CN106705900A - Hole form adaptive bore cylindricity pneumatic composite detection device and measuring method - Google Patents

Hole form adaptive bore cylindricity pneumatic composite detection device and measuring method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106705900A
CN106705900A CN201710018917.8A CN201710018917A CN106705900A CN 106705900 A CN106705900 A CN 106705900A CN 201710018917 A CN201710018917 A CN 201710018917A CN 106705900 A CN106705900 A CN 106705900A
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China
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air
pneumatic
taper
endoporus
blast
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CN106705900B (en
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刘振宇
马腾
刘达新
王科
谭建荣
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B13/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of fluids
    • G01B13/18—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of fluids for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes
    • G01B13/19—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of fluids for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes for testing the alignment of axes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B13/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of fluids
    • G01B13/08—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of fluids for measuring diameters
    • G01B13/10—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of fluids for measuring diameters internal diameters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B13/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of fluids
    • G01B13/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of fluids for measuring contours or curvatures
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B13/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of fluids
    • G01B13/18—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of fluids for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes

Abstract

The invention discloses a hole form adaptive bore cylindricity pneumatic composite detection device and a measuring method; the hole form adaptive bore cylindricity pneumatic composite detection device comprises a pneumatic measuring assembly and a matching calibration gauge; a pneumatic measuring head is provided with four conicity pneumatic nozzles and four linearity pneumatic nozzles; the method comprises the following steps: calibrating pneumatic nozzles; synchronically measuring a linearity error, a circularity error and a conicity error; determining qualification for the first time so as to obtain the average diameter of four cross sections of the bore; obtaining the bore hole form according to the average diameter of the four cross sections; using a primary-secondary distinguish mode to carry out adaptive cylindricity calculation, thus obtaining a cylindricity error value; finally determining the qualification for the second time. The composite pneumatic detection device and measuring method can effectively determine various bore hole forms, use the adaptive algorithm to calculate the cylindricity, so the measuring precision is high, and the measuring result is reliable; the method and device are wide in working condition application scope, can detect workpieces in field, thus greatly improving measuring efficiency.

Description

The pneumatic combination detection device of endoporus cylindricity and measuring method of hole shape self adaptation
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of endoporus precise detection device and measuring method, especially for the scene of precision-fit endoporus The pneumatic combination detection device of endoporus cylindricity and measuring method of a kind of hole shape self adaptation of detection.
Background technology
The machining accuracy of precision-fit endoporus is the key factor for determining some parts performances.Endoporus deviation from cylindrical form is Ensure the important performance indexes of quality of fit.Deviation from cylindrical form requirement of the designer to precision-fit hole often only has several micro- Rice, and endoporus mostly elongated shape, therefore the detection of endoporus cylindricity becomes further difficult.
At present, detection of the in the market to product endoporus cylindricity mainly has traditional, pneumatic amount instrument detection method, roundness measuring equipment method, three Coordinate measuring machine method.Traditional pneumatic detection is by detecting certain single form error, such as linearity or taper of endoporus For substituting cylindricity, it is clear that this measuring method is difficult in adapt to different hole shapes, and its evaluation result and true deviation from cylindrical form are very Greatly, it is difficult to meet measurement request.Additionally, this method replaces cylindricity by single form error, generation few comprising endoporus information Table is poor.
Liu Huijian etc. is in a kind of patent " comprehensive detection device and method of testing of steering rack accuracy value (201610025563.5) in ", with the diameter extreme difference of surveyed slender rod piece, bounce extreme difference and linearity numerical computations cylinder Degree.Linearity is measured using guide rail in the device, very big error can be introduced, when precision reaches micron order, it is difficult to accurate measurement. Additionally, not having detailed cylindricity computing formula in text.
Roundness measuring equipment method, three coordinate measuring machine method detection endoporus cylindricity are the most accurate, but need to be examined in special measuring room Survey, detecting step is complicated, the cycle is long, high cost, is not suitable with the detection of typical products in mass production, cannot also be detected in production scene.Especially When it is the endoporus that detection need to be corrected repeatedly, detection cycle is long to cause production efficiency very low.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, there is provided a kind of endoporus cylindricity of hole shape self adaptation is pneumatic Combination detection device and measuring method, with hole shape adaptive characteristic, can high precision test elongated bore deviation from cylindrical form, and in fact Existing production scene detection, improve production efficiency.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is：
First, the pneumatic combination detection device of endoporus cylindricity of a kind of hole shape self adaptation：
Including pneumatic gauging component and its supporting control gauge.
Pneumatic gauging component includes tracheae protective case, spring, nut, handle, postive stop baffle and Pneumatic measuring head；Pneumatic survey Amount tail end is connected through postive stop baffle with handle head end, and postive stop baffle is positioned for being connected to hole end surface, and handle is hollow Structure, tracheae protective case and spring are fixedly connected on handle tail end nut by nut.
Four groups of taper air-blast atomizers and four linearity air-blast atomizers are provided with Pneumatic measuring head, wherein：Four groups of taper gas With two for one group, every group of two taper air-blast atomizers are arranged symmetrically in the two of the same cross section of Pneumatic measuring head to dynamic nozzle Side, the taper air-blast atomizer of difference group is arranged on Pneumatic measuring head varying cross-section, and the tapered air-blast atomizer of institute is arranged in On the same axial cross section of Pneumatic measuring head, every group of taper air-blast atomizer connects after respective tracheae with respective air-gauge Connect, tracheae connects air-gauge after being covered through the gentle protection of pipe of handle, so that four groups of taper air-blast atomizers form axially spaced The pneumatic detections of No. four taper of arrangement；In four linearity air-blast atomizers, two of which linearity air-blast atomizer is arranged in pneumatic The same side in the middle part of measurement head, two other linearity air-blast atomizer is arranged in the opposite side at Pneumatic measuring head both ends, Four linearity air-blast atomizers are arranged on the same axial cross section of Pneumatic measuring head, and the axial direction where linearity air-blast atomizer Section is perpendicular with axial cross section where taper air-blast atomizer, all linearity air-blast atomizers by after same tracheae with it is same One air-gauge is connected, and tracheae connects air-gauge after being covered through the gentle protection of pipe of handle, so that four linearity air-blast atomizers Form the pneumatic detection of taper all the way.
The supporting control gauge includes linearity upper limit control gauge, linearity lower limit control gauge, assisted calibration rule, diameter Upper limit control gauge and diameter lower limit control gauge, five control gauges are thimble structure.
Described Pneumatic measuring head lateral wall is provided with multiple guiding gutters vertically, and guiding gutter is arranged on an exhaust vertically Dynamic nozzle side simultaneously communicates with the air-blast atomizer annular groove.
The linearity air-blast atomizer is arranged on Pneumatic measuring head simultaneously with the taper air-blast atomizer, and is measured simultaneously Go out the variously-shaped error of endoporus to be used to obtain cylindricity.
2nd, the pneumatic combined measurement method of endoporus cylindricity of a kind of hole shape self adaptation, using following steps：
1) air-blast atomizer calibration：The straight line degree measurement nozzle and taper measurement nozzle on calibration Pneumatic measuring head, make respectively Alignment degree is advised with linearity upper limit control gauge, linearity lower limit control gauge and assisted calibration and measure nozzle, using diametrically Limit control gauge, diameter lower limit control gauge calibration taper measurement nozzle；
2) synchro measure straightness error, deviation from circular from and taper error：
The duplex measurement device is put into measured hole, postive stop baffle is contacted with endoporus outer face so that pneumatic gauging The axial direction of head and measured hole overlaps positioning, then rotary pneumatic measurement head tour, by five air-gauges use with Under type is measured, and record obtains the measurement data of linearity, circularity and taper, specially endoporus axis verticality δA, four groups of cones The endoporus circularity δ of cross section where degree air-blast atomizerB、δC、δD、δEAnd hole taper δF；The present invention is using air-blast atomizer in gas The data that momentum instrument measurement is obtained are the diameter datas at air-blast atomizer place.
3) first time qualification judges：Maximum in all measurement data is found using below equation
And by maximumIt is compared with cylindricity tolerance requirement Δ, ifThen think not meeting tolerance, Inner hole of workpiece processing is unqualified；IfThen continue next step；
4) measurement obtains the average diameter of endoporus cross section everywhere, and passes through the average diameter of cross section everywhere and obtain endoporus Hole shape；
5) distinguishing mode using primary and secondary carries out self adaptation cylindricity calculating, obtains deviation from cylindrical form value δ；
6) second qualification judges：It is compared again with deviation from cylindrical form value δ and cylindricity tolerance requirement Δ, works as δ During≤Δ, then it is assumed that inner hole of workpiece processing is qualified；Work as δ>During Δ, then it is assumed that inner hole of workpiece processing is unqualified.
The step 2) it is specially：
I) linearity：During Pneumatic measuring head rotates a circle, it is pneumatic that real time record linearity air-blast atomizer is connected The diameter data that amount instrument is collected, subtracts minimum value and takes subtract each other rear difference 1/2nd as interior with the maximum for collecting Axially bored line linearity δA；
II) circularity：During Pneumatic measuring head rotates a circle, record what four groups of taper air-blast atomizers were each connected respectively The diameter data that air-gauge is collected, minimum value is subtracted by the maximum in the diameter data of same taper air-blast atomizer Difference as endoporus circularity, thus respectively obtain the endoporus circularity δ of cross section where four groups of taper air-blast atomizersB、δC、δD、 δE；
III) taper：By Pneumatic measuring head in the fixed anglec of rotation in four groups of diameter datas of taper air-blast atomizer most Big value subtracts minimum value, and takes 1/2nd acquisition differences, then measures the Pneumatic measuring head process of rotating a circle, and takes institute There is the maximum of difference in rotary angle position as hole taper δF。
The step 4) it is specially：
4.1) measure and calculate the average diameter of endoporus cross section everywhere：
For four groups of taper air-blast atomizers of Pneumatic measuring head, collected in Pneumatic measuring head with respective air-gauge All diameter datas in rotating a circle, the endoporus average diameter averaged as cross section where the taper air-blast atomizer, So as to obtain the average diameter d of cross section everywhere successivelyP0、dP1、dP2And dP3, and calculate the flat of average cross-sectional diameter everywhere Average dP=(dP0+dP1+dP2+dP3)/4；
4.2) the hole shape based on pore size relation judges：
If I) | (dP0、dP1、dP2、dP3)-dP|≤ε (the i.e. average diameters and d of cross section everywherePDeviation no more than setting Fixed threshold epsilon), then it is isometrical curved hole, otherwise do follow-up judgement；
If II) meet dP0<(dP1、dP2)<dP3Or dP0>(dP1、dP2)>dP3, then endoporus one end is big, and one end is small, and cone is presented Shape, is bellmouth；
If III) meet dP0<(dP1、dP2) and dP3<(dP1、dP2) or meet dP0>(dP1、dP2) and dP3>(dP1、dP2), then Endoporus narrowing toward each end broad in the middle is presented convex, or the big presentation spill in middle small two ends, is concavo-convex hole；
It is other shape holes if IV) do not meet the situation of above-mentioned I, II or III.
The step 5) it is specially in the following ways respectively for isometrical curved hole, bellmouth, concavo-convex hole and other shape holes Calculate and obtain deviation from cylindrical form value：
I) isometrical curved hole is calculated using below equation and obtains deviation from cylindrical form value δ, and the axis verticality in axial cross section is missed Difference is the chief component of isometrical curved hole deviation from cylindrical form, and the deviation from circular from cross section is secondary part, cylindricity Error is the synthesis of axis straightness error and deviation from circular from：
II) bellmouth is calculated using below equation and obtains deviation from cylindrical form value δ, and the taper error in axial cross section is taper The chief component of hole deviation from cylindrical form, the deviation from circular from cross section is secondary part, and deviation from cylindrical form is taper The synthesis of error and deviation from circular from：
III) concavo-convex hole is calculated using below equation and obtains deviation from cylindrical form value δ, and the taper error in axial cross section is concavo-convex The chief component of shape hole deviation from cylindrical form, the deviation from circular from cross section is secondary part, and deviation from cylindrical form is cone The synthesis of degree error and deviation from circular from：
IV) other shape holes are calculated using below equation and obtain deviation from cylindrical form value δ, all roundness errors, taper error Maximum in value, straightness error value is plus the maximum in above-mentioned numerical value in section where the non-maximum partly as circle Post degree error amount, the two numerical value for constituting deviation from cylindrical form value are taken respectively from cross section in two kinds of sections with axial cross section Error amount；
When roundness error is for maximum：
When roundness error is not for maximum：
Wherein, δARepresent endoporus axis verticality, δB、δC、δD、δECross section where four groups of taper air-blast atomizers is interior respectively Hole circularity, δFRepresent hole taper.
Section involved in the present invention includes the axial cross section parallel to axial direction and the cross section perpendicular to axial direction.
The present invention, need to be comprehensive to survey straight according to the result of hole shape adaptive judgement when PCU is measured Dimension error, deviation from circular from and taper error calculate deviation from cylindrical form.
The present invention has advantages below：
1) device is the high accuracy with hole shape adaptive characteristic, combined type elongated bore cylindricity PCU. Traditional pneumatic gauging component, can only measure single roundness error, straightness error value etc. and be used to replace cylindricity.And Apparatus of the present invention calculate deviation from cylindrical form, energy using the straightness error value, roundness error, taper error value for measuring simultaneously Cylindricity on enough more preferable approximation theories, greatly improves measurement accuracy.
2) when traditional, pneumatic measurement assembly only surveys a kind of form error instead of deviation from cylindrical form, particular bore shape can only be measured, Other shape holes cannot accurately be measured.For example measure the gauge head of bellmouth, it is difficult to male ports are accurately measured, because the former error is main It is present in cross section, and the latter's error is primarily present in axle section.It is similar only to survey deviation from circular from, can also face partial hole shape without The problem of method measurement, causes measurement error very big.
And combined type gauge head disclosed by the invention, can simultaneously measure straightness error, deviation from circular from, taper error, and And calculating cylindricity with the self adaptation cylindricity algorithm based on primary and secondary differentiation mode so that device to hole shape of the present invention has self adaptation Characteristic, solves the problems, such as that a kind of gauge head can only measure part special hole well.
3) when traditional pneumatic gauging component passes through taper approximate substitution deviation from cylindrical form value, measurement head individual layer substep is surveyed Amount, it cannot be guaranteed that each measurement position gauge head axis overlaps during lifting, so as to cause error.And the present invention is integral type measurement head, Four diameter of section values can be simultaneously measured, because simultaneously each measurement feature is measured on a benchmark, measurement result reliability should Pneumatic measuring head makes elongated shape, being capable of high-precision measurement elongated bore.
4) measuring method of the present invention is applicable measurement range extensively, can detect in place online, without putting the workpiece in measuring room, greatly Big to improve measurement efficiency, method is simple to operate, easy, low to workman's technical requirements.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of apparatus of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the flow chart of apparatus of the present invention measuring method；
Fig. 3 is apparatus of the present invention linearity nozzle calibration schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 is that apparatus of the present invention taper nozzle upper limit ring gauge calibrates schematic diagram；
Fig. 5 is that apparatus of the present invention taper nozzle lower limit ring gauge calibrates schematic diagram；
Fig. 6 is apparatus of the present invention detection example schematic diagram；
Fig. 7 is that apparatus of the present invention measure isometrical curved hole schematic diagram；
Fig. 8 is that apparatus of the present invention measure bellmouth schematic diagram；
Fig. 9 is that apparatus of the present invention measure concave hole schematic diagram.
In figure, tracheae protective case 1, spring 2, nut 3, handle 4, postive stop baffle 5, Pneumatic measuring head 6, taper air-blast atomizer 60th, 61,62,63, linearity air-blast atomizer 64,65,66,67, guiding gutter 7, linearity upper limit control gauge 8, linearity lower limit school Quasi- rule 9, assisted calibration rule 10, diameter upper limit control gauge 11, diameter lower limit control gauge 12, measured hole 13.
Specific embodiment
The following is the specific embodiment invented and with reference to accompanying drawing, technical scheme is further described, but The present invention is not limited to these embodiments.
Apparatus of the present invention include pneumatic gauging component and its supporting control gauge.
As shown in figure 1, pneumatic gauging component includes that tracheae protective case 1, spring 2, nut 3, handle 4, postive stop baffle 5 are gentle Dynamic measurement head 6；The tail end of Pneumatic measuring head 6 is connected through postive stop baffle 5 with the head end of handle 4, and handle 4 is hollow structure, tracheae protection Set 1 and spring 2 are fixedly connected on the tail end of handle 4 by nut 3.
As shown in figure 1, be provided with Pneumatic measuring head 6 four groups of taper air-blast atomizers and four linearity air-blast atomizers 64,65, 66th, 67, four groups of taper air-blast atomizers with two for one group, four groups of taper air-blast atomizers from head end to tail end are followed successively by 60,61, 62nd, 63, every group of two taper air-blast atomizers are arranged symmetrically in the both sides of the same cross section of Pneumatic measuring head 6, the cone of difference group Degree air-blast atomizer is arranged on the varying cross-section of Pneumatic measuring head 6, and it is same that the tapered air-blast atomizer of institute is arranged in Pneumatic measuring head 6 On one axial cross section, every group of taper air-blast atomizer is connected after respective tracheae with respective air-gauge, and tracheae passes through hand Air-gauge is connected after the gentle protection of pipe of handle 4 set 1, so that four groups of taper air-blast atomizers form axially spaced apart four roads cone Spend pneumatic detection.
In four linearity air-blast atomizers 64,65,66,67, two of which linearity air-blast atomizer 64,65 is arranged in pneumatic The same side at the middle part of measurement head 6, two other linearity air-blast atomizer 66,67 is arranged in the both ends of Pneumatic measuring head 6 Opposite side, four linearity air-blast atomizers are arranged on the same axial cross section of Pneumatic measuring head 6, and linearity air-blast atomizer institute Axial cross section it is perpendicular with axial cross section where taper air-blast atomizer, all linearity air-blast atomizers pass through same gas The same air-gauge connections of Guan Houyu, tracheae connects air-gauge after covering 1 through the gentle protection of pipe of handle 4, so that four straight lines Degree air-blast atomizer forms the pneumatic detection of taper all the way.The lateral wall of Pneumatic measuring head 6 is provided with multiple guiding gutters 7 vertically, water conservancy diversion Groove 7 is arranged on row's air-blast atomizer side vertically and is communicated with air-blast atomizer annular groove.
Supporting control gauge includes linearity upper limit control gauge 8, linearity lower limit control gauge 9, assisted calibration rule 10, diameter Upper limit control gauge 11 and diameter lower limit control gauge 12, five control gauges are thimble structure, as seen in figures 3-5.
As detection object, cylindricity tolerance requirement is Δ to spool bore cylindricity with load sensing multi-way valve work connection valve body =3 μm.Three pieces of valve bodies a, b, c are chosen in a collection of valve body for completing processing, is detected respectively by the inventive method, its flow As shown in Figure 2.Embodiments of the invention and its implementation process are as follows：
1) the dynamic nozzle calibration of advanced promoting the circulation of qi：Pneumatic gauging component is connected with air-gauge, the multiplying power of air-gauge is adjusted And zero point.
As shown in figure 3, carrying out alignment degree measurement nozzle：Measurement head 6 is fixed, by the calibration of upper limit control gauge 8, lower limit Rule 9 and assisted calibration rule 10 are enclosed within gauge head, and now upper limit control gauge 8 covers air-blast atomizer 67, and assisted calibration rule 10 cover gas Dynamic nozzle 66, lower limit control gauge 9 covers air-blast atomizer 64,65, air-gauge buoy is transferred to the lower position of graduated scale simultaneously； Then the exchange of upper and lower limit control gauge is enclosed within gauge head, now upper limit control gauge 8 covers air-blast atomizer 64,65 simultaneously, will be pneumatic Amount instrument buoy is transferred to the upper limit position of graduated scale.
As shown in Figure 4, Figure 5, carry out calibrating taper measurement nozzle：Measurement head 6 is fixed, upper limit control gauge 11 is enclosed within survey On head, air-blast atomizer 63 is covered, air-gauge buoy is transferred to the upper limit position of graduated scale；Upper limit control gauge 11 is removed, by under Limit control gauge 12 is enclosed within measurement head 6, and air-gauge buoy is transferred to the lower position of graduated scale；According to above-mentioned same procedure school Quasi- air-blast atomizer 60,61,62.
2) combined type measurement head synchro measure straightness error, deviation from circular from and taper error：
Duplex measurement device is slowly put into measured hole 13 as shown in Figure 6, postive stop baffle 5 connects with the outer face of endoporus 13 Touch so that the axial direction of Pneumatic measuring head 6 and measured hole 13 overlaps positioning, then the tour of rotary pneumatic measurement head 6, it is logical Cross five air-gauges to measure in the following ways, record obtains the measurement data of linearity, circularity and taper, specially endoporus Axis verticality δA, cross section where four groups of taper air-blast atomizers endoporus circularity δB、δC、δD、δEAnd hole taper δF。
I) air-gauge that record linearity air-blast atomizer 64,65,66,67 is connected rotates a circle in Pneumatic measuring head 6 In diameter data, maximum subtracts minimum value, take secondly point one obtain endoporus axis verticality δA.The valve element of valve body a, b, c Axially bored line straight line degree measurement result is as shown in table 1.
The spool bore axis verticality measurement result of table 1
Valve body a Valve body b Valve body c
Spool bore axis verticality δA/μm 1.2 0.4 0.3
II) air-gauge that four taper air-blast atomizers 60,61,62,63 of record are each connected respectively is rotating a circle In diameter data, the maximum in the same all diameter datas of taper air-blast atomizer is subtracted into minimum value, respectively obtain four The endoporus circularity δ of cross section where individual nozzleB、δC、δD、δE.According to the metering system shown in Fig. 7~9, measure respectively valve body a, The circularity δ of four sections 1-1,2-2,3-3,4-4 in b, c spool boreB、δC、δD、δE, measurement result is as shown in table 2.
The roundness measurement result of the spool bore different cross section of table 2
III) four taper air-blast atomizers 60,61,62,63 are recorded the maximum of measurement data in the same anglec of rotation Value subtracts minimum value, and takes 1/2nd acquisition differences, the measurement data under different rotary angle is taken successively and does identical difference, revolves The maximum of difference is taken after circling, hole taper δ is obtainedF.By this metering system, respectively to the cone of valve body a, b, c spool bore Degree is measured, and obtains 0-180 °, 45-225 °, 90-270 °, 135-315 ° of four groups of diameter measurement data (two paired angles The anglec of rotation where distinguishing for two taper air-blast atomizers being arranged symmetrically), by being calculated the taper of spool bore, measurement Result is as shown in table 3~5.
The spool bore taper measurement data and result of the valve body a of table 3
The spool bore taper measurement data and result of the valve body b of table 4
The spool bore taper measurement data and result of the valve body c of table 5
3) the first time qualification based on individual event worst error judges：Deviation from cylindrical form can be by being tested face of cylinder cross section Substituted with the synthesis of the form error in axial cross section, the former is represented with deviation from circular from, the latter's axis verticality or plain line Taper is represented；
The maximum in all measured values is found first
The cylindricity tolerance requirement that designer specifies is Δ, ifThink not meeting tolerance, judge workpiece Processing is unqualified；IfThen determine whether.It is calculated according to measurement result, the individual event of valve body a spool bores is maximum ErrorThe individual event worst error of valve body b spool boresThe individual event worst error of valve body c spool boresRespectively less than cylindricity tolerance requires Δ=3 μm, therefore is required to carry out next step judgement.
4) endoporus everywhere cross section average diameter calculate：
Data of the air-gauge that record measurement bar most proximal end taper air-blast atomizer 60 is connected in rotating a circle, obtain N diameter value dP0-1, dP0-2,, dP0-n(n represents the middle pendulous frequency that rotates a circle), and then calculate cross section where delivery nozzle Endoporus average diameter dP0；It is similar to, the air-gauge that its excess-three group taper air-blast atomizer 61,62 and 63 connected is recorded successively and is existed Data in rotating a circle, and obtain average diameter dP1、dP2、dP3.By this metering system, valve body a, b, c spool bore is measured respectively In four average diameter d of section 1-1,2-2,3-3,4-4 (as shown in figs. 7-9)P0、dP1、dP2、dP3, and it is calculated four Locate the average value d of average cross-sectional diameterP, measurement result is as shown in table 6.
The average diameter measurement result of the spool bore different cross section of table 6
5) the hole shape automatic discrimination based on pore size relation：
If I) | (dP0、dP1、dP2、dP3)-dP|≤ε (the i.e. average diameters and d of cross section everywherePDeviation no more than setting Fixed threshold epsilon), endoporus is isometrical curved hole (see Fig. 7), otherwise does follow-up judgement；
II) d is worked asP0<(dP1、dP2)<dP3Or dP0>(dP1、dP2)>dP3When, endoporus one end is big, and one end is small, and taper is presented (see Fig. 8), then be bellmouth；
III) d is worked asP0<(dP1、dP2) and dP3<(dP1、dP2) or dP0>(dP1、dP2) and dP3>(dP1、dP2) when, in the middle of endoporus Big narrowing toward each end, is presented convex, or middle small two ends are greatly, and spill (see Fig. 9) is presented, then be concavo-convex hole；
It is other shape holes if IV) do not meet the situation of above-mentioned I, II or III.
In embodiment, ε takes 0.2 μm.The spool bore section average diameter result of valve body a does not meet above-mentioned I, II, III feelings Shape, belongs to situation IV, is judged to other shape holes；The spool bore section average diameter result of valve body b meets dP0>(dP1、dP2) and dP3 >(dP1、dP2), belong to situation III, it is judged to concave hole；The spool bore section average diameter result of valve body c meets dP0>(dP1、 dP2)>dP3, belong to situation II, it is judged to bellmouth.
6) the self adaptation deviation from cylindrical form value for distinguishing mode based on primary and secondary is calculated：
I) for the isometrical curved hole of Fig. 7：
II) for the bellmouth of Fig. 8：
III) for the concavo-convex hole of Fig. 9：
IV) other shape holes：
When roundness error is for maximum：
When roundness error is not for maximum：
In embodiment, the spool bore of valve body a belongs to other shape holes of situation IV, and individual error maximum is axis straight line Degree error deltaA=1.2 μm, rather than deviation from circular from, therefore the spool bore deviation from cylindrical form of valve body a is：
The spool bore of valve body b belongs to the concave hole of situation III, and its deviation from cylindrical form is：
The spool bore of valve body c belongs to the bellmouth of situation II, and its deviation from cylindrical form is：
7) judged based on second qualification for measuring deviation from cylindrical form：With the deviation from cylindrical form value δ and cylindricity that obtain Tolerance Δ compares：When δ≤Δ, judge that work pieces process is qualified；Work as δ>During Δ, judge that work pieces process is unqualified.Embodiment In, the deviation from cylindrical form of valve body a, b, c spool bore is respectively less than cylindricity tolerance requirement Δ=3 μm, therefore the three pieces of valve bodies chosen The spool bore of a, b, c is judged to that cylindricity is qualified.
The present embodiment is specially measurement three diameter 15mm, the elongated spool bores of 3 μm of cylindricity tolerance, while measurement is tied Fruit is contrasted with using the approximate measuring method of taper and using the result of the measuring method of cylindricity instrument, measurement result it is right Than as shown in table 7.The present invention and the maximum difference of cylindricity instrument measurement result are 1.75-1.69=0.06 μm in embodiment, And traditional taper approximate measure and the minimal difference of cylindricity instrument measurement result are 1.60-1.15=0.45 μm, contrast visible Measurement result of the invention is higher with true cylindricity approximation ratio, the certainty of measurement survey approximate relative to traditional use taper Amount method improves an order of magnitude, and measurement result is more accurate.
The measurement result accuracy contrast of the different cylindricity measuring methods of table 7
As can be seen here, the present invention can effectively differentiate various endoporus holes shape, high precision reliable results, applicable working condition scope Extensively, and measurement efficiency can be increased substantially.
Above-described embodiment is not construed as limitation of the present invention, but any improvement done based on spirit of the invention, all Should be within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. the pneumatic combination detection device of endoporus cylindricity of a kind of hole shape self adaptation, it is characterised in that：Including pneumatic gauging component And its supporting control gauge；
Pneumatic gauging component includes tracheae protective case (1), spring (2), nut (3), handle (4), postive stop baffle (5) and pneumatic survey Amount head (6)；Pneumatic measuring head (6) tail end is connected through postive stop baffle (5) with handle (4) head end, tracheae protective case (1) and spring (2) handle (4) tail end is fixedly connected on by nut (3), eight taper air-blast atomizers and four is provided with Pneumatic measuring head (6) Linearity air-blast atomizer (64,65,66,67), wherein：
Eight taper air-blast atomizers with two be one group of formation, four groups of taper air-blast atomizers (60,61,62,63), two of every group Taper air-blast atomizer is arranged symmetrically in the both sides of Pneumatic measuring head (6) same cross section, the taper air-blast atomizer arrangement of difference group On Pneumatic measuring head (6) varying cross-section, the tapered air-blast atomizer of institute is arranged in Pneumatic measuring head (6) same axial cross section On, every group of taper air-blast atomizer is connected after respective tracheae with respective air-gauge, and tracheae passes through handle (4) and tracheae Protective case (1) connects air-gauge afterwards；
In four linearity air-blast atomizers (64,65,66,67), two of which linearity air-blast atomizer is arranged in Pneumatic measuring head (6) the same side in the middle part of, two other linearity air-blast atomizer is arranged in the opposite side at Pneumatic measuring head (6) both ends, Four linearity air-blast atomizers are arranged on Pneumatic measuring head (6) same axial cross section, and where linearity air-blast atomizer Axial cross section is perpendicular with axial cross section where taper air-blast atomizer, and all linearity air-blast atomizers are by after same tracheae It is connected with same air-gauge, tracheae connects air-gauge afterwards through the gentle protection of pipe set (1) of handle (4).
2. a kind of pneumatic combination detection device of endoporus cylindricity of hole shape self adaptation according to claim 1, its feature exists In：The supporting control gauge includes linearity upper limit control gauge (8), linearity lower limit control gauge (9), assisted calibration rule (10), diameter upper limit control gauge (11) and diameter lower limit control gauge (12), five control gauges are thimble structure.
3. a kind of pneumatic combination detection device of endoporus cylindricity of hole shape self adaptation according to claim 1, its feature exists In：Described Pneumatic measuring head (6) lateral wall is provided with multiple guiding gutter (7) vertically, and guiding gutter (7) is arranged on vertically one Row's air-blast atomizer side simultaneously communicates with the air-blast atomizer annular groove.
4. a kind of pneumatic combination detection device of endoporus cylindricity of hole shape self adaptation according to claim 1, its feature exists In：The linearity air-blast atomizer is arranged on Pneumatic measuring head (6) simultaneously with the taper air-blast atomizer, and is measured simultaneously The variously-shaped error of endoporus is used to obtain cylindricity.
5. the pneumatic combined measurement method of endoporus cylindricity of a kind of hole shape self adaptation, it is characterised in that usage right requirement 1-4 appoints Duplex measurement device described in one, and use following steps：
1) air-blast atomizer calibration：The straight line degree measurement nozzle and taper measurement nozzle on Pneumatic measuring head (6) are calibrated respectively；
2) synchro measure straightness error, deviation from circular from and taper error：Duplex measurement device is put into measured hole (13), is limited Position baffle plate (5) contacts with endoporus (13) outer face so that the axial direction of Pneumatic measuring head (6) and measured hole (13) overlaps positioning, Then rotary pneumatic measurement head (6) tour, is measured in the following ways by air-gauge, and record obtains linearity, circle The measurement data of degree and taper, specially endoporus axis verticality δA, cross section where four groups of taper air-blast atomizers endoporus circle Degree δB、δC、δD、δEAnd hole taper δF；
3) first time qualification judges：Maximum in all measurement data is found using below equation
And by maximumIt is compared with cylindricity tolerance requirement Δ, ifThen think not meeting tolerance, workpiece Interior hole machined is unqualified；IfThen continue next step；
4) measurement obtains the average diameter of endoporus cross section everywhere, and passes through the hole that the average diameter of cross section everywhere obtains endoporus Shape；
5) distinguishing mode using primary and secondary carries out self adaptation cylindricity calculating, obtains deviation from cylindrical form value δ；
6) second qualification judges：It is compared again with deviation from cylindrical form value δ and cylindricity tolerance requirement Δ, when δ≤Δ When, then it is assumed that inner hole of workpiece processing is qualified；Work as δ>During Δ, then it is assumed that inner hole of workpiece processing is unqualified.
6. a kind of pneumatic combined measurement method of endoporus cylindricity of hole shape self adaptation according to claim 5, its feature exists In：The step 2) it is specially：
I) linearity
During Pneumatic measuring head (6) rotates a circle, the air-gauge that real time record linearity air-blast atomizer is connected is gathered The diameter data for arriving, subtracts minimum value and takes subtract each other rear difference 1/2nd as interior axially bored line straight line with the maximum for collecting Degree δA；
II) circularity
During Pneumatic measuring head (6) rotates a circle, the air-gauge that four groups of taper air-blast atomizers are each connected is recorded respectively The diameter data for being collected, the difference that the maximum in the diameter data of same taper air-blast atomizer subtracts minimum value is made It is endoporus circularity, thus respectively obtains the endoporus circularity δ of cross section where four groups of taper air-blast atomizersB、δC、δD、δE；
III) taper
Maximum of the Pneumatic measuring head (6) in the fixed anglec of rotation in four groups of diameter datas of taper air-blast atomizer is subtracted most Small value, and 1/2nd acquisition differences are taken, then Pneumatic measuring head (6) process of rotating a circle is measured, take all rotations The maximum of the difference in angle position is used as hole taper δF。
7. a kind of pneumatic combined measurement method of endoporus cylindricity of hole shape self adaptation according to claim 5, its feature exists In：The step 4) it is specially：
4.1) measure and calculate the average diameter of endoporus cross section everywhere：
For four groups of taper air-blast atomizers (60,61,62,63) of Pneumatic measuring head (6), collected with respective air-gauge All diameter datas in Pneumatic measuring head (6) rotates a circle, average as cross section where the taper air-blast atomizer Endoporus average diameter, so as to obtain the average diameter d of cross section everywhereP0、dP1、dP2And dP3, and it is flat to calculate cross section everywhere The average value d of equal diameterP=(dP0+dP1+dP2+dP3)/4；
4.2) the hole shape based on pore size relation judges：
If I) | (dP0、dP1、dP2、dP3)-dP|≤ε (the i.e. average diameters and d of cross section everywherePDeviation no more than setting Threshold epsilon), then it is isometrical curved hole, otherwise do follow-up judgement；
If II) meet dP0<(dP1、dP2)<dP3Or dP0>(dP1、dP2)>dP3, then it is bellmouth；
If III) meet dP0<(dP1、dP2) and dP3<(dP1、dP2) or meet dP0>(dP1、dP2) and dP3>(dP1、dP2), then for recessed Projecting apertures；
It is other shape holes if IV) do not meet the situation of above-mentioned I, II or III.
8. a kind of pneumatic combined measurement method of endoporus cylindricity of hole shape self adaptation according to claim 5, its feature exists In：
The step 5) it is specially in the following ways respectively for the calculating of isometrical curved hole, bellmouth, concavo-convex hole and other shape holes Obtain deviation from cylindrical form value：
I) isometrical curved hole is calculated using below equation and obtains deviation from cylindrical form value δ：
&delta; = &delta; A + 1 2 M a x { &delta; B , &delta; C , &delta; D , &delta; E }
II) bellmouth is calculated using below equation and obtains deviation from cylindrical form value δ：
&delta; = &delta; F + 1 2 M a x { &delta; B , &delta; C , &delta; D , &delta; E }
III) concavo-convex hole is calculated using below equation and obtains deviation from cylindrical form value δ：
&delta; = &delta; F + 1 2 M a x { &delta; B , &delta; C , &delta; D , &delta; E }
IV) other shape holes are calculated using below equation and obtain deviation from cylindrical form value δ；
When roundness error is for maximum：
When roundness error is not for maximum：
Wherein, δARepresent endoporus axis verticality, δB、δC、δD、δEThe endoporus of cross section where four groups of taper air-blast atomizers is justified respectively Degree, δFRepresent hole taper.
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CN107894198A (en) * 2017-10-27 2018-04-10 重庆长安工业(集团)有限责任公司 A kind of device of quick measurement irregularly-shaped hole internal diameter
CN109539955A (en) * 2018-11-08 2019-03-29 郝鹏飞 A kind of preparation method of the coaxial calibrating installation of equal diameter bar
CN109539954A (en) * 2018-11-08 2019-03-29 郝鹏飞 A kind of application method of the coaxial calibrating installation of equal diameter bar
CN112539713A (en) * 2019-09-23 2021-03-23 南京理工大学 Device and method for detecting straightness of small-caliber body pipe
CN116086374A (en) * 2023-02-17 2023-05-09 尼泊丁(无锡)精密量仪有限公司 Measuring machine for measuring motor shell

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CN107894198A (en) * 2017-10-27 2018-04-10 重庆长安工业(集团)有限责任公司 A kind of device of quick measurement irregularly-shaped hole internal diameter
CN109539955A (en) * 2018-11-08 2019-03-29 郝鹏飞 A kind of preparation method of the coaxial calibrating installation of equal diameter bar
CN109539954A (en) * 2018-11-08 2019-03-29 郝鹏飞 A kind of application method of the coaxial calibrating installation of equal diameter bar
CN112539713A (en) * 2019-09-23 2021-03-23 南京理工大学 Device and method for detecting straightness of small-caliber body pipe
CN112539713B (en) * 2019-09-23 2022-06-24 南京理工大学 Device and method for detecting straightness of small-caliber body pipe
CN116086374A (en) * 2023-02-17 2023-05-09 尼泊丁(无锡)精密量仪有限公司 Measuring machine for measuring motor shell
CN116086374B (en) * 2023-02-17 2023-09-08 尼泊丁(无锡)精密量仪有限公司 Measuring machine for measuring motor shell

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