams
Vapour, second temperature sensor 6 measures the temperature information t of the superheated steam2, and by the temperature information t of the superheated steam2Hair
Deliver to control with data processing module 12 in, while first pressure sensor 7 measure superheated steam pressure information p2, and incited somebody to action
The pressure information p of vapours2Send into control and data processing module 12, control controls second group with data processing module 12
Electrode 8 carries out electric arc heated to superheated steam, superheated steam is changed into the superheated steam for heating again, three-temperature sensor
The temperature information t of the superheated steam that 9 detections are heated again3, and by the temperature information t of the superheated steam for heating again3Send
Into control and data processing module 12, while second pressure sensor 10 measures the pressure information of the superheated steam for heating again
p3, and the superheated steam that will be heated again pressure information p3Send into control and data processing module 12, wherein, first group
Electrode 5 is q to the heating amount of moist steam2, second group of electrode 8 is q to the heating amount of superheated steam3；
2) control with data processing module 12 according to first group of electrode 5 to the heating amount q of moist steam2, second group of 8 pairs, electrode
The heating amount q of superheated steam3, moist steam temperature information t1, superheated steam temperature information t2, superheated steam pressure information
p2, the temperature information t of superheated steam that heats again3And the pressure information p of the superheated steam for heating again3Calculate detecting position
Put the humidity of flowing wet steam.
Step 2) concrete operations be：
1a) calculate the steam flow m for flowing through the flowing wet steam humidity sensor based on electric arc heated
Obtained according to energy conservation equation：
Wherein, h2It is second temperature sensor 6 and the enthalpy of the place cross section superheated steam of first pressure sensor 7, h2By t2
And p2Obtained by steam properties computing formula, u2It is second temperature sensor 6 and the place cross section mistake of first pressure sensor 7
The flowing velocity of vapours, h3For the mistake that three-temperature sensor 9 and the place cross section of second pressure sensor 10 are heated again
The enthalpy of vapours, h3By t3And p3Obtained by steam properties computing formula, u3It is that three-temperature sensor 9 and second pressure are passed
The flowing velocity of the superheated steam that the place cross section of sensor 10 is heated again, qd3It is second group of electrode 8 to three-temperature sensor 9
Between heat dissipation capacity, by formula (1)
Obtained by quality continuity equation：
M=ρ2A2u2 (3)
M=ρ3A3u3 (4)
Wherein, A2It is second temperature sensor 6 and the flow surface of the place cross section superheated steam of first pressure sensor 7
Product, ρ2It is second temperature sensor 6 and the density of the place cross section superheated steam of first pressure sensor 7, A3For the 3rd temperature is passed
The flow area of the superheated steam that sensor 9 is heated again with the place cross section of second pressure sensor 10, ρ3For the 3rd temperature is passed
The density of the superheated steam that sensor 9 is heated again with the place cross section of second pressure sensor 10, formula (3) and formula (4) are substituted into
In formula (2), obtain：
Obtained by formula (5)
Due to being provided with adiabatic sealant 3 between inner sleeve 1 and outer tube 2, then qd3=0, then by qd3=0 substitutes into formula (6)
In, and formula (6) is solved, the steam flow m of the flowing wet steam humidity sensor based on electric arc heated must be flowed through, then base will be flowed through
In the steam flow m of the flowing wet steam humidity sensor of electric arc heated substitutes into formula (3), second temperature sensor 6 and the are obtained
The flowing velocity u of the place cross section superheated steam of one pressure sensor 72；
2a) calculate the humidity of flowing wet steam
Obtained by energy conservation equation：
Wherein, h1It is the enthalpy of the place cross section moist steam of the first temperature sensor 4, u1It is horizontal where the first temperature sensor 4
The flowing velocity of section moist steam, qd2It is the heat dissipation capacity of superheated steam between first group of electrode 5 to second temperature sensor 6, its
In, qd2=0, obtained by formula (7)
Then formula (8) is solved according to iterative algorithm, obtains the flowing velocity of the place cross section moist steam of the first temperature sensor 4
u1And the enthalpy h of the place cross section moist steam of the first temperature sensor 41, it is then wet according to the place cross section of the first temperature sensor 4
The temperature t of steam1And the enthalpy h of the place cross section moist steam of the first temperature sensor 41Obtain the humidity of flowing wet steam.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of flowing wet steam humidity sensor based on electric arc heated, it is characterised in that including inner sleeve (1), outer tube
(2) and control and data processing module (12), outer tube (2) is socketed on the outer wall of inner sleeve (1), and inner sleeve (1) with it is outer
Adiabatic sealant (3) is provided between sleeve pipe (2)；
On the tube wall of inner sleeve (1) the first temperature sensor (4), first group of electrode are sequentially provided with along the direction of Wet Steam Flow Inside
(5), second temperature sensor (6), second group of electrode (8) and three-temperature sensor (9), also set on the tube wall of inner sleeve (1)
There are first pressure sensor (7) and second pressure sensor (10), wherein, first pressure sensor (7) and second pressure are sensed
Device (10) is respectively just to second temperature sensor (6) and three-temperature sensor (9), the first temperature sensor (4), second temperature
Sensor (6), three-temperature sensor (9), first pressure sensor (7), second pressure sensor (10), first group of electrode
And second group of electrode (8) is connected with control with data processing module (12) (5).
2. the flowing wet steam humidity sensor based on electric arc heated according to claim 1, it is characterised in that moist steam
Entered into inner sleeve (1) through the entrance point of inner sleeve (1), then discharged through the port of export of inner sleeve (1) again, wherein, inner sleeve
The entrance point for managing (1) is wedge structure.
3. the flowing wet steam humidity sensor based on electric arc heated according to claim 1, it is characterised in that inner sleeve
(1) cross section is cirque structure, rectangular ring structure or class elliptical ring assembling structure.
4. the flowing wet steam humidity sensor based on electric arc heated according to claim 1, it is characterised in that first group
Electrode (5) is divided into some to first electrode, two first electrode Relative distributions in each pair of first electrode, each pair of first electrode edge
The circumference of inner sleeve (1) is sequentially distributed；Second group of electrode (8) is divided into some to second electrode, two in each pair of second electrode
Second electrode Relative distribution, each pair of second electrode is sequentially distributed along the circumference of inner sleeve (1).
5. the flowing wet steam humidity sensor based on electric arc heated according to claim 1, it is characterised in that also include
Support (11) for fixing and supporting outer tube (2).
6. a kind of flowing wet steam humidity measuring method based on electric arc heated, it is characterised in that based on described in claim 1
Flowing wet steam humidity sensor based on electric arc heated, comprises the following steps：
1) the flowing wet steam humidity sensor based on electric arc heated described in claim 1 is positioned over test position, wet steaming
Vapour is entered into inner sleeve (1) through the entrance point of inner sleeve (1), is then flowed out through the port of export of inner sleeve (1) again, wherein, the
One temperature sensor (4) detects the temperature information t of the moist steam1, and by the temperature information t of the moist steam1Send to control
In data processing module (12), control carries out electric arc with data processing module (12) first group of electrode (5) of control to moist steam
Electric heating, makes moist steam be converted to superheated steam, and second temperature sensor (6) measures the temperature information t of the superheated steam2, and
By the temperature information t of the superheated steam2Send into control and data processing module (12), while first pressure sensor
(7) the pressure information p of superheated steam is measured2, and by the pressure information p of superheated steam2Send to control and data processing module
(12) in, control carries out electric arc heated with data processing module (12) second group of electrode (8) of control to superheated steam, steams overheat
Vapour is changed into the superheated steam for heating again, the temperature information of the superheated steam that three-temperature sensor (9) detection is heated again
t3, and by the temperature information t of the superheated steam for heating again3Send into control and data processing module (12), while the
The pressure information p of the superheated steam that two pressure sensors (10) measurement is heated again3, and the superheated steam that will be heated again pressure
Force information p3Send into control and data processing module (12), wherein, first group of electrode (5) is q to the heating amount of moist steam2,
Second group of electrode (8) is q to the heating amount of superheated steam3；
2) control with data processing module (12) according to first group of electrode (5) to the heating amount q of moist steam2, second group of electrode (8)
To the heating amount q of superheated steam3, moist steam temperature information t1, superheated steam temperature information t2, superheated steam pressure letter
Breath p2, the temperature information t of superheated steam that heats again3And the pressure information p of the superheated steam for heating again3Calculate detection
The humidity of position flowing wet steam.
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| CN201611192830.4A CN106706707B (en) | 2016-12-21 | 2016-12-21 | A kind of flowing wet steam humidity sensor and measurement method based on electric arc heated |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114047222A (en) * | 2021-11-02 | 2022-02-15 | 北京石油化工学院 | Underwater high-voltage dry GMAW welding arc energy dissipation measuring device |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114047222A (en) * | 2021-11-02 | 2022-02-15 | 北京石油化工学院 | Underwater high-voltage dry GMAW welding arc energy dissipation measuring device |
| CN114047222B (en) * | 2021-11-02 | 2023-10-27 | 北京石油化工学院 | Underwater high-pressure dry GMAW welding arc energy dissipation measuring device |
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