CN106706113B - A kind of Non-contact optical fiber grating torsional oscillation sensor and measuring device - Google Patents
A kind of Non-contact optical fiber grating torsional oscillation sensor and measuring device Download PDFInfo
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- CN106706113B CN106706113B CN201710144493.XA CN201710144493A CN106706113B CN 106706113 B CN106706113 B CN 106706113B CN 201710144493 A CN201710144493 A CN 201710144493A CN 106706113 B CN106706113 B CN 106706113B
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- fiber grating
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H9/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means
- G01H9/004—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means using fibre optic sensors
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of Non-contact optical fiber grating torsional oscillation sensor and measuring devices, Non-contact optical fiber grating torsional oscillation sensor includes fiber grating, fixed plate and non magnetic prismatic cantilever beam, cantilever beam one end is fixed in fixed plate, another end surfaces are fixed with permanent magnet, protrusion is equipped in the middle part of cantilever beam, being fixed on for fiber grating suspension is between cantilever beam fixing end and protrusion and parallel with cantilever beam, and the working pole of permanent magnet is partial circle；Non-contact optical fiber grating torsional vibration measurement device includes Measuring plate, adjusting bracket and two Non-contact optical fiber grating torsional oscillation sensors, and Measuring plate includes nonmagnetic inner ring and outer rings and uniformly distributed magnetic conduction item between inner ring and outer ring.The variation of the magnetic force between permanent magnet and magnetic conduction item can be obtained by measuring the wavelength variable quantity relationship of changing with time of fiber grating in the present invention, and structure is simple, easy for installation, high sensitivity.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to vibration measurement fields, and in particular to a kind of Non-contact optical fiber grating torsional oscillation sensor and measurement dress
It sets.
Background technique
General measure torsional vibration signals use two methods of contact method and eyes with non-contact method, and contact method is directly to install sensor
In measured rotary shaft, the signal transmission between rotating device and fixed device is relatively difficult, for the sensor of electric class,
The arrangement of route is more troublesome, for the sensor based on fiber grating, needs to spend using rotary connector etc. relatively high
Device.Eyes with non-contact method is on the device that sensor is fixed on except rotary shaft, can non-contacting capture torsional vibration signals, signal
Transmission is very convenient, and the interference being subject to is small and stability is good.Eyes with non-contact method common are survey gear method at present and how general laser is
Le method surveys tooth method and first installs the repetitional structures such as gear, code-disc on axis, then passes through measuring point with displacement sensor repetitional structure
Time change reflect the variation of torsional oscillation, torsional vibration signals are present in the phase of pulse signal, to pass through phase discriminator demodulation side
It can get, the processing work of this method signal is very multiple many and diverse, it is difficult to guarantee accuracy, laser Doppler method utilizes and is reflected into rotation
The frequency shift effect of the adjustment light of shaft measures torsional oscillation, is influenced by rotary shaft and environment bigger, it is difficult to be practiced.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of Non-contact optical fiber grating torsional oscillation sensor and measuring devices, by measuring light
The variation of the magnetic force between permanent magnet and magnetic conduction item, structure letter can be obtained in the wavelength variable quantity relationship of changing with time of fine grating
Single, easy for installation, high sensitivity.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that:
A kind of Non-contact optical fiber grating torsional oscillation sensor, for cooperating with the rotary shaft for being equipped with magnetic conduction item, including light
Fine grating, fixed plate and non magnetic prismatic cantilever beam, cantilever beam one end is vertically fixed in fixed plate, another end surfaces are solid
Surely have a permanent magnet, be equipped with protrusion in the middle part of cantilever beam, fiber grating suspension be fixed between cantilever beam fixing end and protrusion and
Parallel with cantilever beam, the working pole of permanent magnet is partial circle.
Further, fixed plate side and cantilever beam fixing end are equipped with the threaded hole of same size, and screw passes through threaded hole
Cantilever beam and fixed plate are connected and fixed.
A kind of Non-contact optical fiber grating torsional vibration measurement device, including Measuring plate, adjusting bracket and two are as described above
Non-contact optical fiber grating torsional oscillation sensor, Measuring plate include nonmagnetic inner ring and outer rings and between inner ring and outer ring
The magnetic conduction item of cloth, inner ring can be installed on the rotary shaft, and the two sides of magnetic conduction item are directed to rotary shaft axle center, the corresponding circle of magnetic conduction item
The corresponding central angle in gap central angle corresponding with permanent magnet is equal between heart angle and adjacent magnetic conduction item, and adjusting bracket can divide
Not Tiao Jie two Non-contact optical fiber grating torsional oscillation sensors fixation Board position and fixation, when measurement, two contactless opticals
Fine grating torsional oscillation sensor is symmetrical about rotary shaft axle center, and the corresponding center of circle of permanent magnet is located at rotary shaft axle center and is rotating extremely
It can be completely covered by magnetic conduction item when certain angle.
Further, adjusting bracket includes fixed pedestal and two brackets, and pedestal is equipped with vertical slot, two bracket difference
The bolt assembly for passing through vertical slot by two groups is adjusted and is fixed on the base, level trough is equipped on bracket, two non-contact
The fixed plate of formula fiber grating torsional oscillation sensor passes through the bolt assembly that two groups pass through level trough respectively and adjusts and be fixed on bracket
On.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1. being equipped with magnetic conduction item when measurement in rotary shaft, the positive area of magnetic conduction item and permanent magnet is with rotation when rotary shaft rotates
Gyration variation, the magnetic force between permanent magnet and magnetic conduction item can also change, and the magneticaction that permanent magnet is subject to is in cantilever beam
End, cause fiber grating generate strain, the wavelength variable quantity of fiber grating can also generate variation, when allowing for each in this way
The rotary state for carving rotary shaft is recorded, and the wavelength variable quantity relationship of changing with time by measuring fiber grating can obtain
To the variation of the magnetic force between permanent magnet and magnetic conduction item, and then rotation angle can be obtained and change with time relationship to get torsion is arrived
Shake signal.Fiber grating is fixed on a cantilever beam, and cantilever beam is as elastomer, and at middle part, setting protrusion has enhanced sensitivity function,
The sensor structure is simple, easy for installation, high sensitivity.
2. fixed plate connects compression by face contact, screw with cantilever beam, convenient for vertical fixed.
3. rotary shaft rotates, the positive area of each magnetic conduction item and permanent magnet first increases with the increase of rotation angle to be subtracted afterwards
Small, magnetic force first increases and then decreases between permanent magnet and magnetic conduction item and be in cyclically-varying, the magneticaction that permanent magnet is subject to exists
The end of cantilever beam causes fiber grating to generate strain, and the wavelength variable quantity of fiber grating is in cyclically-varying, when previous magnetic conduction
Item far from when, latter magnetic conduction item is close, and the rotary state for allowing for each moment rotary shaft in this way is recorded.Pass through measurement
The variation of the magnetic force between permanent magnet and magnetic conduction item can be obtained in the wavelength variable quantity relationship of changing with time of fiber grating, in turn
It can obtain rotation angle and change with time relationship to get torsional vibration signals are arrived.The measuring device can by adjust permanent magnet and
The spacing of magnetic conduction item changes the size of sensitivity, and torsional oscillation is measured using two sensors are arranged symmetrically, can eliminate part cross
It is influenced to caused by vibration, the measuring device structure is simple, easy for installation, high sensitivity.
4. Non-contact optical fiber grating torsional oscillation sensor can quickly be adjusted in vertical and horizontal both direction.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the axonometric drawing of Non-contact optical fiber grating torsional vibration measurement Installation practice.
Fig. 2 is the side view of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the axonometric drawing of Non-contact optical fiber grating torsional oscillation sensor embodiment.
Fig. 4 is the main view of Fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is the side view of Fig. 3.
Fig. 6 is the main view of Measuring plate in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.
Fig. 7 is the cross-sectional view of A-A in Fig. 6.
In figure: 1. rotary shafts；2. Measuring plate；3. Non-contact optical fiber grating torsional oscillation sensor；4. passing through the spiral shell of level trough
Bolt assembly；5. bracket；6. passing through the bolt assembly of vertical slot；7. pedestal；2-1. inner ring；2-2. magnetic conduction item；2-3. outer ring；3-1.
Fixed plate；3-2. screw；3-3. cantilever beam；3-4. fiber grating；3-5. permanent magnet；3-6. round tube hole.
Specific embodiment
Present invention will be further explained below with reference to the attached drawings and examples.
As shown in Figures 3 to 5, a kind of Non-contact optical fiber grating torsional oscillation sensor 3, for magnetic conduction 2-2 is installed
Rotary shaft 1 cooperate, including fiber grating 3-4, fixed plate 3-1 and non magnetic prismatic cantilever beam 3-3, cantilever beam 3-3 mono-
End is vertically fixed on fixed plate 3-1, another end surfaces are fixed with permanent magnet 3-5 (permanent magnet 3-5 is pasted onto cantilever beam 3-3 table
On face, the center of permanent magnet is overlapped with the end of cantilever beam 3-3), the middle part cantilever beam 3-3 is equipped with protrusion, fiber grating 3-4 suspension
Be fixed between cantilever beam 3-3 fixing end and protrusion and parallel with cantilever beam 3-3 (fiber grating 3-4 is solid by gluing
It is fixed), the working pole of permanent magnet is partial circle.Magnetic conduction 2-2 is installed, rotary shaft 1 is led when rotating when measurement in rotary shaft 1
The positive area of magnetic stripe 2-2 and permanent magnet 3-5 with rotation angle change, also can by the magnetic force between permanent magnet 3-5 and magnetic conduction 2-2
It changes, the magneticaction that permanent magnet 3-5 is subject to causes fiber grating 3-4 to generate strain, light in the end of cantilever beam 3-3
The wavelength variable quantity of fine grating 3-4 can also generate variation, and the rotary state for allowing for each moment rotary shaft 1 in this way is recorded
Come, permanent magnet 3-5 and magnetic conduction 2-2 can be obtained in the wavelength variable quantity relationship of changing with time by measuring fiber grating 3-4
Between magnetic force variation, and then rotation angle can be obtained and change with time relationship to get to torsional vibration signals.By fiber grating
3-4 is fixed on cantilever beam 3-3, and cantilever beam 3-3 is as elastomer, and at middle part, setting protrusion has enhanced sensitivity function, the sensor
Structure is simple, easy for installation, high sensitivity.
As shown in Figures 3 to 5, in the present embodiment, the side fixed plate 3-1 and cantilever beam 3-3 fixing end are equipped with identical big
Small threaded hole, screw 3-2 pass through threaded hole and are connected and fixed cantilever beam 3-3 and fixed plate 3-1.Fixed plate 3-1 and cantilever beam
3-3 is compressed by face contact, screw 3-2 connection, convenient for vertical fixed.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, a kind of Non-contact optical fiber grating torsional vibration measurement device, including Measuring plate 2, adjusting bracket with
And two Non-contact optical fiber grating torsional oscillation sensors 3 as described above, as shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7, Measuring plate 2 includes non magnetic
Inner ring 2-1 and outer ring 2-3 and uniformly distributed between inner ring 2-1 and outer ring 2-3 magnetic conduction 2-2, inner ring 2-1 can be mounted on
In rotary shaft 1, the two sides of magnetic conduction 2-2 are directed to 1 axle center of rotary shaft, the corresponding central angle of magnetic conduction 2-2 and adjacent magnetic conduction
The corresponding central angle in gap central angle corresponding with permanent magnet is equal between 2-2, adjusting bracket can adjust respectively two it is non-
The position fixed plate 3-1 of contact type optical fiber grating torsional oscillation sensor 3 and fixation, when measurement, two Non-contact optical fiber gratings are turned round
Vibration sensor 3 is symmetrical about 1 axle center of rotary shaft, and the corresponding center of circle of permanent magnet is located at 1 axle center of rotary shaft and is rotating to certain
It can be completely covered by magnetic conduction 2-2 when angle.When rotary shaft 1 rotates, the right opposite of each magnetic conduction 2-2 and permanent magnet 3-5
The increase first increases and then decreases with rotation angle is accumulated, the magnetic force first increases and then decreases between permanent magnet 3-5 and magnetic conduction 2-2 is simultaneously in
Cyclically-varying, the magneticaction that permanent magnet 3-5 is subject to cause fiber grating 3-4 to generate strain in the end of cantilever beam 3-3,
The wavelength variable quantity of fiber grating 3-4 be in cyclically-varying, when previous magnetic conduction 2-2 far from when, latter magnetic conduction 2-2 is close,
The rotary state for allowing for each moment rotary shaft 1 in this way is recorded.By the wavelength variable quantity for measuring fiber grating 3-4
The variation of the magnetic force between permanent magnet 3-5 and magnetic conduction 2-2 can be obtained in the relationship of changing with time, and then can obtain rotation angle
The relationship that changes with time to get arrive torsional vibration signals.The measuring device can be by adjusting permanent magnet 3-5's and magnetic conduction 2-2
Spacing change sensitivity size, measured using two sensors are arranged symmetrically torsional oscillation, can eliminate parts transversely vibration make
At influence, the measuring device structure is simple, easy for installation, high sensitivity.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, in the present embodiment, adjusting bracket includes fixed pedestal 7 (pedestal 7 is fixed on experimental bench)
With two brackets 5, pedestal 7 is equipped with vertical slot, and two brackets 5 pass through the 6 (spiral shell of bolt assembly of vertical slot by two groups respectively
Bolt, gasket and nut) it adjusts and is fixed on pedestal 7, level trough is equipped on bracket 5, two Non-contact optical fiber gratings are turned round
The fixed plate 3-1 of vibration sensor 3 passes through the bolt assembly 4 that two groups pass through level trough respectively and adjusts and be fixed on bracket 5.It is non-to connect
Touch fiber grating torsional oscillation sensor 3 can quickly be adjusted in vertical and horizontal both direction.
In the present embodiment, inner ring 2-1, outer ring 2-3 and cantilever beam 3-3 are the smaller non-magnetic material such as aluminium of magnetic conductivity
Alloy, copper interfere to avoid the magnetic force to permanent magnet 3-5.
The measuring principle of the embodiment of the present invention is as follows:
When rotary shaft 1 rotates, the positive area of each magnetic conduction 2-2 and permanent magnet 3-5 are first with the increase of rotation angle
Reducing after increase, rotation angle, θ (t) changes over time, and the positive area of magnetic conduction 2-2 and permanent magnet 3-5 is,
Wherein S is positive area, the r of magnetic conduction 2-2 and permanent magnet 3-51For permanent magnet 3-5 miner diameter end radius, r2For permanent magnetism
Iron 3-5 bigger diameter end radius, θ (t) are the rotation angle changed over time.
Magnetic force between permanent magnet 3-5 and magnetic conduction 2-2 changes with the variation of positive area, according to according to magnetic field public affairs
The relationship that formula can obtain between them is,
Wherein magnetic force, μ of the F between permanent magnet 3-5 and magnetic conduction 2-20For absolute permeability of vacuum, μrFor permeability magnetic material
Relative permeability, B be magnetic field strength (magnetic field strength and permanent magnet 3-5 and magnetic conduction of the permanent magnet 3-5 around magnetic conduction 2-2
The distance of 2-2, the material of permanent magnet 3-5, permanent magnet 3-5 shape etc. are related, and permanent magnet 3-5 provides open magnetic circuit can not be into
Row is accurate to be calculated, and needs to measure according to the actual situation to obtain).
It is generally believed that magnetic field of the permanent magnet 3-5 around magnetic conduction 2-2 is equally distributed, and the magnetic of permeability magnetic material
Conductance is much larger than 1, then above formula can be reduced to,
Permanent magnet 3-5 is fixed on cantilever beam 3-3, is generated and the equal-sized active force of magnetic force, effect to cantilever beam 3-3
Point in one end (other end of cantilever beam 3-3 is fixed) of cantilever beam 3-3, in conjunction with the theory of Elasticity and the mechanics of materials it is found that
1) for uniform cantilever beam 3-3, the direct stress of each point is on arbitrary cross section,
Wherein σ is that the direct stress of each point, M (x) are the cross section to cantilever beam on uniform cantilever beam 3-3 arbitrary cross section
Moment of flexure, y at 3-3 fixing end distance x be on the cross section each point to the distance of neutral axis, I be the cross section to neutral axis
The moment of inertia.
2) have for uniform cantilever beam 3-3,
M (x)=F (L-x)
Wherein F is active force (equal to the magnetic force between permanent magnet 3-5 and magnetic conduction 2-2), the L in the end cantilever beam 3-3
For the length of cantilever beam 3-3.
3) have for cross-section rectangular solid cantilever beam 3-3,
Wherein b is the width of cantilever beam 3-3, the thickness that h is cantilever beam 3-3.
4) have for surface (at h) each point of cross-section rectangular solid cantilever beam 3-3,
5) have for stress and strain,
σ=E εh
Wherein E is elasticity modulus, the ε of cantilever beam 3-3 materialhFor the strain on the surface cantilever beam 3-3 (at h).
1) it is to the strain that the surface cantilever beam 3-3 (at h) 5) can be obtained above simultaneous,
According to the bending deformation geometrical relationship of cross-section rectangular solid cantilever beam 3-3, strain is equal toWherein ρ is curvature
Radius (section determining for one, ρ are constant), it follows that the line strain of same section any point and arriving neutral line
Apart from directly proportional, i.e. at cantilever beam 3-3 surface h strain relationship proportional to the strain at apparent height h+t,
Simultaneous (4) (5) obtains
Wherein e is the length of the cantilever beam 3-3 between protrusion and cantilever beam 3-3 starting point, εh+tFor the surface cantilever beam 3-3 height
Spend the strain (i.e. the strain of fiber grating 3-4) at h+t.
In conjunction with the relationship of fiber grating 3-4 center wavelength variation amount and strain,
Wherein λ is the central wavelength of fiber grating 3-4, Δ λ is the wavelength shift of fiber grating 3-4, PeFor optical fiber
Elasto-optical coefficient.
Simultaneous (1) (3) (6) obtains
Since two Non-contact optical fiber grating torsional oscillation sensors 3 are symmetrically installed, when there is lateral interference vibration, two
The corresponding rotation angle of measurement value sensor is respectively θ1(t)、θ2(t), the practical rotation angle of rotary shaft 1 is θ (t), then has,
(9)
Wherein λ1And λ2The middle cardiac wave of the fiber grating 3-4 of respectively two Non-contact optical fiber grating torsional oscillation sensors 3
Long, Δ λ1(t) and Δ λ2(t) be respectively the fiber grating 3-4 of two Non-contact optical fiber grating torsional oscillation sensors 3 at any time
The wavelength shift of variation.
It can be obtained by (9) (10) (11),
According to (12) formula by two Non-contact optical fiber grating 3-4 sensors fiber grating 3-4 wavelength shift with
The variation of time obtains rotary shaft 1 and rotates the relationship that changes with time of angle to get to torsional vibration signals.
It should be understood that for those of ordinary skills, it can be modified or changed according to the above description,
And all these modifications and variations should all belong to the protection domain of appended claims of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of Non-contact optical fiber grating torsional vibration measurement device, it is characterised in that: non-including Measuring plate, adjusting bracket and two
Contact type optical fiber grating torsional oscillation sensor；Non-contact optical fiber grating torsional oscillation sensor is used for and the rotary shaft that is equipped with magnetic conduction item
Cooperation, including fiber grating, fixed plate and non magnetic prismatic cantilever beam, cantilever beam one end is vertically fixed in fixed plate,
Another end surfaces are fixed with permanent magnet, are equipped with protrusion in the middle part of cantilever beam, fiber grating suspension be fixed on cantilever beam fixing end and
Between protrusion and parallel with cantilever beam, the working pole of permanent magnet is partial circle；Measuring plate include nonmagnetic inner ring and
Outer ring and uniformly distributed magnetic conduction item between inner ring and outer ring, inner ring can be installed on the rotary shaft, and the two sides of magnetic conduction item refer both to
To rotary shaft axle center, between the corresponding central angle of magnetic conduction item and adjacent magnetic conduction item the corresponding central angle in gap with permanent magnet pair
The central angle answered is equal, and adjusting bracket can adjust the fixation Board position of two Non-contact optical fiber grating torsional oscillation sensors simultaneously respectively
Fixed, when measurement, two Non-contact optical fiber grating torsional oscillation sensors are symmetrical about rotary shaft axle center, the corresponding center of circle of permanent magnet
It can be completely covered by magnetic conduction item positioned at rotary shaft axle center and in rotation to certain angle.
2. Non-contact optical fiber grating torsional vibration measurement device as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: fixed plate side and outstanding
Arm beam fixing end is equipped with the threaded hole of same size, and screw passes through threaded hole and is connected and fixed cantilever beam and fixed plate.
3. Non-contact optical fiber grating torsional vibration measurement device as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: adjusting bracket includes fixing
Pedestal and two brackets, pedestal be equipped with vertical slot, two brackets pass through respectively two groups pass through vertical slot bolt assembly tune
It saves and fixes on the base, level trough, the fixed plate point of two Non-contact optical fiber grating torsional oscillation sensors are equipped on bracket
Not Tong Guo two groups pass through level trough bolt assemblies adjust and be fixed on bracket.
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| CN109186738A (en) * | 2018-07-27 | 2019-01-11 | 武汉理工大学 | Fiber grating torsional oscillation sensor and torsion measuring method |
| CN114454726B (en) * | 2022-01-06 | 2024-01-19 | 北京全路通信信号研究设计院集团有限公司 | Parking positioning method, system and storage medium for maglev train |
| CN115420365A (en) * | 2022-08-12 | 2022-12-02 | 中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司 | Suspension type single-track turnout non-contact fiber bragg grating vibration monitoring system and method |
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