Disclosure of Invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a magnetic unit and a ring-type electric permanent magnetic chuck thereof for solving the above technical problems.
The magnetic unit comprises a reversible magnetic ring, an irreversible magnetic ring, a magnetic conduction plate and an excitation coil, wherein the irreversible magnetic ring is embedded in the reversible magnetic ring and the irreversible magnetic ring are equal in height; the magnetic conducting plates are fixedly arranged on two end faces, attached to the reversible magnetic ring and the irreversible magnetic ring, of the reversible magnetic ring; the excitation coil is wound outside the irreversible magnetic ring and is wrapped and arranged relative to the irreversible magnetic ring.
As a preferred scheme of the present invention, the cross sections of the reversible magnetic ring and the irreversible magnetic ring are uniformly arranged in a circular or square structure with a central hole, and the magnetic induction lines are distributed along the height direction.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the material of the reversible magnetic ring comprises manganese-aluminum-carbon, aluminum-nickel-cobalt or iron-chromium-cobalt, and the coercive force of the reversible magnetic ring is 30-200 kA/m.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the material of the irreversible magnetic ring comprises permanent magnetic ferrite, samarium cobalt or neodymium iron boron, and the coercive force of the irreversible magnetic ring is 600-2000 kA/m.
The invention also provides a ring type electric permanent magnetic chuck which comprises a shell and at least one magnetic unit, wherein the shell wraps the magnetic unit and is fixed by screws.
As a preferable aspect of the present invention, the electric permanent magnetic chuck includes a plurality of magnetic units, and the plurality of magnetic units are arranged in a lateral direction with respect to the housing.
As a preferable aspect of the present invention, the electric permanent magnetic chuck includes a plurality of magnetic units, and the plurality of magnetic units are longitudinally stacked with respect to the housing.
Due to the application of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the ring type electric permanent magnetic chuck provided by the invention has the following advantages: 1. through reasonable structural arrangement of the magnetic units, the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the ring-type electric permanent magnetic chuck can be simultaneously sucked or unloaded, so that the defect that only one end surface of the existing ring-type electric permanent magnetic chuck is used as a working surface is overcome; 2. the whole ring-type electric permanent magnetic chuck structure is centrosymmetric, so that the magnetic lines of force of the magnetic units are uniformly distributed, and the stress balance of the ring-type electric permanent magnetic chuck on a workpiece is further promoted; 3. the annular reversible magnetic ring and the annular irreversible magnetic ring are structurally arranged, so that a working surface of the annular electric permanent magnetic chuck is provided with a central hole, and the central hole not only plays a role in isolating magnetic lines of force on two sides of the magnetic ring so as to enhance the performance of the annular electric permanent magnetic chuck, but also can be used as a material conveying space; 4. the magnetic units are applied to the ring-type electric permanent magnetic chuck, the suction force of the ring-type electric permanent magnetic chuck in unit area can be improved in a mode of longitudinally overlapping the magnetic units, and the total suction force of the ring-type electric permanent magnetic chuck can be increased in a mode of transversely arranging the magnetic units; 5. because the whole structure of the magnetic unit is simple and the processing is convenient, the volume of the magnetic unit can be easily reduced or enlarged, and then the ring type electric permanent magnetic chuck applying the magnetic unit can be used for manufacturing a micro electromechanical switching device or a large ring type electric permanent magnetic chuck.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with the following detailed description. It should be understood that the description is intended to be exemplary only, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Moreover, in the following description, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted so as to not unnecessarily obscure the concepts of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 6-8, the ring-type electric permanent magnetic chuck 100 of the present invention includes a housing 10 and a magnetic unit 20 disposed in the housing 10, wherein the housing 10 includes the magnetic unit 20 and is fixed by a screw 30. It can be understood that the external structure of the outer shell 10 of the electric permanent magnetic chuck 100 of the present embodiment is specifically matched with the structure of the magnetic unit, and the outer end surface of the outer shell 10 and the magnetic unit 20 are fixed by a plurality of plastic screws.
Referring to fig. 1-3, the magnetic unit 20 specifically includes a reversible magnetic ring 21, an irreversible magnetic ring 22, a magnetic conductive plate 23, and an excitation coil 24. The heights of the reversible magnetic ring 21 and the irreversible magnetic ring 22 are equal, the inner diameter of the reversible magnetic ring 21 is equal to the outer diameter of the irreversible magnetic ring 22, and the irreversible magnetic ring 22 is specifically embedded in the reversible magnetic ring 21, preferably, the thickness of the irreversible magnetic ring 22 is slightly larger than that of the reversible magnetic ring 21. The magnetic conductive plates 23 are specifically fixed on the upper and lower surfaces of the reversible magnetic ring 21 and the irreversible magnetic ring 22, and are attached to the reversible magnetic ring 21 and the irreversible magnetic ring 22; the excitation coil 24 is specifically wound around the exterior of the reversible magnetic ring 21 and is wrapped around the irreversible magnetic ring 22.
As can be seen from the above combination of the specific components of the magnetic unit 20 and the arrangement of the positional relationship between the components, the magnetic unit 20 of the present invention has a vertically symmetric structure, so that the upper and lower end surfaces of the magnetic unit 20 can be used as the operation surfaces, and further the magnetic unit 20 is specifically assembled into the electric permanent magnetic chuck 100 for use, so that the upper and lower end surfaces of the electric permanent magnetic chuck 100 can be simultaneously sucked or unloaded, thereby making up the defect that the existing ring-type electric permanent magnetic chuck has only one end surface as the working surface. Meanwhile, the magnetic unit 20 has a simple overall structure and is convenient to process, so that the volume of the magnetic unit 20 can be easily reduced or enlarged, and the electric permanent magnetic chuck 100 using the magnetic unit 20 can be used for manufacturing a micro electromechanical switching device or a large ring-type electric permanent magnetic chuck.
The cross sections of the reversible magnetic ring 21 and the irreversible magnetic ring 22 are uniformly arranged to be circular or square structures provided with central holes, and the magnetic induction lines are distributed along the height direction, so that the magnetic unit 20 is integrally of a centrosymmetric structure, the magnetic force lines of the magnetic unit 20 are uniformly distributed, and the stress balance of the electric permanent magnetic chuck 100 when acting on a workpiece is further promoted; the magnetic conducting plate 23 is made of a metal soft magnetic material to play a role of a magnetic conducting yoke, and specifically, materials which can be adopted include silicon steel, No. 45 steel, A3 steel and the like, wherein the magnetic conductivity and the saturation magnetic induction intensity of the low-carbon steel are high, so that the surface magnetic field and the suction force of the ring-type electric permanent magnetic chuck are increased. The magnetic conductive plate 23 is applied to the electric permanent magnetic chuck 100, and is specifically connected and fixed with the casing 10 through a screw 30.
The material of the irreversible magnetic ring 22 includes permanent magnetic ferrite, samarium cobalt or neodymium iron boron, and the coercivity of the irreversible magnetic ring is 600 to 2000kA/m, that is, the material of the irreversible magnetic ring 22 of the present invention may specifically be at least one of permanent magnetic ferrite, samarium cobalt or neodymium iron boron. The permanent magnetic ferrite material is cheap, but has low performance. In order to improve the suction force, the irreversible magnetic ring 22 is preferably made of neodymium iron boron magnet. The reason is that the neodymium iron boron magnet has the most excellent magnetic performance at normal temperature, but the magnetic performance of the neodymium iron boron magnet is greatly influenced by temperature, the remanence and the coercive force are gradually reduced along with the temperature increase, and the temperature coefficient of the coercive force is about five per thousandth of degree. Therefore, in order to ensure that the magnet has certain magnetic performance at a higher working temperature (such as 100 ℃), the normal-temperature magnetic performance, particularly the coercive force, needs to be high enough, so that the coercive force of the magnet is preferably not lower than 600kA/m in comprehensive consideration. Compared with the working temperature of the neodymium iron boron magnet which is about 200 ℃ at most, the samarium cobalt magnet has extremely low coercive force temperature coefficient and the highest working temperature of nearly 500 ℃, so that the samarium cobalt is most suitable for the ring type electric permanent magnetic chuck used under the high temperature condition (more than 200 ℃).
Because of the current limitation of the excitation coil 24, the reversible magnetic ring 21 is usually made of permanent magnetic material with low coercive force so as to easily commutate the magnetic field, and the material of the reversible magnetic ring 21 of the invention specifically comprises permanent magnetic ferrite, samarium cobalt or neodymium iron boron, and the coercive force of the material is 30-200 kA/m. Alnico magnets may also be used in order to obtain the highest possible remanence. The permanent magnet can be divided into five types with high remanence and eight types with high coercivity, wherein the temperature coefficient of the coercivity of the eight types of magnets can reach two ten-thousandth per degree, the long-time working temperature can be 500 ℃, but the coercivity is too high, so that the permanent magnet is not suitable for application of the ring-type electric permanent magnet sucker. Therefore, the five types of magnetic steel are more suitable to be selected, and the requirements of moderate coercive force, high use temperature and good stability are met.
It can be understood that, in order to make the electric permanent magnetic chuck 100 work normally, a current controller (not shown) is also needed, and the electric permanent magnetic chuck 100 can hold and unload the workpiece during the work by charging and discharging the exciting coil 24. Preferably, the controller outputs direct current by using silicon controlled rectifier rectification, and has the functions of current direction switching, overcurrent protection, excitation coil temperature detection, magnetic field intensity measurement and the like.
Referring to fig. 4 and 5, when the magnetic poles of the reversible magnetic ring 21 and the irreversible magnetic ring 22 are oriented in opposite directions, the magnetic lines of force form a closed loop in the magnetic unit 20, and no magnetic flux passes through the workpiece, and the attraction force of the magnetic unit 20 to the workpiece is small or close to zero; when the reversible magnetic ring 21 is reversely magnetized, the magnetic poles of the reversible magnetic ring 21 and the irreversible magnetic ring 22 have the same orientation, the magnetic field of the reversible magnetic ring 21 and the magnetic field of the irreversible magnetic ring 22 are mutually overlapped, a large amount of magnetic flux passes through a workpiece, and the workpiece is attracted.
The electric permanent magnetic chuck 100 of the present invention specifically includes at least one magnetic unit 20 according to the use requirement, and when the electric permanent magnetic chuck 100 of the present invention includes a plurality of magnetic units 20, the magnetic units 20 may be disposed in the housing 10 in a longitudinal overlapping manner or a transverse arrangement manner. Accordingly, when the plurality of magnetic units 20 in the housing 10 are longitudinally overlapped, the suction force per unit area of the workpiece when the electric permanent magnetic chuck 100 works can be increased to ensure the suction effect of the electric permanent magnetic chuck 100 on the workpiece; when the plurality of magnetic units 20 in the housing 10 are arranged in the transverse direction, the number of suction points per unit area of the workpiece when the electric permanent magnetic chuck 100 works can be increased, so as to ensure the suction effect of the electric permanent magnetic chuck 100 on the workpiece.
As can be seen from the above, the irreversible magnetic ring 22 and the reversible magnetic ring 21 which constitute the magnetic unit 20 are both configured to have a structure with a central hole, such that when the magnet units 20 are assembled in the housing 10 in a longitudinally superposed manner, the electric permanent magnetic chuck 100 is integrally formed with a communicating central hole, when assembled in a lateral arrangement within housing 10, will result in the electro-permanent magnetic chuck 100 integrally forming a plurality of sub-central apertures, it being understood that, the nature of the central hole formed by the electric permanent magnetic chuck 100 integrally depends on the shapes of the irreversible magnetic ring 22 and the reversible magnetic ring 21, and the central hole is applied on the electric permanent magnetic chuck 100, the function of isolating magnetic lines of force on two sides can be performed on the irreversible magnetic ring 22 and the reversible magnetic ring 21, so as to further enhance the performance of the electric permanent magnetic chuck 100, and meanwhile, the function can also be used as a processing space for other special parts in the electric permanent magnetic chuck 100.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the electric permanent magnetic chuck 100 of the present invention is attached with thermistors 241 on the surface of the exciting coil 24 of each magnet unit 20, respectively, for monitoring the temperature of the exciting coil 24 to prevent the exciting coil 24 from being damaged due to high temperature.
In summary, the ring-type electric permanent magnetic chuck provided by the present invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art: 1. through reasonable structural arrangement of the magnetic units, the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the ring-type electric permanent magnetic chuck can be simultaneously sucked or unloaded, so that the defect that only one end surface of the existing ring-type electric permanent magnetic chuck is used as a working surface is overcome; 2. the whole ring-type electric permanent magnetic chuck structure is centrosymmetric, so that the magnetic lines of force of the magnetic units are uniformly distributed, and the stress balance of the ring-type electric permanent magnetic chuck on a workpiece is further promoted; 3. the annular reversible magnetic ring and the annular irreversible magnetic ring are structurally arranged, so that a working surface of the annular electric permanent magnetic chuck is provided with a central hole, and the central hole not only plays a role in isolating magnetic lines of force on two sides of the magnetic ring so as to enhance the performance of the annular electric permanent magnetic chuck, but also can be used as a material conveying space; 4. the magnetic units are applied to the ring-type electric permanent magnetic chuck, the suction force of the ring-type electric permanent magnetic chuck in unit area can be improved in a mode of longitudinally overlapping the magnetic units, or a mode of transversely arranging the magnetic units can be adopted, or the magnetic units are longitudinally overlapped firstly, and then the overlapped parts are transversely arranged, so that the total suction force of the ring-type electric permanent magnetic chuck is increased; 5. because the whole structure of the magnetic unit is simple and the processing is convenient, the volume of the magnetic unit can be easily reduced or enlarged, and then the ring type electric permanent magnetic chuck applying the magnetic unit can be used for manufacturing a micro electromechanical switching device or a large ring type electric permanent magnetic chuck.
The invention is not to be considered as limited to the details of the foregoing description, but is to be construed in all aspects as including all variations, modifications, equivalents and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention.