CN106702235A - High-strength and high-breaking tenacity aluminum alloy - Google Patents
High-strength and high-breaking tenacity aluminum alloy Download PDFInfo
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- CN106702235A CN106702235A CN201710080019.5A CN201710080019A CN106702235A CN 106702235 A CN106702235 A CN 106702235A CN 201710080019 A CN201710080019 A CN 201710080019A CN 106702235 A CN106702235 A CN 106702235A
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/10—Alloys based on aluminium with zinc as the next major constituent
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
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- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/06—Making non-ferrous alloys with the use of special agents for refining or deoxidising
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/053—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with zinc as the next major constituent
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of aluminum alloy materials, particularly relates to a high-strength and high-breaking tenacity aluminum alloy and aims at achieving the purpose of providing the high-strength and high-breaking tenacity aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof. Specifically, according to the adopted technical scheme, the high-strength and high-breaking tenacity aluminum alloy comprises, by mass percent, 0.2%-1% of Sc, 3%-6% of Zn, 1%-2% of Mg, 0.5%-1% of Zr, smaller than 0.1% of Fe and the balance aluminum and unavoidable impurities. By strictly controlling the content of the Sc elements within 0.2%-1%, under the situation of matching with other alloy elements, the strength of the aluminum alloy is kept above 500 MPa while the breaking tencity of the aluminum alloy is effectively improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to aluminum alloy materials technical field, and in particular to a kind of high-strength high-fracture toughness aluminium alloy.
Background technology
Aluminum alloy materials are so that its specific strength is high, strong mechanical property, weldability are good, tenable environment wide ranges the features such as,
It is widely used in the parts such as aerospace field, such as aircraft skin, stringer, wing flap, and rocket nacelle, fuel tank, on
The structures such as face level, large-scale manned sealed compartment.With persistently increasing for space junk, space environment is continuous worsening, and spacecraft faces
Be significantly increased by collision probability, therefore service safety to material proposes higher and higher requirement.Wherein fracture toughness
It is the key factor for evaluating crack initiation and propagation ability, consequence is occupied in security examination.But current state
The fracture toughness of inside and outside Aluminium Alloys in Common Use is often very low, as shown in table 1.The fracture of traditional 7XXX systems and 2XXX line aluminium alloys is tough
Property all only have 30 MPam1/2Left and right, far can not meet requirement of the increasingly severe space environment to safety of being on active service.Therefore,
Beyond traditional high-intensity high-tenacity aluminium alloy is considered, also need to develop the aluminium alloy for being provided simultaneously with good fracture toughness, that is, have
There is the aluminium alloy of high combination property.
The fracture toughness of the domestic and international common Aero-Space aluminium alloy of table 1
| Model | Fracture toughness (MPam1/2) |
| 7055-T7751 | 28.6 |
| 7055-T7651 | 29.7 |
| 7150-T7751 | 29.7 |
| 2124-T62 | 28.5 |
| 7A09-T6 | 21.4 |
| A356-T6 | 19.5 |
| 2124-T851 | 33.5 |
As a rule, fracture toughness declines with the strength enhancing of material.Such as Fig. 1 " fracture toughnesses and yield strength of material
Between relation " shown in, for the metals such as steel, titanium, aluminium, magnesium and its alloy, with the rising of yield strength, fracture toughness
Downward trend is all presented, therefore, intensity, plasticity and the fracture toughness that alloy how is improved simultaneously are a difficulties of current research
Point.For fracture toughness, its influence factor mainly includes impurity content, and second phase size contains with distribution, solid solution element
Amount, degree of recrystallization etc..Wherein most importantly form small and dispersed and the second phase with aluminum substrate coherence, is considered as
It is the most effective means for developing high combination property aluminium alloy.
Scandium as important rare earth element and transition, with fusing point and boiling point very high.Scandium（Sc）It is to be so far
The element best to aluminum grain refinement effect for only finding, adds micro in aluminium alloy（Some thousandths of）Sc just can
Significantly increase the performance of alloy.For example, compared with other high-strength aluminum alloys, the mechanical strength of aluminium-scandium alloy can increase by 20%
~50%, this is the nascent A1 that a large amount of Dispersed precipitates are formd due to the addition of Sc elements3Sc particles, for crystallization provides core
The heart, and A13Sc particles are L12 crystal structures, and with the mismatch that base aluminum only has about 1.5%, density in the base is higher,
Therefore below eutectic temperature, come into being A13Sc particles are the preferentially forming core places of α-Al, are effective heterogeneous nucleations, can
Crystallite dimension is substantially reduced, splendid aplitic texture is formed, crystal grain refinement phenomenon is very notable under as cast condition state.So, plus
Enter and form the A1 with the basic coherence of base aluminum by adding scandium3Sc, is the optimal selection for developing high combination property aluminium alloy.Its
In, the welding performance of Al-Mg-Sc alloy is excellent, and Thermal cracking phenomenon is reduced, while plasticity, durability, ratio of briquetting have in various degree
Raising, still keep superplasticity in high-temperature region.For almag, the addition of Microamounts of Scandium element is (about
0.3%) for the crystal grain effect is significant of refinement as cast condition almag, intensity, toughness, hardness, resistance to crack extension ability are being improved
And while other mechanical performances, the heat endurance and solderability of alloy can also be improved.
Therefore, in developed countries such as Russia, the U.S., France, Al-Mg-Sc alloy has been used to the lotus of aerospace field
The thermonuclear reactor part of weight structure part and anti-neutron irradiation damage, particularly Russia have developed 01515,01523,
A series of Al-Mg-Sc alloy of trades mark such as 01535,01545,01570, is applied to Tank of Spacecraft, heat exchanger, instrument board, instrument
The bearing member (beam and support) in table cabin etc..Airbus France has been developed for AA5024 H116 Al-Mg-Sc alloys（Sc：
0.1%-0.4%）, possessing middle high intensity, high damage tolerance is very potential fuselage skin material, can be substituted for passing
System 2xxx line aluminium alloys, in having been listed in the AIMS03-01-055 material purchases books of company.Although China be scandium element
Resource big country, in the Inner Mongol, there are abundant mineral products containing scandium on the ground such as Bayan Obo, Sichuan.But China is for aluminium-magnesium-scandium
The research and development of alloy are also in starting stage, only Shanghai Communications University, Central South University, Jilin University, the limited duty of northeast light-alloy
Exploitation of the minority unit such as Ren companies, southwestern Aluminum to aluminium-scandium alloy has carried out exploratory development.Table 2 is existing Al-Mg-Sc alloy
Performance is summarized.
The performance comparison of the existing Al-Mg-Sc alloy of table 2
| Model | Yield strength/MPa | Tensile strength/MPa | Elongation percentage/% |
| 01515 | 160 | 250 | 16 |
| 01523 | 200 | 270 | 16 |
| 01535 | 280 | 360 | 20 |
| 01545 | 290 | 380 | 13 |
| 01570 | 300 | 400 | 15 |
| AA5024 | 305 | 380 | 15 |
| 5B70-H32 | 300 | 418 | 11 |
In general, the exploration both at home and abroad for Al-Mg-Sc alloy system is not also very ripe, it is impossible to meet existing aviation boat
Its requirement for material high combination property.Therefore the resources advantage of China is given full play to, the aluminium-magnesium-scandium of novel high-performance is researched and developed
Alloy is very urgent, and the research and development success of the alloy will lift China's aerospace material level, propulsion Aero-Space cause
High speed development.
The content of the invention
To solve the problems, such as prior art, the invention provides a kind of high intensity high-fracture toughness aluminium alloy and its
Preparation method.
Specifically, the technical scheme for using for：
A kind of high-strength high-fracture toughness aluminium alloy, including following weight/mass percentage composition composition：Sc0.2-1%, Zn3-6%, Mg1-
2%, Zr0.5-1%, Fe<0.1%, balance of aluminium and inevitable impurity.
Further, in order to the Fe contents in alloy are controlled below 0.1%, the alloying element of addition except Zn, Mg, Sc,
Outside Zr, the Mn of 0.5-1% should be also added.
Fe is impurity element in the present invention, and Sc, Zn, Mg, Zr, Mn are the alloying elements for needing addition.
The performance of aluminium alloy of the present invention can reach：Yield strength>500MPa, tensile strength>530MPa, stretching>
7%, fracture toughness >=50MPam1/2。
Aluminium alloy of the invention prepares basic demand：1. the content of strict control Sc is between 0.2-1%；2. reduce miscellaneous
The content of prime element, plus Mn elements make Fe<0.1%, it would however also be possible to employ the content of other method reduction impurity element；3. use and divide
The mode of section heat treatment improves the intensity and fracture toughness of casting, and such as 120-125 DEG C timeliness 16h is then increased to 160 DEG C of timeliness
20-30min, finally in 120-125 DEG C of timeliness 16h.
The present invention can be prepared in the following manner：
1）The quality of intermediate alloy, is got the raw materials ready needed for being calculated by proportioning.Alloy element Zn, Mg, Sc, Mn are with the shape of intermediate alloy
Formula is added, and Zr is added in the form of pure Zr or Al-Zr alloys.
Smelting furnace needs to clean out, it is to avoid the alloy of residual influences the performance of alloy.
2）After aluminium ingot surface clean is clean, aluminium ingot is put into smelting furnace（Shaft furnace）Melting, smelting temperature are carried out in crucible
It is 690-710 DEG C.
3）When temperature of aluminum liquid reaches 700 DEG C, the Al-Zn intermediate alloys after drying, Al-Mg alloys are added to aluminium liquid
In；
Aluminium liquid is warming up to 750 DEG C, and Al-Sc intermediate alloys, Zr or Al-Zr intermediate alloys, Al-Mn intermediate alloys are added to together
In aluminium liquid, insulation, soaking time is all melted by the raw material that can make addition and is defined, and can such as be incubated 15-20min.
4）Raw material all fusing after, it is refined successively, pull out slag, Metamorphism treatment, pull out slag, cast, obtain aluminium alloy castings.
Further, refinement step is carried out under the conditions of 750 DEG C of temperature of aluminum liquid using the special refining agent of aluminium alloy.Refining
During with refining spoon stir certain hour up and down to refine alloy abundant.730 DEG C of insulations are cooled to after refining, 5 minutes are stood,
Field trash is sufficiently floated or is sunk, then carry out pulling out slag.The selection of the species and consumption of refining agent is this area routine
Technological means, not as limitation of the present invention.
Further, the aluminium liquid after refining carries out Metamorphism treatment at 730 DEG C, adds Al-5Ti-B and Al-Sr to be become
Matter, 10 minutes are stood after stirring fully.Slag is pulled out after standing, surface scale and impurities at bottom is removed.The consumption of alterant is this
Field conventional technical means, not as limitation of the present invention.
To refine, it is rotten after temperature of aluminum liquid be down to 700 DEG C and prepare cast.Metal gravity pouring technology can be used,
Casting mold is warming up to 200 DEG C in an oven, and aluminium liquid is added among mould with scoop, and after mould cooling, casting takes out, inspection
Ergometry performance.
The present invention has the advantages that：The present invention passes through the content of strict control Sc elements in 0.2-1%, by A13Sc
The size controlling of particle is coordinated in particular range with other alloying elements, realizes effective lifting aluminium alloy
While fracture toughness, the intensity of aluminium alloy is also maintained at more than 500MPa.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the relation between the fracture toughness and yield strength of material.
Specific embodiment
The following examples can make those skilled in the art that the present invention is more fully understood, but limit never in any form
The present invention.
Embodiment 1
A kind of high-strength high-fracture toughness aluminium alloy, including following weight/mass percentage composition composition：Sc0.5%, Zn5%, Mg2%,
Zr0.5%, Fe0.085%, balance of aluminium and inevitable impurity.
Its fracture toughness is 51 MPam1/2。
Mechanical property under its different conditions is as shown in table 3,
Mechanical property under the aluminium alloy different conditions of the embodiment 1 of table 3
| YS (MPa) | UTS (MPa) | EL (%) | |
| As cast condition | 247 | 273 | 1.1 |
| As-extruded | 376 | 496 | 11.1 |
| As-extruded T4（470℃ 2h） | 342 | 490 | 11.7 |
| As-extruded T6（120℃ 24h） | 443 | 499 | 8.9 |
| As-extruded T6（120℃16h+160℃20min+120℃16h） | 501 | 536 | 7.9 |
Embodiment 2
A kind of high-strength high-fracture toughness aluminium alloy, including following weight/mass percentage composition composition：Sc0.5%, Zn3%, Mg1.5%,
Zr0.5%, Mn0.8%, Fe0.087%, balance of aluminium and inevitable impurity.
Embodiment 3
A kind of high-strength high-fracture toughness aluminium alloy, including following weight/mass percentage composition composition：Sc0.8%, Zn5%, Mg2%,
Zr0.8%, Mn0.7%, Fe0.082%, balance of aluminium and inevitable impurity.
Embodiment 4
A kind of high-strength high-fracture toughness aluminium alloy, including following weight/mass percentage composition composition：Sc0.2%, Zn4%, Mg1.2%,
Zr0.6%, Fe0.094%, balance of aluminium and inevitable impurity.
Embodiment 5
A kind of high-strength high-fracture toughness aluminium alloy, including following weight/mass percentage composition composition：Sc0.4%, Zn3%, Mg1.4%,
Zr0.7%, Fe0.083%, balance of aluminium and inevitable impurity.
Embodiment 6
A kind of high-strength high-fracture toughness aluminium alloy, including following weight/mass percentage composition composition：Sc0.6%, Zn4.7%, Mg1.8%,
Zr0.6%, Fe0.088%, balance of aluminium and inevitable impurity.
Embodiment 7
A kind of high-strength high-fracture toughness aluminium alloy, including following weight/mass percentage composition composition：Sc0.7%, Zn5.2%, Mg1.6%,
Zr1%, Fe0.091%, balance of aluminium and inevitable impurity.
Embodiment 8
A kind of high-strength high-fracture toughness aluminium alloy, including following weight/mass percentage composition composition：Sc0.8%, Zn6%, Mg1%,
Zr0.9%, Fe0.073%, balance of aluminium and inevitable impurity.
Embodiment 9
A kind of high-strength high-fracture toughness aluminium alloy, including following weight/mass percentage composition composition：Sc1%, Zn4.5%, Mg1.5%,
Zr0.5%, Fe0.088%, balance of aluminium and inevitable impurity.
Embodiment 10
A kind of high-strength high-fracture toughness aluminium alloy, including following weight/mass percentage composition composition：Sc0.6%, Zn4%, Mg1.5%,
Zr1%, Mn0.6%, Fe0.093%, balance of aluminium and inevitable impurity.
Embodiment 11
A kind of high-strength high-fracture toughness aluminium alloy, including following weight/mass percentage composition composition：Sc0.3%, Zn5%, Mg2%,
Zr0.5%, Mn0.5%, Fe0.075%, balance of aluminium and inevitable impurity.
Embodiment 12
A kind of high-strength high-fracture toughness aluminium alloy, including following weight/mass percentage composition composition：Sc0.7%, Zn4.2%, Mg1%,
Zr0.8%, Mn1%, Fe0.077%, balance of aluminium and inevitable impurity.
The preparation method of the aluminium alloy described in above-described embodiment is：
1）The quality of intermediate alloy or pure elemental metal, is got the raw materials ready needed for being calculated by proportioning, and the cleaning of shaft furnace furnace is dry
Only.In alloying element, Zn, Mg, Sc, Mn are added in the form of intermediate alloy, and Zr is added in the form of pure Zr or Al-Zr alloys；
2）After aluminium ingot surface clean is clean, aluminium ingot is put into carries out melting in shaft furnace crucible, and smelting temperature is 690-710 DEG C；
3）When temperature of aluminum liquid reaches 700 DEG C, the Al-Zn intermediate alloys after drying, Al-Mg alloys are added in aluminium liquid；
Aluminium liquid is warming up to 750 DEG C, and Al-Sc intermediate alloys, Zr or Al-Zr intermediate alloys, Al-Mn intermediate alloys are added to together
In aluminium liquid, 15min is incubated, the intermediate alloy of addition is all melted；
4）Raw material all fusing after, it is refined successively, pull out slag, Metamorphism treatment, pull out slag, cast, obtain aluminium alloy castings.
When temperature of aluminum liquid reaches 750 DEG C, it is initially added into the special refining agent of aluminium alloy and is refined, with refining in refining process
Spoon stir up and down 5 minutes it is abundant to alloy refining.Refining be cooled to 730 DEG C of insulations, standing 5 minutes, make field trash it is sufficient on
Floating or sinking, then carries out pulling out slag.
Metamorphism treatment is carried out during 730 DEG C of temperature of aluminum liquid, adds Al-5Ti-B and Al-Sr to be gone bad, it is quiet after stirring fully
Put 10 minutes.Slag is pulled out after standing, surface scale and impurities at bottom is removed.
To refine, it is rotten after temperature of aluminum liquid be down to 700 DEG C and prepare cast, using metal gravity pouring technology, cast
Mould is warming up to 200 DEG C in an oven, and aluminium liquid is added among mould with scoop, and after mould cooling, casting takes out post processing：
120 DEG C of timeliness 16h, are then increased to 160 DEG C of timeliness 20min, finally in 120 DEG C of timeliness 16h.
Mechanical castings to above-described embodiment 1-12 detect that index is the fracture toughness at 20 DEG C, As-extruded
The yield strength of T6, tensile strength and elongation percentage.Specifically it is shown in Table 4.
The Mechanical Property in Aluminum Alloy Castings of the embodiment 1-12 of table 4
| Embodiment is numbered | Fracture toughness (MPam1/2) | YS (MPa) | UTS (MPa) | EL (%) |
| 1 | 51 | 501 | 532 | 7.9 |
| 2 | 50 | 501 | 535 | 8.4 |
| 3 | 52 | 506 | 538 | 8.0 |
| 4 | 52 | 502 | 530 | 8.1 |
| 5 | 53 | 500 | 532 | 8.3 |
| 6 | 50.4 | 501 | 534 | 8.0 |
| 7 | 52.1 | 505 | 534 | 7.5 |
| 8 | 51 | 507 | 535 | 8.1 |
| 9 | 53.3 | 510 | 539 | 7.7 |
| 10 | 51.7 | 503 | 536 | 8.3 |
| 11 | 52.2 | 500 | 532 | 8.0 |
| 12 | 51 | 505 | 532 | 7.9 |
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the mixing match of above example particularly auxiliary agent, is only exemplary embodiment, not
In the case of the spirit and scope of the present invention, various changes, replacement can be carried out and changed.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of high-strength high-fracture toughness aluminium alloy, it is characterised in that including aluminum substrate, alloying element and impurity element, alloy
Element includes the Sc0.2-1%, Zn3-6%, Mg1-2%, Zr0.5-1% of weight/mass percentage composition, Impurity Fe<0.1%, it is balance of
Aluminium and inevitable other impurities element.
2. a kind of high-strength high-fracture toughness aluminium alloy according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the content of Sc is 0.5-
0.9%。
3. a kind of high-strength high-fracture toughness aluminium alloy according to claim 1, it is characterised in that alloying element also includes Mn
0.5-1%。
4. according to any described a kind of high-strength high-fracture toughness aluminium alloys of claim 1-3, it is characterised in that its yield strength
>500MPa, tensile strength>530MPa, stretching>7%, fracture toughness >=50MPam1/2。
5. according to the preparation method of any described a kind of high-strength high-fracture toughness aluminium alloys of claim 1-3, it is characterised in that
Comprise the following steps：
1）Raw material dosage is calculated by proportioning and get the raw materials ready；Smelting furnace is cleaned out；Alloy element Zr is with the shape of pure Zr or Al-Zr alloys
Formula is added, and remaining is added in the form of intermediate alloy；
2）Aluminium ingot is put into carries out melting in smelting furnace crucible, smelting temperature is 690-710 DEG C；
3）When temperature of aluminum liquid reaches 700 DEG C, Al-Zn intermediate alloys, Al-Mg alloys are added in aluminium liquid；
Aluminium liquid is warming up to 750 DEG C, and Al-Sc intermediate alloys, Zr or Al-Zr intermediate alloys are added in aluminium liquid together, and insulation makes
The raw material of addition all melts；
4）Raw material all fusing after, it is refined successively, pull out slag, Metamorphism treatment, pull out slag, cast, obtain aluminium alloy castings；
When containing Mn in composition, added together with Al-Sc intermediate alloys, Zr or Al-Zr intermediate alloys.
6. preparation method according to claim 5, it is characterised in that under the conditions of 750 DEG C of temperature of aluminum liquid, use aluminium alloy
Special refining agent is refined.
7. preparation method according to claim 6, it is characterised in that 730 DEG C of insulations are cooled to after refining, 5 minutes are stood
Afterwards, carry out pulling out slag.
8. preparation method according to claim 5, it is characterised in that Metamorphism treatment temperature is 730 DEG C, and alterant is Al-
5Ti-B and Al-Sr.
9. preparation method according to claim 5, it is characterised in that pouring temperature is 700 DEG C.
10. preparation method according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the post processor of aluminium alloy castings is：120-
125 DEG C of timeliness 16h, are then increased to 160 DEG C of timeliness 20-30min, finally in 120-125 DEG C of timeliness 16h.
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| CN107058829A (en) * | 2017-06-27 | 2017-08-18 | 桂林理工大学 | High-performance with ultra-fine grained structure contains the high zinc wrought aluminium alloy of scandium and preparation method |
| CN108441659A (en) * | 2018-03-31 | 2018-08-24 | 安徽优合科技股份有限公司 | A kind of smelting technology of high tough die casting A356 aluminium alloys |
| CN109055837A (en) * | 2018-09-14 | 2018-12-21 | 福建祥鑫股份有限公司 | Solderable Alcoa of a kind of 7XXX containing Sc and Er and preparation method thereof |
| CN110093537A (en) * | 2019-04-30 | 2019-08-06 | 上海交通大学 | A kind of high-fracture toughness Al-Mg-Sc alloy bar and preparation method thereof |
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