CN106705037B - Combustion system with adaptive Helmholtz resonator and method of operating the same - Google Patents

Combustion system with adaptive Helmholtz resonator and method of operating the same Download PDF

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CN106705037B
CN106705037B CN201610948234.8A CN201610948234A CN106705037B CN 106705037 B CN106705037 B CN 106705037B CN 201610948234 A CN201610948234 A CN 201610948234A CN 106705037 B CN106705037 B CN 106705037B
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helmholtz resonator
volume
combustion system
combustion
fuel gas
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CN106705037A (en
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理查德·菲施巴赫
拉尔斯·图姆
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Vaillant Co Ltd
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23MCASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M20/00Details of combustion chambers, not otherwise provided for, e.g. means for storing heat from flames
    • F23M20/005Noise absorbing means
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23DBURNERS
    • F23D14/00Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/02Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23DBURNERS
    • F23D14/00Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23NREGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/18Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to rate of flow of air or fuel
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23DBURNERS
    • F23D2210/00Noise abatement
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23NREGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/18Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to rate of flow of air or fuel
    • F23N2005/181Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to rate of flow of air or fuel using detectors sensitive to rate of flow of air
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23NREGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/18Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to rate of flow of air or fuel
    • F23N2005/185Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to rate of flow of air or fuel using detectors sensitive to rate of flow of fuel
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23NREGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2223/00Signal processing; Details thereof
    • F23N2223/04Memory
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23NREGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2233/00Ventilators
    • F23N2233/06Ventilators at the air intake
    • F23N2233/08Ventilators at the air intake with variable speed

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a combustion system having a burner 11, a blower 10 for supplying combustion air and optionally fuel gas to the burner 11, a fresh gas line 14 in which the blower 14 is arranged, a fuel gas line 15 in which a gas control valve 9 is arranged, and a helmholtz resonator 2 connected to the fresh gas line 14, wherein the fuel gas line 15 opens into the fresh gas line 14 or directly into the burner 11, and the helmholtz resonator 2 has a drive 4, 5, 6, 7 for adjusting the volume of the helmholtz resonator 2.

Description

Combustion system with adaptive Helmholtz resonator and method of operating the same
Technical Field
The invention relates to a self-adaptive Helmholtz resonator.
Background
When fuel gas is combusted in a fully premixed combustion system, undesirable self-excited combustion oscillations may occur at certain operating points. This is often associated with objectionable noise and in some cases can damage the facility.
This phenomenon is described in DE 102004013584 a1 and VDI progress report on energy technology No. 364, line 6. The cause of self-oscillation (SES) is the interaction between the immediate power release of the flame and the acoustics of the combustion chamber. A prerequisite for the generation of said phenomenon is the immediate power release of the flame at the point in time of the positive amplitude of the acoustic pressure (rayleigh criterion). The elimination measures are described in DE 19730254C 2.
According to the prior art, this problem is generally solved by: the geometry of the components that guide the air and fuel gas-air mixture is designed so that the system is detuned from sound and self-oscillation is minimized. In this case, for example, additional components are placed in the air or exhaust gas passage, which have the function of detuning the system and thus preventing or damping self-oscillation. For this purpose, for example, intake pipes or helmholtz resonators are used, which increase the pressure loss upstream of the flame. Depending on the geometric parameters of the helmholtz resonator, it has a certain natural frequency at which it operates. Oscillations of the combustion system are reduced or completely avoided.
Another possibility is to change the air excess or the thermal load when oscillations occur for the electronic fuel gas-air mixture.
Disclosure of Invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a device and a method for operating such a device, which can be used to eliminate self-oscillations in fully premixed combustion systems.
According to the invention, this object is achieved by an individually adaptable helmholtz resonator. In one embodiment of the invention, a combustion system is provided having a burner, a blower for supplying combustion air and optionally fuel gas to the burner, a fresh gas line in which the blower is arranged, a fuel gas line in which a gas control valve is arranged, and a helmholtz resonator connected to the fresh gas line, wherein the fuel gas line opens into the fresh gas line or directly into the burner. The Helmholtz resonator has a drive device for adjusting the volume of the Helmholtz resonator.
The invention is preferably applied to an electronic fuel gas-air system, in which a volume or mass flow sensor is used which measures the pressure difference between the air passage and the fuel gas passage. With the aid of the volume or mass flow sensor, not only can self-oscillation be detected, but also the oscillation frequency can be determined at a sufficiently high sampling rate. The measured sensor signal is converted into a frequency range by means of a fourier transformation.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a helmholtz resonator whose effective frequency can be adjusted. The frequency at which the helmholtz resonator operates is defined by its geometry. The influencing variables are, on the one hand, the damping space in the body and, on the other hand, the oscillation space in the connecting channel.
For example, in a closed cylinder which is connected to the combustion system at a respective predetermined point of action via a respective adapted connecting channel or is integrated in the combustion system at this point, the lateral length variation of the helmholtz resonator is adjusted in such a way that the position of the bottom of the cylinder can be changed along the axis of symmetry by means of a suitable electric machine (for example a servomotor). The required cylinder side length is calculated from the obtained oscillation frequency and modified to adjust the side length.
The invention relates to a control system which determines the self-oscillation frequency by means of sensors and adjusts an adjustable Helmholtz resonator in order to eliminate oscillations. For this purpose, the system requires a gas regulating valve, an adjustable blower and a burner.
Drawings
The invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings:
fig. 1 shows a helmholtz resonator;
FIG. 2 illustrates a first embodiment of a combustion system of the present invention having Helmholtz resonators; and
fig. 3 shows a second embodiment of the combustion system according to the invention with helmholtz resonators.
Detailed Description
Fig. 1 shows a cylindrical helmholtz resonator 2 with two cylindrical volumes. The first Helmholtz resonator cylindrical volume 17 has a length l1And radius r1. A first helmholtz resonator cylindrical volume 17 is open on both sides and communicates on one side with a second helmholtz resonator cylindrical volume 18 having a length l2And radius r2
Natural frequency f of the Helmholtz resonator0Can be determined as follows.
Figure BDA0001141502450000031
In this case, c is the speed of sound, A1Is HelmholthCross-sectional aperture of the input end of the z resonator (here: a)1=r1 2*π),V2Is the volume of the second Helmholtz resonator volume 18 (here: V)2=r2 2*π*l2) And 2 Δ l1Is the orifice correction value (here:
Figure BDA0001141502450000032
)。
fig. 2 shows the combustion technology system of the invention with a burner 11 and a blower 10 along a fresh gas line 14. The blower 10 sucks air for combustion and delivers it to the burner 11. The blower 10 has a rotational speed detector. Upstream of the blower 10, a fuel gas line 15 opens at the venturi tube 3 in the fresh gas line 14, in which fuel gas regulating valve 9 is arranged upstream of the opening. The mass flow sensor 1 is arranged between the fuel gas conduit 15 and the fresh gas conduit 14 and serves to adapt the fuel gas-air mixture. Upstream of the venturi tube 3, a cylindrical helmholtz resonator 2 as shown in fig. 1 is connected to a fresh gas duct 14. The helmholtz resonator 2 needs to be connected at a predetermined point of action/position of action. The helmholtz resonator 2 has a movable resonator cylinder 4 in a cylindrical volume 18 of the second helmholtz resonator, so that its volume can be constantly adjusted. For moving the resonator cylinder 4, a linear stepping motor 5 is used, which can move the resonator cylinder by means of a drive shaft 6 in the form of a threaded rod, which cooperates with an internal thread 7 in the resonator cylinder 4. In order to avoid the resonator cylinder 4 from rotating, a twist stopper is provided. An ultrasonic or laser odometer 8 is used to detect the current length of the second helmholtz resonator cylindrical volume 18. The resonator cylinder 4 encloses the side wall of the second helmholtz resonator cylindrical volume 18 in a gastight manner. The seals required for this purpose can be designed, for example, as lip seals or ring seals. A controller 16 is connected to the blower 10, the blower rotational speed detector, the fuel gas regulating valve 9, the mass flow sensor 1, the linear stepping motor 5, and the ultrasonic or laser odometer 8, respectively.
In the event of combustion self-oscillation during system operation, it triggers feedback on combustion and fuel flow so that the mass flow sensor 1 can detect the oscillation. In fact, the signals of the mass flow sensor 1 are always superimposed by different frequencies, so that a threshold value for the oscillation intensity must be exceeded before measures for elimination are necessary.
First, N values of the sensor signal are recorded at a sampling rate f. Here, the sampling rate must be twice as high as the expected highest frequency. In order to be able to apply the fast fourier transform analysis, the number N of values must correspond to the power of 2.
The algorithm of the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is based on the discrete fourier transform. For N actual sample values, calculating N/2 spectral lines or spectral lines F (i ω)k):
Figure BDA0001141502450000041
Wherein k is 0, 1
The frequency with the greatest deviation is determined as the frequency of the free-running oscillation and is further processed. Subsequently, the required height of the resonator cylinder 4 is calculated from the thus determined frequency of the combustion oscillation. Natural frequency f for Helmholtz resonators0Given (see fig. 1, supra):
for l2To obtain:
Figure BDA0001141502450000043
the controller 16 controls the linear stepper motor 5 such that the resonator cylinder 4 moves towards the target position until the second helmholtz resonator cylindrical volume 18 has the calculated length/2. In this case, an ultrasonic or laser odometer 8 is used by the controller 16 to measure the length. In an alternative embodiment, it is also possible to calculate the linear step power by pre-calculationThe number of steps the motivation travels from the stop position to the target position. The number of steps can be calculated from the required stroke, the pitch of the thread and the number of steps per revolution of the motor.
In another embodiment, incremental rotary encoders can be used to determine the position of the stepper motor and thus the height of the cylinder. Accordingly, the step loss can be compensated.
Fig. 3 shows an alternative embodiment. In this embodiment, the helmholtz resonator 2 is arranged between the blower 10 and the burner 11. A motor 12 connected to a controller 16 moves the resonator cylinder 4 within a second helmholtz resonator cylindrical volume 18 via a threaded rod 13. The threaded rod 13 is rigidly connected to the resonator cylinder 4 or is connected thereto by means of a live bearing. In this embodiment, it is not necessary to measure the length of the cylindrical volume 18 of the second helmholtz resonator, in particular when a combustion oscillation (which is still detected by means of the mass flow sensor 1) occurs, starting from a limit position of the resonator cylinder 4, proceeding in the direction of the other limit position until the combustion self-oscillation is eliminated and the correct lateral length is reached.
If another oscillation occurs later, it is first resumed to the starting position, so that the travel is then continued until the correct height of the cylinder is reached.
It is also possible to combine the two methods described above: the necessary position can be derived from the signal of the mass flow sensor as described above. The calculated position is then roughly obtained from a determined distance and the cylinder is moved from the necessary position to the calculated position and then slowly advanced until the oscillations are eliminated. Thereby obtaining the correct height of the cylinder.
If the critical frequency is known before the combustion system is started, it can be stored in memory and the corresponding size of the helmholtz resonator can be adjusted before the burner is started to avoid oscillations. In the simplest case, after the combustion system has been switched off, the setting of the helmholtz resonator is left in the last set position and is kept unchanged for use until the next start.
At two different frequencies, the system may have self-oscillation, respectively. In this example, there is an oscillatory trend of 40Hz and 160Hz, for example. According to the prior art, this problem can be solved by using two helmholtz resonators which are each matched in terms of their geometrical properties to a respective one of the two frequencies. According to the present invention, the helmholtz resonator can be tuned to cover both frequencies. If more than one frequency is present in the operating range of the burner, the control system is always able to tune the resonator to the frequency measured in the operating point that has just been reached or has been reached in advance. The frequency and corresponding operating point are stored in memory. During the change from one operating point to another, a memory is read in which, for the new operating point, in addition to the critical frequency to which the resonator is currently tuned, there is another critical frequency. If this is the case, the resonator geometry has been adjusted during modulation as described above.
List of reference numerals
1 Mass flow sensor
2 Helmholtz resonator
3 Venturi tube
4-resonator cylinder
5 Linear step motor
6 drive shaft
7 internal screw thread
8 ultrasonic wave or laser log
9 gas regulating valve
10 blower
11 burner
12 electric motor
13 threaded rod
14 fresh gas conduit
15 fuel gas conduit
16 controller
17 first helmholtz resonator cylindrical volume
18 second Helmholtz resonator cylindrical volume

Claims (9)

1. A combustion system having a burner (11), a blower (10) for conveying combustion air and optionally fuel gas to the burner (11), a fresh gas duct (14) in which the blower (14) is arranged, a fuel gas duct (15) in which a gas regulating valve (9) is arranged, and a Helmholtz resonator (2) connected to the fresh gas duct (14), wherein the fuel gas line (15) opens into the fresh gas line (14) or directly into the burner (11), characterized in that a volume or mass flow sensor (1) is arranged in the fuel gas duct (15) and/or the fresh gas duct (14) or between the fuel gas duct (15) and the fresh gas duct (14), the volume or mass flow sensor (1) is connected with a controller (16); the Helmholtz resonator (2) comprises a drive device (4, 5, 6, 7) for adjusting the volume of the Helmholtz resonator (2), and the controller (16) is connected with the drive device (4, 5, 6, 7); the controller recognizes the combustion self-oscillation and its frequency by the volume or mass flow sensor (1) and controls the driving device to adjust the volume of the Helmholtz resonator (2) according to the obtained frequency.
2. Combustion system according to claim 1, characterized in that the blower (10) has a rotational speed detector.
3. The combustion system as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the rotational speed detector of the blower (10) is connected to a controller (16).
4. The combustion system according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the helmholtz resonator (2) has means for detecting at least one characteristic parameter of the helmholtz resonator (2).
5. Method for operating a combustion system having a burner (11), a blower (10) for conveying combustion air and optionally fuel gas to the burner (11), a fresh gas line (14) in which the blower (14) is arranged, a fuel gas line (15) in which a gas control valve (9) is arranged, and a helmholtz resonator (2) which is connected to the fresh gas line (14), wherein the fuel gas line (15) opens into the fresh gas line (14) or directly into the burner (11), a volume or mass flow sensor (1) is arranged in the fuel gas line (15) and/or in the fresh gas line (14), and the blower (10) has a rotational speed detector, wherein the helmholtz resonator (2) has a drive device (4) for adjusting the volume of the helmholtz resonator (2) 5, 6, 7), characterized in that the combustion self-oscillation and its frequency are identified by the volume or mass flow sensor (1), and then the volume of the helmholtz resonator (2) is calculated as a function of the obtained frequency and/or the drive means (4, 5, 6, 7) is moved until no further combustion self-oscillation occurs for regulation.
6. The method of operating a combustion system of claim 5, wherein the frequency is calculated from a Fourier transform.
7. Method of operating a combustion system according to claim 6, characterised in that the drive means (4, 5, 6, 7) for adjusting the volume of the Helmholtz resonator (2) travel continuously from one extreme position in the direction of the other extreme position while combustion self-oscillation takes place.
8. Method of operating a combustion system according to any of the claims 5-7, characterized in that the drive means (4, 5, 6, 7) is first moved to roughly adjust to the calculated volume, after which the drive means (4, 5, 6, 7) is advanced until no further combustion self-oscillation occurs.
9. A method of operating a combustion system according to any one of claims 5-7, characterised in that the result of a previous adjustment is saved in a memory and the volume of the Helmholtz resonator (2) is adjusted accordingly on the basis of the stored result before the combustion system is operated.
CN201610948234.8A 2015-11-16 2016-10-26 Combustion system with adaptive Helmholtz resonator and method of operating the same Active CN106705037B (en)

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CN106705037A (en) 2017-05-24
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EP3173698A1 (en) 2017-05-31
DE102015222587A1 (en) 2017-05-18

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