CN106700006A - 一种纳米二氧化硅复合物材料及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种纳米二氧化硅复合物材料及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glutaraldehyde Chemical compound O=CCCCC=O SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
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- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 12
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种纳米二氧化硅聚合物材料及其制备方法和应用,属于复合材料技术领域。本发明将纳米二氧化硅放入乙醇中,加入氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷,回流反应,得到产物A;将产物A放入蒸馏水中,加入戊二醛与氨基硫脲,回流反应,即得到纳米二氧化硅聚合物材料。本发明制备得到的纳米材料可以选择性吸附水溶液中的金离子,可广泛用于工业废水中金离子的回收处理。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种纳米二氧化硅复合物材料及其制备方法和应用,属于复合材料技术领域。
背景技术
金作为一种贵金属被广泛应用于工业、农业、医学等领域,从含金溶液中回收金在经济上有着迫切的需求。金的回收方法通常包括溶剂萃取、沉淀、膜过滤等。然而,这些染料污水处理技术通常具有许多局限性,如产生二次污染,费用昂贵,能耗高等。而吸附法是一种有效回收金的方法,因为其具有效率高,操作简便和成本低的优点。它是将吸附剂加入到含金废液中,通过吸附剂的表面活性吸附富集金。吸附法通常采用固相物质作为吸附剂,如活性炭、树脂、纤维素等,但其中许多吸附剂缺乏选择性,因此开发更高效、经济、具有选择性的吸附剂来处理含金废水是目前研究的热点。
近年来纳米材料因为其独特的性质吸引了人们的注意,与其他材料相比,纳米材料具有极高的比表面积。在众多纳米材料中,二氧化硅纳米材料具有稳定性好、无毒、可重复利用、机械强度高、廉价易得、易于表面修饰等优点;这些特点使纳米二氧化硅成为优秀的吸附剂材料。但未经改性的二氧化硅纳米材料其吸附量小,无法达到应用要求。
发明内容
本发明针对现有技术的不足,提供一种纳米二氧化硅聚合物材料,其化学结构式为:
。
本发明的另一目的提供所述纳米二氧化硅聚合物材料的制备方法,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)将纳米二氧化硅放入乙醇中,然后加入氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷,回流反应,得到产物A,标记为APTMS-SiO2;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的产物A(APTMS-SiO2)放入蒸馏水中,加入戊二醛与氨基硫脲,回流反应,得到纳米二氧化硅聚合物材料,标记为TSC-SiO2。
所述步骤(1)中纳米二氧化硅的粒径为10~30nm;
所述步骤(1)中乙醇与纳米二氧化硅的液固比mL:mg为10:1~20:1;
所述步骤(1)中氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷与二氧化硅的液固比mL:mg为1:1~3:1;
所述步骤(1)中回流反应的温度为60~80℃,回流反应时间为16~24h;
所述步骤(2)中蒸馏水与产物A(APTMS-SiO2)的液固比mL:mg为10:1~20:1;
所述步骤(2)中戊二醛与产物A(APTMS-SiO2)的液固比mL:mg为2:1~6:1;
所述步骤(2)中氨基硫脲与产物A(APTMS-SiO2)的质量比为1:1~3:1;
所述步骤(2)中回流反应的温度为70~90℃,回流反应时间为16~24h;
所述纳米二氧化硅聚合物材料TSC-SiO2 可以用作金离子吸附剂。
本发明的有益效果:
(1)本发明的纳米二氧化硅聚合物材料使用效果好,对金离子有很高的吸附能力,且有很高的选择性,可广泛用于工业废水中金离子的回收利用;
(2)本发明的纳米二氧化硅聚合物材料制备方法简单,流程短,易于制备,原料廉价易得。
附图说明
图1 是本发明实施例1 制备的纳米二氧化硅聚合物材料的红外光谱。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细说明,但本发明的保护范围并不限于所述内容。
实施例1:一种纳米二氧化硅聚合物材料的制备方法,具体步骤如下:
(1)将纳米二氧化硅(纳米二氧化硅的粒径为10nm)放入乙醇中,其中乙醇与纳米二氧化硅的液固比mL:mg为10:1;然后加入氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷,其中氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷与二氧化硅的液固比mL:mg为1:1,在温度为60℃的条件下回流反应16h得到的产物A,标记为APTMS-SiO2;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的产物A(APTMS-SiO2)放入蒸馏水中,其中蒸馏水与产物A(APTMS-SiO2)的液固比mL:mg为10:1;加入戊二醛与氨基硫脲,其中戊二醛与产物A(APTMS-SiO2)的液固比mL:mg为2:1,氨基硫脲与产物A(APTMS-SiO2)的质量比为1:1,在温度为70℃的条件下回流反应16h得到纳米二氧化硅聚合物材料,标记为TSC-SiO2;纳米二氧化硅聚合物材料的产率为97%。
本实施例制备得到的纳米二氧化硅聚合物材料的红外光谱见图1,从图1 中看到,样品在1110 cm-1处的峰对应于Si-O-Si的吸收峰,1383cm-1处的峰对应于-CH3的吸收峰,1540cm-1处的峰对应C=N的吸收峰,2350cm-1处的峰对应S-H的吸收峰,在3430 cm-1处的宽峰对应于-O-H的吸收峰,从而证明了纳米二氧化硅聚合物材料的成功合成。
对金离子的吸附实验:分别配制离子浓度为100mg/L的含有金、铜、 镍、钴、锰、铅、锌或镁离子的水溶液,取0.02 g 纳米二氧化硅聚合物材料(TSC-SiO2)作为吸附剂分别投入200 ml含有金、铜、 镍、钴、锰、铅、锌或镁离子的水溶液中,震荡吸附1h 后,离心分离吸附剂,用原子吸收法分别测定滤液中剩余金属离子浓度,对金吸附率为95.7%,对铜、镍、钴、锰、铅、锌和镁的吸附率分别为2.2%、4.3%、3.5%、4.3%、2.1%、1.5%和1.3%,结果表明TSC-SiO2对金离子的选择性吸附效果较好。
将吸附过金离子的吸附剂在硫脲-盐酸溶液中震荡5 h,用蒸馏水洗涤吸附剂,将吸附剂在真空条件下干燥10 h;然后将0.02 g干燥后的吸附剂投入初始浓度为100mg/L 的200ml 金离子溶液中震荡吸附1h 后,离心分离吸附剂,用原子吸收法测定滤液中剩余金离子浓度,如此循环5次,吸附剂对金吸附率无明显下降,循环5次之后,对金的吸附率为91.4%;说明本发明的纳米二氧化硅聚合物材料(TSC-SiO2)可重复使用。
实施例2:一种纳米二氧化硅聚合物材料的制备方法,具体步骤如下:
(1)将纳米二氧化硅(纳米二氧化硅的粒径为20nm)放入乙醇中,其中乙醇与纳米二氧化硅的液固比mL:mg为15:1;然后加入氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷,其中氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷与二氧化硅的液固比mL:mg为2:1,在温度为70℃的条件下回流反应20h得到的产物A,标记为APTMS-SiO2;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的产物A(APTMS-SiO2)放入蒸馏水中,其中蒸馏水与产物A(APTMS-SiO2)的液固比mL:mg为15:1;加入戊二醛与氨基硫脲,其中戊二醛与产物A(APTMS-SiO2)的液固比mL:mg为4:1,氨基硫脲与产物A(APTMS-SiO2)的质量比为2:1,在温度为70℃的条件下回流反应20h得到纳米二氧化硅聚合物材料,标记为TSC-SiO2;纳米二氧化硅聚合物材料的产率为97%。
对金离子的吸附实验:配制离子浓度均为100mg/L的含有金、铜、 镍、钴、锰、铅、锌或镁离子的水溶液,取0.02 g 纳米二氧化硅聚合物材料(TSC-SiO2)作为吸附剂分别投入200 ml含有金、铜、 镍、钴、锰、铅、 锌或镁离子的水溶液中,震荡吸附1h 后,离心分离吸附剂,用原子吸收法分别测定滤液中剩余金属离子浓度,对金吸附率为96.2%,对铜、镍、钴、锰、铅、锌和镁的吸附率分别为2.1%、4.2%、3.3%、4.7%、2.6%、1.4%和1.7%,结果表明TSC-SiO2对金离子的选择性吸附效果较好。
将吸附过金离子的吸附剂在硫脲-盐酸溶液中震荡5 h,用蒸馏水洗涤吸附剂,将吸附剂在真空条件下干燥10 h;然后将0.02 g干燥后的吸附剂投入初始浓度为100mg/L 的200ml 金离子溶液中震荡吸附1h 后,离心分离吸附剂,用原子吸收法测定滤液中剩余金离子浓度,如此循环5次,吸附剂对金吸附率无明显下降,循环5次之后,对金的吸附率为90.5%;说明本发明的纳米二氧化硅聚合物材料(TSC-SiO2)可重复使用。
实施例3:一种纳米二氧化硅聚合物材料的制备方法,具体步骤如下:
(1)将纳米二氧化硅(纳米二氧化硅的粒径为15nm)放入乙醇中,其中乙醇与纳米二氧化硅的液固比mL:mg为18:1;然后加入氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷,其中氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷与二氧化硅的液固比mL:mg为3:1,在温度为75℃的条件下回流反应22h得到的产物A,标记为APTMS-SiO2;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的产物A(APTMS-SiO2)放入蒸馏水中,其中蒸馏水与产物A(APTMS-SiO2)的液固比mL:mg为18:1;加入戊二醛与氨基硫脲,其中戊二醛与产物A(APTMS-SiO2)的液固比mL:mg为5:1,氨基硫脲与产物A(APTMS-SiO2)的质量比为3:1,在温度为85℃的条件下回流反应22h得到纳米二氧化硅聚合物材料,标记为TSC-SiO2;纳米二氧化硅聚合物材料的产率为95%。
对金离子的吸附实验:分别配制离子浓度均为100mg/L的含有金、铜、 镍、钴、锰、铅、锌或镁离子的水溶液,取0.02 g 纳米二氧化硅聚合物材料(TSC-SiO2)作为吸附剂分别投入200 ml含有金、铜、镍、钴、锰、铅、锌或镁离子的水溶液中,震荡吸附1h 后,离心分离吸附剂,用原子吸收法分别测定滤液中剩余金属离子浓度,对金吸附率为96.2%,对铜、镍、钴、锰、铅、锌和镁的吸附率分别为2.3%、4.1%、3.6%、4.2%、2.4%、1.5%和1.7%,结果表明TSC-SiO2对金离子的选择性吸附效果较好。
将吸附过金离子的吸附剂在硫脲-盐酸溶液中震荡5 h,用蒸馏水洗涤吸附剂,将吸附剂在真空条件下干燥10 h;然后将0.02 g干燥后的吸附剂投入初始浓度为100mg/L 的200ml 金离子溶液中震荡吸附1h 后,离心分离吸附剂,用原子吸收法测定滤液中剩余金离子浓度,如此循环5次,吸附剂对金吸附率无明显下降,循环5次之后,对金的吸附率为90.4%;说明本发明的纳米二氧化硅聚合物材料(TSC-SiO2)可重复使用。
实施例4:一种纳米二氧化硅聚合物材料的制备方法,具体步骤如下:
(1)将纳米二氧化硅(纳米二氧化硅的粒径为30nm)放入乙醇中,其中乙醇与纳米二氧化硅的液固比mL:mg为20:1;然后加入氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷,其中氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷与二氧化硅的液固比mL:mg为3:1,在温度为80℃的条件下回流反应24h得到的产物A,标记为APTMS-SiO2;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的产物A(APTMS-SiO2)放入蒸馏水中,其中蒸馏水与产物A(APTMS-SiO2)的液固比mL:mg为20:1;加入戊二醛与氨基硫脲,其中戊二醛与产物A(APTMS-SiO2)的液固比mL:mg为6:1,氨基硫脲与产物A(APTMS-SiO2)的质量比为3:1,在温度为90℃的条件下回流反应24h得到纳米二氧化硅聚合物材料,标记为TSC-SiO2;纳米二氧化硅聚合物材料的产率为96%。
对金离子的吸附实验:分别配制离子浓度均为100mg/L的含有金、铜、 镍、钴、锰、铅、锌或镁离子的水溶液,取0.02 g 纳米二氧化硅聚合物材料(TSC-SiO2)作为吸附剂分别投入200 ml含有金、铜、 镍、钴、锰、铅、 锌或镁离子的水溶液中,震荡吸附1h 后,离心分离吸附剂,用原子吸收法分别测定滤液中剩余金属离子浓度,对金吸附率为95.2%,对铜、镍、钴、锰、铅、锌和镁的吸附率分别为2.5%、4.6%、3.2%、4.4%、2.2%、1.6%和1.6%,结果表明TSC-SiO2对金离子的选择性吸附效果较好。
将吸附过金离子的吸附剂在硫脲-盐酸溶液中震荡5 h,用蒸馏水洗涤吸附剂,将吸附剂在真空条件下干燥10 h;然后将0.02 g干燥后的吸附剂投入初始浓度为100mg/L 的200ml 金离子溶液中震荡吸附1h 后,离心分离吸附剂,用原子吸收法测定滤液中剩余金离子浓度,如此循环5次,吸附剂对金吸附率无明显下降,循环5次之后,对金的吸附率为91.2%;说明本发明的纳米二氧化硅聚合物材料(TSC-SiO2)可重复使用。
Claims (11)
1.一种纳米二氧化硅聚合物材料,其特征在于,化学结构式为:
。
2.权利要求1所述纳米二氧化硅聚合物材料的制备方法,其特征在于,具体步骤如下:
(1)将纳米二氧化硅放入乙醇中,然后加入氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷,回流反应,得到产物A;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的产物A放入蒸馏水中,加入戊二醛与氨基硫脲,回流反应,得到纳米二氧化硅聚合物材料。
3.根据权利要求2所述纳米二氧化硅聚合物材料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中纳米二氧化硅的粒径为10~30nm。
4.根据权利要求2所述纳米二氧化硅聚合物材料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中乙醇与纳米二氧化硅的液固比mL:mg为10:1~20:1。
5.根据权利要求4所述纳米二氧化硅聚合物材料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷与二氧化硅的液固比mL:mg为1:1~3:1。
6.根据权利要求2所述纳米二氧化硅聚合物材料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中回流反应的温度为60~80℃,回流反应时间为16~24h。
7.根据权利要求2所述纳米二氧化硅聚合物材料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)中蒸馏水与产物A的液固比mL:mg为10:1~20:1。
8.根据权利要求7所述纳米二氧化硅聚合物材料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)中戊二醛与产物A的液固比mL:mg为2:1~6:1。
9.根据权利要求8所述纳米二氧化硅聚合物材料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)中氨基硫脲与产物A的质量比为1:1~3:1。
10.根据权利要求2所述磁性聚合物复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)中回流反应的温度为70~90℃,回流反应时间为16~24h。
11.权利要求1所述纳米二氧化硅聚合物材料作为金离子吸附剂的应用。
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