CN106706113A - Non-contact fiber grating torsional vibration sensor and measuring device - Google Patents
Non-contact fiber grating torsional vibration sensor and measuring device Download PDFInfo
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- CN106706113A CN106706113A CN201710144493.XA CN201710144493A CN106706113A CN 106706113 A CN106706113 A CN 106706113A CN 201710144493 A CN201710144493 A CN 201710144493A CN 106706113 A CN106706113 A CN 106706113A
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- fiber grating
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H9/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means
- G01H9/004—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means using fibre optic sensors
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Abstract
The invention relates to a non-contact fiber grating torsional vibration sensor and a measuring device. The non-contact fiber grating torsional vibration sensor comprises a fiber grating, a fixed plate and a nonmagnetic constant-section cantilever beam, wherein one end of the cantilever beam is fixed on the fixed plate, and a permanent magnet is fixed on the surface of the other end; a bulge is arranged in the middle of the cantilever beam; the fiber grating is fixed in a suspension mode between a fixed end of the cantilever beam and the bulge and is parallel to the cantilever beam; a working polar face of the permanent magnet is part of a circular ring; and the non-contact fiber grating torsional vibration measuring device comprises a measuring dial, an adjusting bracket and two non-contact fiber grating torsional vibration sensors, and the measuring dial comprises a nonmagnetic inner ring, a nonmagnetic outer ring, and magnetic conductive strips uniformly distributed between the inner ring and the outer ring. By use of the non-contact fiber grating torsional vibration sensor and measuring device provided by the invention, changes of the magnetic force between the permanent magnet and the magnetic conductive strips can be obtained by measuring a variation relation between wavelength variable quantity of the fiber grating and time; and the non-contact fiber grating torsional vibration sensor and measuring device are simple in structure, convenient to mount, and high in sensitivity.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to vibration measurement field, and in particular to a kind of Non-contact optical fiber grating torsional oscillation sensor and measurement dress
Put.
Background technology
General measure torsional vibration signals use two methods of contact method and eyes with non-contact method, and contact method is directly to install sensor
In measured rotary shaft, the signal transmission between whirligig and fixing device is relatively difficult, for the sensor of electric class,
The arrangement of circuit is cumbersome, for the sensor based on fiber grating, it is necessary to spend higher using rotary connector etc.
Device.Eyes with non-contact method is fixed on sensor on the device outside rotary shaft, being capable of non-contacting capture torsional vibration signals, signal
Transmission very facilitates, and the interference being subject to is small and good stability.Eyes with non-contact method common are survey gear method at present and how general laser is
Le method, surveys tooth method and the repetitional structures such as gear, code-disc is first installed on axle, then with displacement sensor repetitional structure by measuring point
Time change reflect the change of torsional oscillation, torsional vibration signals are present in the phase of pulse signal, be by phase discriminator demodulation side
Can obtain, the treatment work of the method signal is very multiple numerous and diverse, it is difficult to ensure the degree of accuracy, laser Doppler method is utilized and reflexes to rotation
The frequency shift effect of the adjustment light of rotating shaft measures torsional oscillation, is influenceed than larger by rotary shaft and environment, it is difficult to practiced.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of Non-contact optical fiber grating torsional oscillation sensor and measurement apparatus, by measuring light
The wavelength variable quantity relation of changing with time of fine grating can obtain the change of the magnetic force between permanent magnet and magnetic conduction bar, structure letter
Single, easy for installation, sensitivity is high.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
A kind of Non-contact optical fiber grating torsional oscillation sensor, for coordinating with the rotary shaft for being provided with magnetic conduction bar, including light
Fine grating, fixed plate and non magnetic prismatic cantilever beam, cantilever beam one end is vertically fixed in fixed plate, another end surfaces are consolidated
Surely have a permanent magnet, cantilever beam middle part is provided with projection, fiber grating suspension be fixed between cantilever beam fixing end and projection and
Parallel with cantilever beam, the work pole-face of permanent magnet is partial circle.
Further, fixed plate side and cantilever beam fixing end are provided with the screwed hole of formed objects, and screw passes through screwed hole
Cantilever beam and fixed plate are connected.
A kind of Non-contact optical fiber grating torsional vibration measurement device, including Measuring plate, adjusting bracket and two are as described above
Non-contact optical fiber grating torsional oscillation sensor, Measuring plate is equal including nonmagnetic inner ring and outer rings and between inner ring and outer shroud
The magnetic conduction bar of cloth, inner ring can be installed on the rotary shaft, and the both sides of magnetic conduction bar are directed to rotary shaft axle center, the corresponding circle of magnetic conduction bar
The corresponding central angle in gap central angle corresponding with permanent magnet is equal between heart angle and adjacent magnetic conduction bar, and adjusting bracket can divide
Not Tiao Jie two fixed Board positions of Non-contact optical fiber grating torsional oscillation sensor and fixed, during measurement, two contactless opticals
Fine grating torsional oscillation sensor is symmetrical on rotary shaft axle center, and the corresponding center of circle of permanent magnet is located at rotary shaft axle center and is rotating extremely
Can be completely covered by magnetic conduction bar during certain angle.
Further, adjusting bracket includes fixed pedestal and two supports, and pedestal is provided with vertical slot, two support difference
Adjust and be fixed on pedestal by two groups of bolt assemblies through vertical slot, level trough, two noncontacts are equipped with support
The fixed plate of formula fiber grating torsional oscillation sensor is adjusted and is fixed on support by two groups of bolt assemblies through level trough respectively
On.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. magnetic conduction bar is installed, the facing area of magnetic conduction bar and permanent magnet is with rotation when rotary shaft is rotated when measuring in rotary shaft
Gyration changes, and the magnetic force between permanent magnet and magnetic conduction bar can also change, and the magneticaction that permanent magnet is subject to is in cantilever beam
End, cause fiber grating produce strain, the wavelength variable quantity of fiber grating can also produce change, when so allowing for each
The rotary state for carving rotary shaft is recorded, and can be obtained by the wavelength variable quantity relation of changing with time for measuring fiber grating
To the change of the magnetic force between permanent magnet and magnetic conduction bar, and then can obtain the anglec of rotation and change with time relation, that is, turned round
Shake signal.Fiber grating is fixed on a cantilever beam, cantilever beam sets projection and possesses enhanced sensitivity function as elastomer, at middle part,
The sensor construction is simple, easy for installation, sensitivity is high.
2. fixed plate and cantilever beam are contacted by face, mode connects for screw is compressed, and are easy to vertical fixation.
3. when rotary shaft is rotated, each magnetic conduction bar first increases with the increase of the anglec of rotation with the facing area of permanent magnet and subtracts afterwards
It is small, magnetic force first increases and then decreases between permanent magnet and magnetic conduction bar and be in cyclically-varying, the magneticaction that permanent magnet is subject to exists
The end of cantilever beam, causes fiber grating to produce strain, and the wavelength variable quantity of fiber grating is in cyclically-varying, when previous magnetic conduction
Bar away from when, latter magnetic conduction bar be close to, the rotary state for so allowing for each moment rotary shaft is recorded.By measurement
The wavelength variable quantity relation of changing with time of fiber grating can obtain the change of the magnetic force between permanent magnet and magnetic conduction bar, and then
Can obtain the anglec of rotation to change with time relation, that is, obtain torsional vibration signals.The measurement apparatus can by adjust permanent magnet and
The spacing of magnetic conduction bar changes the size of sensitivity, and torsional oscillation is measured using two sensors are arranged symmetrically, part horizontal stroke can be eliminated
The influence caused to vibration, the measurement apparatus simple structure, easy for installation, sensitivity are high.
4. Non-contact optical fiber grating torsional oscillation sensor can quickly be adjusted in vertical and horizontal both direction.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the axonometric drawing of Non-contact optical fiber grating torsional vibration measurement device embodiment.
Fig. 2 is the side view of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the axonometric drawing of Non-contact optical fiber grating torsional oscillation sensor embodiment.
Fig. 4 is the front view of Fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is the side view of Fig. 3.
Fig. 6 is the front view of Measuring plate in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.
Fig. 7 is the sectional view of A-A in Fig. 6.
In figure:1. rotary shaft;2. Measuring plate;3. Non-contact optical fiber grating torsional oscillation sensor;4. through the spiral shell of level trough
Bolt assembly;5. support;6. through the bolt assembly of vertical slot;7. pedestal;2-1. inner ring;2-2. magnetic conduction bars;2-3. outer shrouds;3-1.
Fixed plate;3-2. screws;3-3. cantilever beams;3-4. fiber gratings;3-5. permanent magnets;3-6. round tube holes.
Specific embodiment
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
As shown in Figures 3 to 5, a kind of Non-contact optical fiber grating torsional oscillation sensor 3, for magnetic conduction bar 2-2 is installed
Rotary shaft 1 coordinate, including fiber grating 3-4, fixed plate 3-1 and non magnetic prismatic cantilever beam 3-3, cantilever beam 3-3 mono-
End is vertically fixed on fixed plate 3-1, another end surfaces are fixed with permanent magnet 3-5 (permanent magnet 3-5 is pasted onto cantilever beam 3-3 tables
On face, the center of permanent magnet overlaps with the end of cantilever beam 3-3), cantilever beam 3-3 middle parts are provided with projection, fiber grating 3-4 suspensions
Be fixed between cantilever beam 3-3 fixing ends and projection and parallel with cantilever beam 3-3 (fiber grating 3-4 is by gluing solid
It is fixed), the work pole-face of permanent magnet is partial circle.Magnetic conduction bar 2-2 is installed, rotary shaft 1 is led when rotating during measurement in rotary shaft 1
The facing area of magnetic stripe 2-2 and permanent magnet 3-5 changes with the anglec of rotation, and the magnetic force between permanent magnet 3-5 and magnetic conduction bar 2-2 also can
Change, the magneticaction that permanent magnet 3-5 is subject to causes fiber grating 3-4 to produce strain, light in the end of cantilever beam 3-3
The wavelength variable quantity of fine grating 3-4 can also produce change, and the rotary state for so allowing for each moment rotary shaft 1 is recorded
Come, permanent magnet 3-5 and magnetic conduction bar 2-2 can obtain by the wavelength variable quantity relation of changing with time for measuring fiber grating 3-4
Between magnetic force change, and then can obtain the anglec of rotation and change with time relation, that is, obtain torsional vibration signals.By fiber grating
3-4 is fixed on cantilever beam 3-3, and cantilever beam 3-3 sets projection and possesses enhanced sensitivity function as elastomer, at middle part, the sensor
Simple structure, easy for installation, sensitivity are high.
As shown in Figures 3 to 5, in the present embodiment, fixed plate 3-1 sides and cantilever beam 3-3 fixing ends are provided with identical big
Be connected for cantilever beam 3-3 and fixed plate 3-1 through screwed hole by small screwed hole, screw 3-2.Fixed plate 3-1 and cantilever beam
3-3 is contacted by face, screw 3-2 is connected and compressed, and is easy to vertical fixation.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, a kind of Non-contact optical fiber grating torsional vibration measurement device, including Measuring plate 2, adjusting bracket with
And two Non-contact optical fiber grating torsional oscillation sensors 3 as described above, as shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7, Measuring plate 2 includes non magnetic
Inner ring 2-1 and outer shroud 2-3 and uniform between inner ring 2-1 and outer shroud 2-3 magnetic conduction bar 2-2, inner ring 2-1 can be arranged on
In rotary shaft 1, the both sides of magnetic conduction bar 2-2 are directed to the axle center of rotary shaft 1, the corresponding central angles of magnetic conduction bar 2-2 and adjacent magnetic conduction
The corresponding central angle in gap central angle corresponding with permanent magnet is equal between bar 2-2, adjusting bracket can adjust respectively two it is non-
The fixed plate 3-1 positions of contact type optical fiber grating torsional oscillation sensor 3 are simultaneously fixed, and during measurement, two Non-contact optical fiber gratings are turned round
Vibration sensor 3 is symmetrical on the axle center of rotary shaft 1, and the corresponding center of circle of permanent magnet is located at the axle center of rotary shaft 1 and in rotation to certain
Can be completely covered by magnetic conduction bar 2-2 during angle.When rotary shaft 1 is rotated, the right opposite of each magnetic conduction bar 2-2 and permanent magnet 3-5
Product with the anglec of rotation increase first increases and then decreases, magnetic force first increases and then decreases between permanent magnet 3-5 and magnetic conduction bar 2-2 is in simultaneously
Cyclically-varying, the magneticaction that permanent magnet 3-5 is subject to causes fiber grating 3-4 to produce strain in the end of cantilever beam 3-3,
The wavelength variable quantity of fiber grating 3-4 be in cyclically-varying, when previous magnetic conduction bar 2-2 away from when, latter magnetic conduction bar 2-2 be close to,
The rotary state for so allowing for each moment rotary shaft 1 is recorded.By the wavelength variable quantity for measuring fiber grating 3-4
The relation of changing with time can obtain the change of the magnetic force between permanent magnet 3-5 and magnetic conduction bar 2-2, and then can obtain the anglec of rotation
Change with time relation, that is, obtain torsional vibration signals.The measurement apparatus can be by adjusting permanent magnet 3-5's and magnetic conduction bar 2-2
Spacing change sensitivity size, measured using two sensors are arranged symmetrically torsional oscillation, can eliminate parts transversely vibration make
Into influence, the measurement apparatus simple structure, easy for installation, sensitivity are high.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, in the present embodiment, adjusting bracket includes fixed pedestal 7 (pedestal 7 is fixed on experimental bench)
With two supports 5, pedestal 7 is provided with vertical slot, and two supports 5 are respectively by two groups of (spiral shells of bolt assembly 6 through vertical slot
Bolt, pad and nut) adjust and be fixed on pedestal 7, level trough is equipped with support 5, two Non-contact optical fiber gratings are turned round
The fixed plate 3-1 of vibration sensor 3 is adjusted and is fixed on support 5 by two groups of bolt assemblies 4 through level trough respectively.It is non-to connect
Touch fiber grating torsional oscillation sensor 3 can quickly be adjusted in vertical and horizontal both direction.
In the present embodiment, inner ring 2-1, outer shroud 2-3 and cantilever beam 3-3 are the smaller nonmagnetic substance such as aluminium of magnetic conductivity
Alloy, copper, to avoid interfering the magnetic force of permanent magnet 3-5.
The measuring principle of the embodiment of the present invention is as follows:
When rotary shaft 1 is rotated, the facing area of each magnetic conduction bar 2-2 and permanent magnet 3-5 with the anglec of rotation increase elder generation
Reduce after increase, anglec of rotation θ (t) changes over time, the facing area of magnetic conduction bar 2-2 and permanent magnet 3-5 is,
Wherein S is facing area, the r of magnetic conduction bar 2-2 and permanent magnet 3-51It is permanent magnet 3-5 miner diameter ends radius, r2It is permanent magnetism
Iron 3-5 bigger diameter ends radius, θ (t) are the anglec of rotation for changing over time.
Magnetic force between permanent magnet 3-5 and magnetic conduction bar 2-2 changes with the change of facing area, according to public according to magnetic field
The relation that formula can be obtained between them is,
Wherein F is magnetic force, the μ between permanent magnet 3-5 and magnetic conduction bar 2-20It is absolute permeability of vacuum, μrIt is permeability magnetic material
Relative permeability, B be magnetic field intensity (magnetic field intensity and permanent magnet 3-5 and magnetic conductions of the permanent magnet 3-5 around magnetic conduction bar 2-2
Distance, the material of permanent magnet 3-5, the permanent magnet 3-5 shapes of bar 2-2 etc. are relevant, and permanent magnet 3-5 provides open magnetic circuit cannot be entered
Row is accurately calculated, it is necessary to be obtained according to actual conditions measurement).
It is generally believed that magnetic fields of the permanent magnet 3-5 around magnetic conduction bar 2-2 is equally distributed, and permeability magnetic material magnetic
Conductance is much larger than 1, then above formula can be reduced to,
Permanent magnet 3-5 is fixed on cantilever beam 3-3, cantilever beam 3-3 is produced and the equal-sized active force of magnetic force, effect
Put in one end (other end of cantilever beam 3-3 is fixed) of cantilever beam 3-3, understood with reference to the theory of Elasticity and the mechanics of materials,
1) for uniform cantilever beam 3-3, the direct stress of each point is on its arbitrary cross section,
Wherein σ is that the direct stress of each point, M (x) are the cross section to cantilever beam on uniform cantilever beam 3-3 arbitrary cross sections
Moment of flexure of the 3-3 fixing ends at x, y be on the cross section each point to the distance of neutral axis, I be the cross section centering axle
The moment of inertia.
2) have for uniform cantilever beam 3-3,
M (x)=F (L-x)
Wherein F is active force (being equal to the magnetic force between permanent magnet 3-5 and magnetic conduction bar 2-2), the L in cantilever beam 3-3 ends
It is the length of cantilever beam 3-3.
3) have for uiform section rectangular solid cantilever beam 3-3,
Width, thickness that h be cantilever beam 3-3 of the wherein b for cantilever beam 3-3.
4) surface (at the h) each point for uiform section rectangular solid cantilever beam 3-3 has,
5) have for stress and strain,
σ=E εh
Wherein E is elastic modelling quantity, the ε of cantilever beam 3-3 materialshIt is the strain on cantilever beam 3-3 surfaces (at h).
1) it is to the strain that 5) can obtain cantilever beam 3-3 surfaces (at h) above simultaneous,
According to the flexural deformation geometrical relationship of uiform section rectangular solid cantilever beam 3-3, strain is equal toWherein ρ is curvature
Radius (for one determination section, ρ is constant), it follows that the line strain of same section any point with arrive neutral line
Distance is directly proportional, i.e. the relation proportional to the strain at apparent height h+t of strain at cantilever beam 3-3 surface h,
Simultaneous (4) (5) is obtained
Wherein e is length, the ε of the cantilever beam 3-3 between raised and cantilever beam 3-3 starting pointsh+tFor cantilever beam 3-3 surfaces are high
Strain (i.e. the strain of fiber grating 3-4) at degree h+t.
With reference to fiber grating 3-4 center wavelength variations amount and the relation for straining,
Centre wavelength, wavelength shift, Ps that Δ λ be fiber grating 3-4 of the wherein λ for fiber grating 3-4eIt is optical fiber
Elasto-optical coefficient.
Simultaneous (1) (3) (6) is obtained
Because two Non-contact optical fiber grating torsional oscillation sensors 3 are symmetrically installed, when there is horizontal interference vibration, two
The corresponding anglec of rotation of measurement value sensor is respectively θ1(t)、θ2(t), the actual anglec of rotation of rotary shaft 1 is θ (t), then have,
(9)
Wherein λ1And λ2The respectively two middle cardiac waves of the fiber grating 3-4 of Non-contact optical fiber grating torsional oscillation sensor 3
Long, Δ λ1(t) and Δ λ2T () is respectively two fiber grating 3-4 of Non-contact optical fiber grating torsional oscillation sensor 3 with the time
The wavelength shift of change.
Can be obtained by (9) (10) (11),
According to (12) formula by two wavelength shifts of the fiber grating 3-4 of Non-contact optical fiber grating 3-4 sensors with
The change of time obtains the relation that changes with time of the anglec of rotation of rotary shaft 1, that is, obtain torsional vibration signals.
It should be appreciated that for those of ordinary skills, can according to the above description be improved or converted,
And all these modifications and variations should all belong to the protection domain of appended claims of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of Non-contact optical fiber grating torsional oscillation sensor, it is characterised in that:For matching somebody with somebody with the rotary shaft for being provided with magnetic conduction bar
Close, including fiber grating, fixed plate and non magnetic prismatic cantilever beam, cantilever beam one end is vertically fixed in fixed plate, another
End surface is fixed with permanent magnet, and cantilever beam middle part is provided with projection, and fiber grating suspension is fixed on cantilever beam fixing end and convex
Between rising and parallel with cantilever beam, the work pole-face of permanent magnet is partial circle.
2. Non-contact optical fiber grating torsional oscillation sensor as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that:Fixed plate side and cantilever
Beam fixing end is provided with the screwed hole of formed objects, and be connected for cantilever beam and fixed plate through screwed hole by screw.
3. a kind of Non-contact optical fiber grating torsional vibration measurement device, it is characterised in that:Including Measuring plate, adjusting bracket and two such as
Non-contact optical fiber grating torsional oscillation sensor described in claim 1 or 2, Measuring plate include nonmagnetic inner ring and outer rings and
Uniform magnetic conduction bar between inner ring and outer shroud, inner ring can be installed on the rotary shaft, and the both sides of magnetic conduction bar are directed to rotary shaft
Axle center, the corresponding central angle in the gap center of circle corresponding with permanent magnet between the corresponding central angle of magnetic conduction bar and adjacent magnetic conduction bar
Angle is equal, and adjusting bracket can respectively adjust two fixed Board positions of Non-contact optical fiber grating torsional oscillation sensor and fixed, survey
During amount, two Non-contact optical fiber grating torsional oscillation sensors are symmetrical on rotary shaft axle center, and the corresponding center of circle of permanent magnet is located at rotation
Rotating shaft core and rotation to certain angle when can be completely covered by magnetic conduction bar.
4. Non-contact optical fiber grating torsional vibration measurement device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that:Adjusting bracket includes fixing
Pedestal and two supports, pedestal is provided with vertical slot, and two supports are adjusted by two groups of bolt assemblies through vertical slot respectively
Save and be fixed on pedestal, level trough, two fixed plates of Non-contact optical fiber grating torsional oscillation sensor point are equipped with support
Do not adjust and be fixed on support by two groups of bolt assemblies through level trough.
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN109186738A (en) * | 2018-07-27 | 2019-01-11 | 武汉理工大学 | Fiber grating torsional oscillation sensor and torsion measuring method |
CN114454726A (en) * | 2022-01-06 | 2022-05-10 | 北京全路通信信号研究设计院集团有限公司 | Parking positioning method, system and storage medium for magnetic-levitation train |
CN115420365A (en) * | 2022-08-12 | 2022-12-02 | 中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司 | Suspension type single-track turnout non-contact fiber bragg grating vibration monitoring system and method |
CN115420365B (en) * | 2022-08-12 | 2024-07-09 | 中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司 | Suspension type monorail turnout non-contact fiber bragg grating vibration monitoring system and method |
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Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN109186738A (en) * | 2018-07-27 | 2019-01-11 | 武汉理工大学 | Fiber grating torsional oscillation sensor and torsion measuring method |
CN114454726A (en) * | 2022-01-06 | 2022-05-10 | 北京全路通信信号研究设计院集团有限公司 | Parking positioning method, system and storage medium for magnetic-levitation train |
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CN115420365A (en) * | 2022-08-12 | 2022-12-02 | 中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司 | Suspension type single-track turnout non-contact fiber bragg grating vibration monitoring system and method |
CN115420365B (en) * | 2022-08-12 | 2024-07-09 | 中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司 | Suspension type monorail turnout non-contact fiber bragg grating vibration monitoring system and method |
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