CN206378111U - A kind of adaptive pneumatic combination detection device of endoporus cylindricity of hole shape - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a self-adapting inner hole cylindricity pneumatic composite detection device. Including pneumatic measuring components and matching calibration gauges, there are four groups of taper pneumatic nozzles and four straightness pneumatic nozzles on the pneumatic measuring head. The composite pneumatic detection device disclosed by the utility model can be used to effectively distinguish various inner hole shapes, has a wide range of applicable working conditions, can realize on-site detection of workpieces, and greatly improves measurement efficiency.

Description

A Pneumatic Composite Detection Device for Inner Hole Cylindricity Adaptive to Hole Shape

technical field

The utility model relates to an inner hole precision detection device, in particular to a hole shape self-adapting inner hole cylindricity pneumatic compound detection device for on-site detection of the precision matched inner hole.

Background technique

The machining accuracy of the precision fit inner hole is a key factor in determining the performance of some parts. The cylindricity error of the inner hole is an important performance index to ensure the matching accuracy. Designers often require only a few microns for the cylindricity error of precision fitting holes, and the inner holes are mostly elongated, so the cylindricity detection of inner holes becomes more and more difficult.

At present, the detection of the cylindricity of the inner hole of the product on the market mainly includes the traditional pneumatic measuring method, the roundness meter method, and the three-coordinate measuring machine method. The traditional pneumatic detection uses a single shape error of the inner hole, such as straightness or taper, to replace the cylindricity. Obviously, this measurement method is difficult to adapt to different hole shapes. measurement requirements. In addition, this method replaces cylindricity by a single shape error, which contains less information about the inner hole and has poor representation.

In the patent "A comprehensive detection device and test method for the precision value of steering gear rack (201610025563.5)", Liu Huijian et al. used the diameter range, runout range and straightness values of the measured slender rods to calculate the cylindricity. In this device, using the guide rail to measure the straightness will introduce a large error. When the accuracy reaches the micron level, it is difficult to measure accurately. In addition, there is no detailed formula for calculating cylindricity in this paper.

The roundness meter method and the three-coordinate measuring machine method are the most accurate methods for detecting the cylindricity of the inner hole, but they need to be tested in a special measuring room. The detection steps are complicated, the cycle is long, and the cost is high. On-site testing. Especially when detecting inner holes that need to be repeatedly corrected, the long detection cycle leads to low production efficiency.

Utility model content

The purpose of the utility model is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, and provide a pneumatic compound detection device for inner hole cylindricity self-adaptive to the hole shape, which has the characteristic of hole shape self-adaption, and can detect the cylindricity error of the slender inner hole with high precision. And realize production site inspection, improve production efficiency.

The technical solution adopted by the utility model is to include a pneumatic measurement assembly and its matching calibration gauge.

Pneumatic measurement components include trachea protective sleeve, spring, nut, handle, limit baffle and pneumatic measuring head; the tail end of the pneumatic measuring head is connected to the head of the handle through the limit baffle, and the limit baffle is used to connect Positioning, the handle is a hollow structure, the trachea protective sleeve and the spring are fixedly connected to the nut at the end of the handle through a nut.

There are four sets of taper pneumatic nozzles and four straightness pneumatic nozzles on the pneumatic measuring head, among which: the four sets of tapered pneumatic nozzles are divided into two groups, and the two tapered pneumatic nozzles of each group are symmetrically arranged on the same cross section of the pneumatic measuring head Different groups of tapered pneumatic nozzles are arranged on different cross-sections of the pneumatic measuring head. All the tapered pneumatic nozzles are arranged on the same axial section of the pneumatic measuring head. The tapered pneumatic nozzles of each group pass through their respective air pipes. Pneumatic measuring instrument connection, the air pipe passes through the handle and the protective sleeve of the air pipe and connects to the air measuring instrument, so that four groups of tapered pneumatic nozzles form a four-way tapered pneumatic detection arranged at intervals along the axial direction; among the four straightness pneumatic nozzles, two of them are straight The straightness pneumatic nozzles are arranged on the same side of the middle part of the pneumatic measuring head, the other two straightness pneumatic nozzles are respectively arranged on the other side of the two ends of the pneumatic measuring head, and the four straightness pneumatic nozzles are arranged on the same axial section of the pneumatic measuring head above, and the axial section where the straightness pneumatic nozzle is located is perpendicular to the axial section where the taper pneumatic nozzle is located, all the straightness pneumatic nozzles are connected to the same pneumatic measuring instrument after passing through the same air pipe, and the air pipe passes through the handle and the air pipe protective cover Connect the pneumatic measuring instrument, so that the four straightness pneumatic nozzles form a taper pneumatic test.

The matching calibration gauges include straightness upper limit calibration gauge, straightness lower limit calibration gauge, auxiliary calibration gauge, diameter upper limit calibration gauge and diameter lower limit calibration gauge, and the five calibration gauges are all of ring structure.

The outer wall of the pneumatic measuring head is provided with a plurality of guide grooves along the axial direction, and the guide grooves are arranged beside a row of pneumatic nozzles along the axial direction and communicate with the annular groove of the pneumatic nozzle.

The straightness pneumatic nozzle and the tapered pneumatic nozzle are set on the pneumatic measuring head at the same time, and various shape errors of the inner hole are measured at the same time to obtain cylindricity.

The section involved in the utility model includes an axial section parallel to the axial direction and a cross section perpendicular to the axial direction.

The utility model has the following advantages:

1) The device is a high-precision, composite pneumatic detection device for cylindricity of elongated inner holes with self-adaptive hole shape. It can be used to simultaneously measure straightness error value, roundness error value, and taper error value to assist in obtaining cylindricity error and improve measurement accuracy.

2) The composite measuring head disclosed in the utility model can measure straightness error, roundness error and taper error at the same time, so that the utility model has self-adaptive characteristics to the hole shape, which is a good solution to the problem that a measuring head can only Detect the problem of some special holes.

3) The utility model is an integrated measuring head, which can measure four cross-sectional diameter values at the same time. Because each measurement feature is measured on one benchmark at the same time, the measurement result is reliable. The measurement of the slender bore.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the utility model device;

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of calibration of the straightness nozzle of the device of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of calibrating the upper limit ring gauge of the taper nozzle of the utility model device;

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of calibrating the lower limit ring gauge of the taper nozzle of the utility model device;

Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of the detection example of the utility model device;

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of measuring equal-diameter curved holes by the device of the present invention;

Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram of measuring tapered hole of the utility model device;

Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of measuring the concave hole of the device of the present invention.

In the figure, trachea protective cover 1, spring 2, nut 3, handle 4, limit baffle 5, pneumatic measuring head 6, taper pneumatic nozzles 60, 61, 62, 63, straightness pneumatic nozzles 64, 65, 66, 67 , Diversion groove 7, straightness upper limit calibration gauge 8, straightness lower limit calibration gauge 9, auxiliary calibration gauge 10, diameter upper limit calibration gauge 11, diameter lower limit calibration gauge 12, measured hole 13.

detailed description

The following are specific embodiments of the utility model and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the technical solution of the utility model is further described, but the utility model is not limited to these embodiments.

The device of the utility model comprises a pneumatic measuring assembly and matching calibration gauges.

As shown in Figure 1, the pneumatic measurement assembly includes a trachea protective sleeve 1, a spring 2, a nut 3, a handle 4, a limit baffle 5 and a pneumatic measuring head 6; the tail end of the pneumatic measuring head 6 passes through the limit baffle 5 and the handle 4 The head end is connected, the handle 4 is a hollow structure, and the trachea protective sleeve 1 and the spring 2 are fixedly connected to the tail end of the handle 4 through a nut 3 .

As shown in Figure 1, there are four groups of taper pneumatic nozzles and four straightness pneumatic nozzles 64, 65, 66, 67 on the pneumatic measuring head 6, and the four groups of tapered pneumatic nozzles take two as a group, from the head end to the tail end. The four groups of tapered pneumatic nozzles are 60, 61, 62, 63 in sequence, and the two tapered pneumatic nozzles of each group are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the same cross section of the pneumatic measuring head 6. On the cross section, all the tapered pneumatic nozzles are arranged on the same axial section of the pneumatic measuring head 6, and each group of tapered pneumatic nozzles is connected to the respective pneumatic measuring instrument through its own air pipe, and the air pipe passes through the handle 4 and the air pipe protective cover 1 Then connect the pneumatic measuring instrument, so that four groups of tapered pneumatic nozzles form four-way tapered pneumatic detection arranged at intervals along the axial direction.

Among the four straightness pneumatic nozzles 64, 65, 66, 67, two straightness pneumatic nozzles 64, 65 are arranged on the same side of the middle part of the pneumatic measuring head 6, and the other two straightness pneumatic nozzles 66, 67 are respectively arranged on the pneumatic On the other side of the two ends of the measuring head 6, the four straightness pneumatic nozzles are arranged on the same axial section of the pneumatic measuring head 6, and the axial section where the straightness pneumatic nozzle is located is the same as the axial section where the tapered pneumatic nozzle is located. Vertical, all straightness pneumatic nozzles are connected to the same pneumatic measuring instrument after passing through the same air pipe, and the air pipe passes through the handle 4 and air pipe protective cover 1 to connect to the pneumatic measuring instrument, so that the four straightness pneumatic nozzles form a taper pneumatic detection. The outer wall of the pneumatic measuring head 6 is provided with a plurality of guide grooves 7 along the axial direction, and the guide grooves 7 are arranged beside a row of pneumatic nozzles along the axial direction and communicate with the ring groove of the pneumatic nozzle.

The matching calibration gauges include straightness upper limit calibration gauge 8, straightness lower limit calibration gauge 9, auxiliary calibration gauge 10, diameter upper limit calibration gauge 11 and diameter lower limit calibration gauge 12, and the five calibration gauges are all collar structures, as shown in Figure 2～ Figure 4 shows.

The utility model using process is as follows:

The cylindricity of the spool hole of the load-sensitive multi-way valve working joint valve body is taken as the detection object, and the cylindricity tolerance requirement is . Select three valve bodies a, b, and c from a batch of valve bodies that have been processed, and then:

1) Calibrate the pneumatic nozzle first: connect the pneumatic measurement component to the pneumatic measuring instrument, and adjust the magnification and zero point of the pneumatic measuring instrument.

As shown in Figure 2, calibrate the straightness measurement nozzle: fix the measuring head 6, set the upper limit calibration gauge 8, the lower limit calibration gauge 9 and the auxiliary calibration gauge 10 on the measuring head, and at this time the upper limit calibration gauge 8 covers the pneumatic nozzle 67. The auxiliary calibration gauge 10 covers the pneumatic nozzle 66, the lower limit calibration gauge 9 covers the pneumatic nozzles 64 and 65 at the same time, adjust the float of the pneumatic measuring instrument to the lower limit position of the scale; then replace the upper and lower limit calibration gauges in the measuring On the head, the upper limit calibration gauge 8 covers the pneumatic nozzles 64, 65 at the same time, and the pneumatic measuring instrument float is transferred to the upper limit position of the scale.

As shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4, calibrate the taper measuring nozzle: fix the measuring head 6, set the upper limit calibration gauge 11 on the measuring head, cover the pneumatic nozzle 63, and adjust the float of the pneumatic measuring instrument to the upper limit position of the scale ; Remove the upper limit calibration gauge 11, set the lower limit calibration gauge 12 on the measuring head 6, and adjust the float of the pneumatic measuring instrument to the lower limit position of the scale; calibrate the pneumatic nozzles 60, 61, 62 according to the same method as above.

2) The composite measuring head measures straightness error, roundness error and taper error synchronously:

As shown in Figure 5, the composite measuring device is slowly put into the measured hole 13, the limit baffle 5 is in contact with the outer end surface of the inner hole 13, so that the axial direction of the pneumatic measuring head 6 and the measured hole 13 overlaps and is positioned, and then The rotating pneumatic measuring head 6 rotates 360 degrees in one circle, and is measured by five pneumatic measuring instruments in the following way, and the measurement data of straightness, roundness and taper are recorded and obtained, specifically, the straightness δ _A of the axis of the inner hole, and the transverse direction of the four groups of taper pneumatic nozzles. The roundness of the inner hole of the section δ _B , δ _C , δ _D , δ _E and the inner hole taper δ _F .

Ⅰ) Record the diameter data of the pneumatic measuring instrument connected to the straightness pneumatic nozzles 64, 65, 66, 67 during one rotation of the pneumatic measuring head 6, subtract the minimum value from the maximum value, and take half of it to obtain the straightness of the inner hole axis δ _A .

Ⅱ) Record the diameter data of the pneumatic measuring instruments respectively connected to the four tapered pneumatic nozzles 60, 61, 62, and 63 during one rotation, and subtract the minimum value from the maximum value of all diameter data of the same tapered pneumatic nozzle, respectively Obtain the inner hole roundness δ _B , δ _C , δ _D , δ _E of the cross section where the four nozzles are located.

According to the measurement methods shown in Figures 6 to 8, respectively measure the roundness δ _B , δC, _δD , _{δE .}

Ⅲ) Subtract the minimum value from the maximum value of the measurement data recorded by the four tapered pneumatic nozzles 60, 61, 62, and 63 at the same rotation angle, and take half to obtain the difference, and then take measurements at different rotation angles in turn The same difference is made for the data, and the maximum value of the difference is taken after one rotation to obtain the inner hole taper δ _F . According to this measurement method, measure the taper of valve body a, b, c spool holes respectively, and obtain four sets of diameter measurement data of 0-180°, 45-225°, 90-270°, 135-315° (in pairs The two angles are the rotation angles of the two tapered pneumatic nozzles arranged symmetrically), and the taper of the valve core hole is obtained by calculation.

3) The first qualification judgment based on the single maximum error: the cylindricity error can be replaced by the combination of the shape error in the cross-section and axial section of the measured cylindrical surface, the former is represented by the roundness error, and the latter is represented by the axis line degree or prime line taper representation;

First find the maximum value among all measurements

The cylindricity tolerance requirement specified by the designer is Δ, if It is considered that it does not meet the tolerance requirements, and it is determined that the workpiece processing is unqualified; if make further judgments.

4) Calculation of the average diameter of the four cross-sections of the inner hole:

Record the data of the pneumatic measuring instrument connected to the most tapered pneumatic nozzle 60 of the measuring rod in one rotation, and obtain n diameter values d _P0-1 , d _P0-2 ,,, d _P0-n (n represents the measurement in one rotation times), and then calculate the average diameter d _P0 of the inner hole of the cross section where the nozzle is located; similarly, record the data of the pneumatic measuring instruments connected to the remaining three groups of taper pneumatic nozzles 61, 62 and 63 in one rotation, and obtain the average Diameters d _P1 , d _P2 , d _P3 . According to this measurement method, measure the average diameters of the four sections 1-1, 2-2, 3-3, 4-4 (as shown in Figures 6 to 8) in the valve body a, b, and c valve core holes respectively d _P0 , d _P1 , d _P2 , d _P3 , and calculate the average value d _P of the average diameters of the four cross-sections.

5) Automatic discrimination of hole shape based on the relationship between hole size:

Ⅰ) If |(d _P0 , d _P1 , d _P2 , d _P3 )-d _P |≤ε (that is, the deviation between the average diameter of the four cross-sections and d is not greater than the set threshold ε), the inner hole is equal diameter Bent hole (see Figure 6), otherwise make a follow-up judgment;

Ⅱ) When d _P0 <(d _P1 , d _P2 )<d _P3 or d _P0 >(d _P1 , d _P2 )>d _P3 , one end of the inner hole is large and the other end is small, showing a tapered shape (see Figure 7), then is a tapered hole;

Ⅲ) When d _P0 <(d _P1 , d _P2 ) and d _P3 <(d _P1 , d _P2 ) or d _P0 >(d _P1 , d _P2 ) and d _P3 >(d _P1 , d _P2 ), the inner hole If the middle is large and the two sides are small, showing a convex shape, or if the middle is small and both ends are big, showing a concave shape (see Figure 8), it is a concave-convex hole;

Ⅳ) If none of the above conditions Ⅰ, Ⅱ or Ⅲ are met, it is a hole of other shape.

The results of the average diameter of the cross-section of the valve core hole of the valve body a do not meet the above conditions I, II, and III, and belong to the situation IV, and are judged to be other-shaped holes; the results of the average diameter of the valve core hole cross-section of the valve body b satisfy d _P0 >(d _P1 , d _P2 ) and d _P3 >(d _P1 , d _P2 ), it belongs to situation III, and it is judged to be a concave hole; the result of the average diameter of the spool hole section of valve body c satisfies d _P0 >(d _P1 , d _P2 )>d _P3 belongs to case II and is judged to be a tapered hole.

6) Calculation of adaptive cylindricity error value based on primary and secondary distinction methods:

Ⅰ) For the equal-diameter curved hole in Figure 6:

Ⅱ) For the tapered hole in Figure 7:

Ⅲ) For the concave-convex hole in Figure 8:

Ⅳ) Other shaped holes:

When the roundness error value is maximum:

When the roundness error value is not the maximum:

Instead of the roundness error, the cylindricity error of the spool hole of the valve body a is:

The spool hole of valve body b belongs to the concave hole of case Ⅲ, and its cylindricity error is:

The spool hole of valve body c belongs to the tapered hole in case II, and its cylindricity error is:

7) The second qualification judgment based on the measured cylindricity error: compare the obtained cylindricity error value δ with the cylindricity tolerance requirement Δ: when δ≤Δ, it is judged that the workpiece processing is qualified; when δ>Δ, it is judged The workpiece processing is unqualified. In the embodiment, the cylindricity errors of the spool holes of the valve bodies a, b, and c are all smaller than the cylindricity tolerance requirements, so the spool holes of the three selected valve bodies a, b, and c are all judged to be cylindrical.

The above-mentioned embodiments should not be regarded as limiting the utility model, but any improvement based on the spirit of the utility model should be within the protection scope of the utility model.

Claims (3)

1. a kind of adaptive pneumatic combination detection device of endoporus cylindricity of hole shape, it is characterised in that：Including pneumatic gauging component And its supporting control gauge；

Pneumatic gauging component includes tracheae protective case (1), spring (2), nut (3), handle (4), postive stop baffle (5) and pneumatic survey Measure head (6)；Pneumatic measuring head (6) tail end is connected through postive stop baffle (5) with handle (4) head end, tracheae protective case (1) and spring (2) it is fixedly connected on by nut (3) on handle (4) tail end, Pneumatic measuring head (6) and is provided with eight taper air-blast atomizers and four Linearity air-blast atomizer (64,65,66,67), wherein：

Eight taper air-blast atomizers with two be one group of formation, four groups of taper air-blast atomizers (60,61,62,63), two of every group Taper air-blast atomizer is arranged symmetrically in the both sides of Pneumatic measuring head (6) same cross section, the taper air-blast atomizer arrangement of difference group On Pneumatic measuring head (6) varying cross-section, the tapered air-blast atomizer of institute is arranged in Pneumatic measuring head (6) same axial cross section On, every group of taper air-blast atomizer is connected after respective tracheae with respective air-gauge, and tracheae passes through handle (4) and tracheae Protective case (1) connects air-gauge afterwards；

In four linearity air-blast atomizers (64,65,66,67), two of which linearity air-blast atomizer is arranged in Pneumatic measuring head (6) the same side in the middle part of, two other linearity air-blast atomizer is arranged in the opposite side at Pneumatic measuring head (6) both ends, Four linearity air-blast atomizers are arranged on Pneumatic measuring head (6) same axial cross section, and where linearity air-blast atomizer Axial cross section and axial cross section where taper air-blast atomizer are perpendicular, after all linearity air-blast atomizers are by same tracheae It is connected with same air-gauge, tracheae connects air-gauge afterwards through the gentle protection of pipe set (1) of handle (4).

2. a kind of adaptive pneumatic combination detection device of endoporus cylindricity of hole shape according to claim 1, its feature exists In：The supporting control gauge includes linearity upper limit control gauge (8), linearity lower limit control gauge (9), assisted calibration rule (10), diameter upper limit control gauge (11) and diameter lower limit control gauge (12), five control gauges are thimble structure.

3. a kind of adaptive pneumatic combination detection device of endoporus cylindricity of hole shape according to claim 1, its feature exists In：Described Pneumatic measuring head (6) lateral wall is provided with multiple guiding gutters (7) vertically, and guiding gutter (7) is arranged on vertically one Communicate beside row's air-blast atomizer and with the air-blast atomizer annular groove.