CN106702877B - A kind of hydrophilic bridge of double-deck people's row built in Landscape River and its construction method - Google Patents
A kind of hydrophilic bridge of double-deck people's row built in Landscape River and its construction method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN106702877B CN106702877B CN201710060569.0A CN201710060569A CN106702877B CN 106702877 B CN106702877 B CN 106702877B CN 201710060569 A CN201710060569 A CN 201710060569A CN 106702877 B CN106702877 B CN 106702877B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- landscape
- bridge
- cushion cap
- hydrophilic
- river
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
- E01D1/00—Bridges in general
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
- E01D19/00—Structural or constructional details of bridges
- E01D19/02—Piers; Abutments ; Protecting same against drifting ice
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
- E01D19/00—Structural or constructional details of bridges
- E01D19/10—Railings; Protectors against smoke or gases, e.g. of locomotives; Maintenance travellers; Fastening of pipes or cables to bridges
- E01D19/103—Parapets, railings ; Guard barriers or road-bridges
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
- E01D21/00—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for erecting or assembling bridges
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of hydrophilic bridge of double-deck people's row built in Landscape River and its construction methods, include the cushion cap in river, the lower section of cushion cap is pile foundation；The top of cushion cap is equipped with pier stud, and side has been built across side is equipped with the abutment being connect with river levee across outside in both sides of the upper table towards riverbank of pier stud；The top of cushion cap be equipped with connecting side across two independently arranged middle spans, the internal bridge ladder for leading down into cushion cap is equipped between two middle spans；The cushion cap extends along river direction equipped with hydrophilic landscape platform；Above-mentioned both sides are equipped with peripheral landscape fence across the outer edge with middle span, and the inside edge of the middle span is equipped with internal landscape fence.Using above-mentioned technical proposal, solve the problems, such as instantly landscape bridge pedestrian stop on bridge view influence the traffic capacity so that formed congestion, it is single that Landscape Bridge mode in bridge construction instantly is solved simultaneously, the problem of functional difference, bridge bilayer moulding is the functional requirements such as to meet the traffic capacity, and meet hydrophilic resident, view, have a rest.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to build foot bridge beam technical field in Landscape River, built in Landscape River more particularly to one kind
On the hydrophilic bridge of double-deck people's row and its construction method.
Background technology
Now with national economic development and the promotion of urban construction level, Bridge Landscape is increasingly by governments at all levels
And vast civic is paid attention to, and especially in foot bridge, aesthetics, uniqueness and the innovative proportion in design considers
It is higher and higher.And use railing in the bridge of current same size more, the decorative means such as outer eaves coating enhance Bridge Landscape,
Mode is single, and landscape effect is poor.Bridge is generally higher to aesthetic at Landscape River simultaneously, and periphery vegetation is abundant, landscape show
U.S., bridge often plays the role of attracting resident and tourist as public structure node, and passing resident and tourist are because of view
Demand is usually stopped on bridge, is influenced bridge passage, is caused to generate congestion on bridge.
Invention content
The present invention provides one kind for technical problem present in solution known technology both there is general single layer bridge to pass through,
Have the function of hydrophily, bridge again, while providing the hydrophilic place of amusement and travel for people, also solving landscape bridge congestion
The hydrophilic bridge of double-deck people's row built in Landscape River and its construction method.
The present invention is adopted the technical scheme that solve technical problem present in known technology：
A kind of double-deck hydrophilic bridge of people's row built in Landscape River, it is characterised in that：Include holding in river
The lower section of platform, the cushion cap is pile foundation；The top of the cushion cap is equipped with pier stud, both sides of the upper table towards riverbank of the pier stud
Built side across, side across outside be equipped with the abutment being connect with river levee；The top of the cushion cap be equipped with connecting side across two solely
The middle span set is erected, the internal bridge ladder for leading down into cushion cap is equipped between two middle spans；The cushion cap is along river side
It is equipped with hydrophilic landscape platform to extending；Above-mentioned both sides are equipped with peripheral landscape fence, the centre across the outer edge with middle span
Across inside edge be equipped with internal landscape fence.
The present invention can also use following technical measures：
The side is across using single-ended bifurcated opposite sex steel box-girder.
The middle span uses steel plate girder construction.
It is curve linear type that the side, which bridgees across middle span,.
The cushion cap both sides are trapezoidal hydrophilic landscape platform.
The periphery of the hydrophilic landscape platform is equipped with greenbelt.
The periphery landscape fence and internal landscape fence include with bridge cloth-wrapper connect along bridge direction equipped with counting
A landscape fence unit, adjacent landscape fence unit spliced form landscape bridge railings together；The landscape fence unit packet
Include the head tree for the upper surface for being fixedly mounted on ground cloth-wrapper, the upper surface of the head tree connects handrail, the handrail and ground cloth-wrapper it
Between auxiliary connection column, be installed with internode protective unit between the head tree and secondary column and adjacent secondary column, it is described
Internode protective unit includes the internode crossbeam of two internode connecting poles of two internode connecting poles and connection；During above-mentioned head tree is
Empty formula structure opens up loophole in the lower part of head tree towards roadbed direction, and corresponding to light transmission hole site in the inside of head tree pacifies
Equipped with light transmission glass plate；Installation Landscape Lamp in light transmission hole site is corresponded in the head tree, and scape is offered in the trailing flank of head tree
Lamp mounting hole is seen, cover board is installed the position of Landscape Lamp mounting hole is removable.
The cover board is rectangle groove-like structure, and cover board is installed on the outside of head tree, and the both sides of the cover board are equipped with installation
The both sides in hole, the position of mounting hole head tree of corresponding cover board are equipped with connecting hole, and connection bolt is fitted in the connecting hole.
Rope form connector is equipped between the cover board and head tree or ground cloth-wrapper.
Further include a kind of construction method for building the double-deck hydrophilic bridge of people's row in Landscape River, it is characterised in that including
Following steps：
1), both sides carry out operation of constructing a dam at the bridge location of Landscape River, and carrying out cleaning sludge treatment to river bed creates work
Pile foundation construction is carried out after platform；
2), pile foundation construction is finished builds the abutment of cushion cap and embankment in upside；
3), hydrophilic landscape platform is built in cushion cap both sides, and hydrophilic landscape platform is arranged 1.5% gradient to direction across bridge along cushion cap and uses
It is drained in hydrophilic landscape platform, hydrophilic landscape platform outermost is higher than ordinary water level 20cm, and inside maintains an equal level with cushion cap；
4) pier stud, is built on the upside of cushion cap, it is empty that pier stud arrangement and height need to meet resident's view activity in hydrophilic landscape platform
Between；
5) side, is built on the upside of pier stud bridgees across middle span, across the crotch setting bracket construction in side, for connecting internal bridge ladder；
6) the internal bridge ladder for connecting two layers of bridge, is built between cushion cap and side span centre；
7), across bridgeing across internal bridge ladder top laying colorful rubber plate with centre, landscape fence is built in outside for side；
8), cushion cap is laid with vegetation with stone material, hydrophilic landscape platform edges are laid with above hydrophilic landscape platform.
The invention has the advantages and positive effects that：Since the present invention uses above-mentioned technical proposal, pass and parent
Water view path separates, and solves the congestion problems caused by servant's row Landscape Bridge is due to stopping view, while by hydrophilic flat
The design of platform meets resident and tourist is hydrophilic, view, functional demand such as have a rest.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the vertical view of Fig. 1；
Fig. 3 is lower layer's vertical view of Fig. 1；
Fig. 4 is landscape fence structural schematic diagram；
Fig. 5 is A-A sectional views in Fig. 4；
Fig. 6 be in B-B sectional views in 5.
In figure：1, cushion cap；2, pile foundation；3, pier stud；4, side across；5, abutment；6, middle span；7, internal bridge ladder；8, hydrophilic
Landscape platform；9, peripheral landscape fence；10, internal landscape fence；10-1, head tree；10-10, loophole；10-11, light transmission glass
Glass plate；10-12, Landscape Lamp；10-13, Landscape Lamp mounting hole；10-14, connecting hole；10-2, handrail；10-3, secondary column；10-4、
Internode connecting pole；10-5, internode crossbeam；10-6, cover board；10-60, mounting hole；10-17, connection bolt；10-18, rope form connection
Part.
Specific implementation mode
In order to further understand the content, features and effects of the present invention, the following examples are hereby given, and coordinate attached drawing
Detailed description are as follows：
It please refers to Fig.1 to Fig.3, a kind of double-deck hydrophilic bridge of people's row built in Landscape River, including is located in river
Cushion cap 1, the lower section of the cushion cap is pile foundation 2；The top of the cushion cap is equipped with pier stud 3, and the upper table of the pier stud is towards river
Side has been built across 4 in the both sides of bank, side across outside be equipped with the abutment 5 being connect with river levee；The top of the cushion cap is equipped with connecting side
Across two independently arranged middle spans 6, the internal bridge ladder 7 for leading down into cushion cap is equipped between two middle spans, side is across in
Span is curve modeling, and current demand is separated with the view demand by internal bridge ladder downlink；The cushion cap is along river
Road direction, which extends, is equipped with hydrophilic landscape platform 8；Above-mentioned both sides are equipped with peripheral landscape fence 9, institute across the outer edge with middle span
The inside edge for stating middle span is equipped with internal landscape fence 10.
Preferably, the side is across using single-ended bifurcated opposite sex steel box-girder.
Preferably, the middle span uses steel plate girder construction；Steel plate depth of beam in this way is small；To meet lower space headroom.
Preferably, it is separated with view path to pass through, middle span uses curve linear, and the company that can arrive at lower layer is added
Connect internal bridge ladder.
Preferably, the cushion cap both sides are trapezoidal hydrophilic landscape platform.Hydrophilic landscape platform internal water accumulation in order to prevent, institute
1.5% longitudinal slope is arranged in the hydrophilic landscape platform stated.
Preferably, the periphery of the hydrophilic landscape platform is equipped with greenbelt.
Preferably, fig. 4 to fig. 6 is please referred to, the landscape fence includes with bridge being equipped with along bridge direction of connecting of cloth-wrapper
Several landscape fence units, adjacent landscape fence unit spliced form landscape bridge railings together；The landscape fence unit
Head tree 10-1 including the upper surface for being fixedly mounted on ground cloth-wrapper, the upper surface connection handrail 10-2 of the head tree, it is described to help
Auxiliary connection column 10-3 between hand and ground cloth-wrapper is installed with internode between the head tree and secondary column and adjacent secondary column
Protective unit, the internode protective unit include the internode crossbeam of two internode connecting poles of two internode connecting pole 10-4 and connection
10-5；Above-mentioned head tree is hollow type structure, loophole 10-10 is opened up towards roadbed direction in the lower part of head tree, in master
The inside of column corresponds to light transmission hole site and is equipped with light transmission glass plate 10-11；The installation of light transmission hole site is corresponded in the head tree
Landscape Lamp 10-12 offers Landscape Lamp mounting hole 10-13 in the trailing flank of head tree, removable in the position of Landscape Lamp mounting hole
Formula is equipped with cover board 10-6.
Preferably, the cover board is rectangle groove-like structure, and cover board is installed on the outside of head tree, the two of the cover board 10-6
Side is equipped with mounting hole 10-60, and the both sides of the position of mounting hole head tree of corresponding cover board are equipped with connecting hole 10-14, the connecting hole
Inside it is fitted with connection bolt 10-17.
Preferably, rope form connector 10-18 is equipped between the cover board and head tree or ground cloth-wrapper.
Further include a kind of construction method for building the double-deck hydrophilic bridge of people's row in Landscape River, it is characterised in that including
Following steps：
1), both sides carry out operation of constructing a dam at the bridge location of Landscape River, and carrying out cleaning sludge treatment to river bed creates work
Pile foundation construction is carried out after platform；
2), pile foundation construction is finished builds the abutment of cushion cap and embankment in upside；
3), hydrophilic landscape platform is built in cushion cap both sides, and hydrophilic landscape platform is arranged 1.5% gradient to direction across bridge along cushion cap and uses
It is drained in hydrophilic landscape platform, hydrophilic landscape platform outermost is higher than ordinary water level 20cm, and inside maintains an equal level with cushion cap；
4) pier stud, is built on the upside of cushion cap, it is empty that pier stud arrangement and height need to meet resident's view activity in hydrophilic landscape platform
Between；
5) side, is built on the upside of pier stud bridgees across middle span, across the crotch setting bracket construction in side, for connecting internal bridge ladder；
6) the internal bridge ladder for connecting two layers of bridge, is built between cushion cap and side span centre；
7), across bridgeing across internal bridge ladder top laying colorful rubber plate with centre, landscape fence is built in outside for side；
8), cushion cap is laid with vegetation with stone material, hydrophilic landscape platform edges are laid with above hydrophilic landscape platform.
The above is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any form,
Every any simple modification made to the above embodiment according to the technical essence of the invention, equivalent variations and modification, belong to
In the range of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of double-deck hydrophilic bridge of people's row built in Landscape River, it is characterised in that：Include the cushion cap in river,
The lower section of the cushion cap is pile foundation；The top of the cushion cap is equipped with pier stud, and both sides of the upper table towards riverbank of the pier stud are taken
Have side across, side across outside be equipped with the abutment being connect with river levee；The top of the cushion cap be equipped with connecting side across two independences
The middle span being arranged is equipped with the internal bridge ladder for leading down into cushion cap between two middle spans；The cushion cap is along river direction
Extend and is equipped with hydrophilic landscape platform；Above-mentioned both sides are equipped with peripheral landscape fence, the middle span across the outer edge with middle span
Inside edge be equipped with internal landscape fence.
2. the double-deck hydrophilic bridge of people's row according to claim 1 built in Landscape River, it is characterised in that：The side
Across using single-ended bifurcated opposite sex steel box-girder.
3. the double-deck hydrophilic bridge of people's row according to claim 1 built in Landscape River, it is characterised in that：In described
Span uses steel plate girder construction.
4. the double-deck hydrophilic bridge of people's row according to claim 1 built in Landscape River, it is characterised in that：Described
It is curve linear type that side, which bridgees across middle span,.
5. the double-deck hydrophilic bridge of people's row according to claim 1 built in Landscape River, it is characterised in that：Described
Cushion cap both sides are trapezoidal hydrophilic landscape platform, and 1.5% longitudinal slope is arranged in the hydrophilic landscape platform.
6. the double-deck hydrophilic bridge of people's row according to claim 1 built in Landscape River, it is characterised in that：The parent
The periphery of water landscape platform is equipped with greenbelt.
7. the double-deck hydrophilic bridge of people's row according to claim 1 built in Landscape River, it is characterised in that：Peripheral scape
See guardrail and internal landscape fence include with bridge cloth-wrapper connect along bridge direction equipped with several landscape fence units, it is adjacent
Landscape fence unit spliced form landscape bridge railings together；The landscape fence unit include be fixedly mounted on ground cloth-wrapper it is upper
The upper surface of the head tree on surface, the head tree connects handrail, auxiliary connection column between the handrail and ground cloth-wrapper, and the master stands
Internode protective unit is installed between column and secondary column and adjacent secondary column, the internode protective unit includes two sections
Between connecting pole and connection two internode connecting poles internode crossbeam；Above-mentioned head tree is hollow type structure, under head tree
Portion opens up loophole towards roadbed direction, and corresponding to light transmission hole site in the inside of head tree is equipped with light transmission glass plate；The master
Installation Landscape Lamp in light transmission hole site is corresponded in column, Landscape Lamp mounting hole is offered in the trailing flank of head tree, is pacified in Landscape Lamp
The position in dress hole is removable to be equipped with cover board.
8. the double-deck hydrophilic bridge of people's row according to claim 7 built in Landscape River, it is characterised in that：The lid
Plate is rectangle groove-like structure, and cover board is installed on the outside of head tree, and the both sides of the cover board are equipped with mounting hole, the peace of corresponding cover board
The both sides for filling hole site head tree are equipped with connecting hole, and connection bolt is fitted in the connecting hole.
9. the double-deck hydrophilic bridge of people's row according to claim 7 built in Landscape River, it is characterised in that：The lid
Rope form connector is equipped between plate and head tree or ground cloth-wrapper.
10. a kind of any constructions that building the double-deck hydrophilic bridge of people's row in Landscape River of the claims 1-9
Method, it is characterised in that include the following steps：
1), both sides carry out operation of constructing a dam at the bridge location of Landscape River, and carrying out cleaning sludge treatment to river bed creates workbench
After carry out pile foundation construction；
2), pile foundation construction is finished builds the abutment of cushion cap and embankment in upside；
3), hydrophilic landscape platform is built in cushion cap both sides, and 1.5% gradient is arranged for parent to direction across bridge along cushion cap in hydrophilic landscape platform
Water landscape platform drains, and hydrophilic landscape platform outermost is higher than ordinary water level 20cm, and inside maintains an equal level with cushion cap；
4) pier stud, is built on the upside of cushion cap, pier stud arrangement and height need to meet resident's view activity space in hydrophilic landscape platform；
5) side, is built on the upside of pier stud bridgees across middle span, across the crotch setting bracket construction in side, for connecting internal bridge ladder；
6) the internal bridge ladder for connecting two layers of bridge, is built between cushion cap and side span centre；
7), across bridgeing across internal bridge ladder top laying colorful rubber plate with centre, peripheral landscape fence and internal scape are built in outside for side
See guardrail；
8), cushion cap is laid with vegetation with stone material, hydrophilic landscape platform edges are laid with above hydrophilic landscape platform.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710060569.0A CN106702877B (en) | 2017-01-25 | 2017-01-25 | A kind of hydrophilic bridge of double-deck people's row built in Landscape River and its construction method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710060569.0A CN106702877B (en) | 2017-01-25 | 2017-01-25 | A kind of hydrophilic bridge of double-deck people's row built in Landscape River and its construction method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN106702877A CN106702877A (en) | 2017-05-24 |
| CN106702877B true CN106702877B (en) | 2018-07-27 |
Family
ID=58909958
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710060569.0A Active CN106702877B (en) | 2017-01-25 | 2017-01-25 | A kind of hydrophilic bridge of double-deck people's row built in Landscape River and its construction method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN106702877B (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114370004B (en) * | 2022-01-14 | 2024-01-30 | 中国电建集团市政规划设计研究院有限公司 | Island-shaped viewing platform and bridge construction method |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2008115645A (en) * | 2006-11-07 | 2008-05-22 | Shimizu Corp | Grade separated crossing structure and construction method of grade separated crossing structure |
| CN202509353U (en) * | 2012-04-16 | 2012-10-31 | 张航 | Flyover central passenger footbridge |
| CN203034363U (en) * | 2013-01-07 | 2013-07-03 | 泰孚新材料科技发展（上海）有限公司 | Recessed light integrated guardrail for road bridge |
| CN203393597U (en) * | 2013-08-08 | 2014-01-15 | 李扬芳 | Sightseeing arch bridge |
| CN204919300U (en) * | 2015-06-18 | 2015-12-30 | 唐舒眉 | Public road bridge of view |
| CN206521685U (en) * | 2017-01-25 | 2017-09-26 | 天津城建设计院有限公司 | A kind of double-deck hydrophilic bridge of people's row built in Landscape River |
-
2017
- 2017-01-25 CN CN201710060569.0A patent/CN106702877B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2008115645A (en) * | 2006-11-07 | 2008-05-22 | Shimizu Corp | Grade separated crossing structure and construction method of grade separated crossing structure |
| CN202509353U (en) * | 2012-04-16 | 2012-10-31 | 张航 | Flyover central passenger footbridge |
| CN203034363U (en) * | 2013-01-07 | 2013-07-03 | 泰孚新材料科技发展（上海）有限公司 | Recessed light integrated guardrail for road bridge |
| CN203393597U (en) * | 2013-08-08 | 2014-01-15 | 李扬芳 | Sightseeing arch bridge |
| CN204919300U (en) * | 2015-06-18 | 2015-12-30 | 唐舒眉 | Public road bridge of view |
| CN206521685U (en) * | 2017-01-25 | 2017-09-26 | 天津城建设计院有限公司 | A kind of double-deck hydrophilic bridge of people's row built in Landscape River |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN106702877A (en) | 2017-05-24 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US10731327B2 (en) | Structure and method of making the same | |
| CN202577157U (en) | Simple support arch bridge straining beam construction support system | |
| CN201835564U (en) | Elevated multi-layer parking lot | |
| KR20110016365A (en) | Composite structure with long span cable bridge and building | |
| CN206521685U (en) | A kind of double-deck hydrophilic bridge of people's row built in Landscape River | |
| CN105804340A (en) | Spiral stair and building method thereof | |
| CN106702877B (en) | A kind of hydrophilic bridge of double-deck people's row built in Landscape River and its construction method | |
| CN201078116Y (en) | Aerial commerce parking structure without much space | |
| CN212248052U (en) | Dyke and landscape integrated water affair monitoring station for urban embankment | |
| CN104929033A (en) | Bridge structure similar to double-layer structure | |
| CN113481814A (en) | Novel assembly type green pedestrian overpass and use method thereof | |
| CN201686953U (en) | Novel wall fence used for road | |
| CN206173781U (en) | No end bay half -through tie rod ribbon arched bridge | |
| CN200940245Y (en) | Road built by assembled casing filled with stone | |
| CN206396565U (en) | A kind of city multilayer interchange overpass | |
| CN211340256U (en) | Long-distance passing culvert structure suitable for urban river | |
| CN201746811U (en) | Wave resistance and guardrail structure | |
| Siwowski et al. | The circular footbridge of Rzeszów, Poland | |
| CN204589781U (en) | Novel pedestrian bridge | |
| CN214219574U (en) | Flow-picking type artificial waterfall landscape dam | |
| CN212801166U (en) | Closed pedestrian bridge | |
| CN106480814A (en) | A kind of assembled rail transit elevated bridge beam construction method and structure | |
| CN207761241U (en) | A kind of suspension type elevator shaft structure | |
| CN115075170B (en) | Sound absorption anti-collision guardrail | |
| CN210657963U (en) | Transverse multi-span frame pier for railway and rail traffic |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |