CN106691437A - Fetal heart rate extraction method based on maternal electrocardiosignals - Google Patents

Fetal heart rate extraction method based on maternal electrocardiosignals Download PDF

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CN106691437A
CN106691437A CN201710057412.2A CN201710057412A CN106691437A CN 106691437 A CN106691437 A CN 106691437A CN 201710057412 A CN201710057412 A CN 201710057412A CN 106691437 A CN106691437 A CN 106691437A
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electrocardiosignal
maternal abdominal
passage
energy
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CN106691437B (en
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耿晨歌
姚剑
赵晓鹏
姚志邦
黄丹碧
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Zhejiang Zhongming Health Technology Co ltd
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ZHEJIANG MEDZONE BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT RESEARCH INSTITUTE
Zhejiang Mingzhong Medical Technology Co Ltd
ZHEJIANG MINGZHONG TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61B5/316—Modalities, i.e. specific diagnostic methods
    • A61B5/318—Heart-related electrical modalities, e.g. electrocardiography [ECG]
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/72—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes
    • A61B5/7235—Details of waveform analysis
    • A61B5/725—Details of waveform analysis using specific filters therefor, e.g. Kalman or adaptive filters
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B2503/00—Evaluating a particular growth phase or type of persons or animals
    • A61B2503/02—Foetus

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Abstract

The invention discloses a fetal heart rate extraction method based on maternal electrocardiosignals. The method includes the steps that maternal abdominal wall mixed signals serve as input signals, the maternal abdominal wall mixed signals are preprocessed through low-pass filtering and moving average filtering, a channel of maternal abdominal wall mixed signals with the best electrocardiosignal quality are selected through a signal quality estimation method to serve as to-be-processed signals, the energy of the signals at every moment within the 20-40 Hz frequency band is calculated through Mexican hat wavelet transformation, maternal QRS waves are recognized from an energy-time series and removed, and a peak corresponding to the remaining part of the energy-time series is the fetal electrocardiogram. The whole method is simple and convenient and easy to implement, fetal electrocardiosignals can be effectively extracted from the maternal abdominal wall mixed electrocardiosignals, and a guarantee is provided for a doctor in diagnosis and treatment of fetal diseases.

Description

A kind of fetal heart frequency extracting method based on parent electrocardio signal
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of medical instruments, and in particular to a kind of fetal heart frequency based on parent electrocardio signal is extracted Method.
Background technology
Fetal ECG signal is important and common one kind in various electrocardiosignals, at present clinically mainly by monitoring the heart Sound, aroused in interest and electrocardiogram change carry out diagnosing fetal in intrauterine developmental state.Wherein, FECG can best embody Fetal cardiac activity, it is more sensitive to produced problem in fetal development, more reliable foundation can be provided for clinical diagnosis.But It is that Fetal ECG signal is very faint, extracting Fetal ECG signal from parent body surface can be subject to the severe jamming of various noises, most Parent electrocardio signal (MECG), 50Hz Hz noises and baseline drift are mainly for, this analyzing and processing to the later stage brings Very big inconvenience.So should first recognize contained noise, so as to take corresponding method as far as possible to fall these noise filterings.
, it is necessary to detect the electrocardio of fetus and record electrocardiogram when generally carrying out antenatal exaination to pregnant woman, judge whether There are abnormal conditions.Obtained due to the electrode that the electrocardio of fetus is typically disposed in mother's belly, because the electrocardio of mother itself is believed It is number stronger about 2 to 10 times than fetus, it is very big interference source for Fetal ECG.
In order to obtain clearly Fetal ECG signal, domestic and foreign scholars have carried out numerous studies.Widrow et al. is transported first FECG is extracted with least mean-square error (Least Mean Square, LMS) adaptive filter algorithm, the method is calculated Simply, but to non-stationary stronger Fetal ECG signal be not suitable for.The electrocardio letter that Blind Signal Separation method is gathered in each lead Under number independent hypothesis, Fetal ECG signal can be detected, but must be independent and steady in the electrocardiosignal of each lead collection Hypothesis under carry out, and there are problems that modeling is difficult, need lead number many and be difficult.Artificial neuron is used using two leads Network can also obtain more visible Fetal ECG signal, but it is steady letter that Artificial Neural Network still needs electrocardiosignal Number assumed condition, and artificial neural network is based on traditional statistics, to minimize empiric risk as learning objective, exists Many problems to be solved such as generalization ability, structure design, local extremum.
Although occurring in that some aim at the ECG detecting equipment of Fetal ECG detection design in the market, in default of Reliable cost effective method indirect detection Fetal ECG signal, Fetal ECG monitoring fails to be widely used in clinic.
The content of the invention
In view of it is above-mentioned, the invention provides a kind of fetal heart frequency extracting method based on parent electrocardio signal, can be effective Fetal ECG signal is extracted from maternal abdominal mixed signal.
A kind of fetal heart frequency extracting method based on parent electrocardio signal, comprises the following steps：
(1) the maternal abdominal mixing electrocardiosignal of collection multichannel, and it is pre-processed, it is used to remove height therein Frequency noise and baseline drift, are improved signal intensity；
(2) from after pretreatment multichannel maternal abdominal mixing electrocardiosignal in select signal quality best one lead to The maternal abdominal mixing electrocardiosignal in road；
(3) to the maternal abdominal mixing electrocardiosignal of best one passage of signal quality in 20~40Hz frequency band ranges Wavelet transformation is carried out, corresponding energy clock signal is obtained；
(4) based on described energy clock signal, Fetal ECG signal is therefrom extracted, and then obtain fetal heart frequency.
Maternal abdominal mixing electrocardiosignal is pre-processed in the step (1), specifically first with a LPF High-frequency noise in device removal signal, recycles the baseline drift in a moving average filter removal signal, so as to reach Strengthen the effect of signal.
The signal transacting expression formula of the low pass filter is as follows：
Wherein：xn+iMix the signal value at electrocardiosignal the n-th+i moment, y for any passage maternal abdominalnIt is LPF The passage maternal abdominal mixes the signal value at the moment of electrocardiosignal n-th afterwards, and n is natural number, and M is half of big default moving window It is small.
The signal transacting expression formula of the moving average filter is as follows：
Wherein：yn+iFor any passage maternal abdominal mixes the signal value at electrocardiosignal the n-th+i moment after LPF, For the passage maternal abdominal mixes the signal value at the moment of electrocardiosignal n-th after moving average filtering, n is natural number, and N is default Moving window one side of something size.
Comprehensive three signals on QRS energy ratios, signal kurtosis and baseline energy ratio refer in the step (2) Mark, selects the parent of best one passage of signal quality from the maternal abdominal mixing electrocardiosignal of multichannel after pretreatment Stomach wall mixing electrocardiosignal.
The calculation expression of the QRS energy ratios is as follows：
Wherein：P (f) is the power spectral density function of any passage maternal abdominal mixing electrocardiosignal after pretreatment, and S is pre- The passage maternal abdominal mixes the QRS energy ratios of electrocardiosignal after treatment, and f is frequency.
The calculation expression of the signal kurtosis is as follows：
Wherein：X (i) is the ith sample value in any passage maternal abdominal mixing electrocardiosignal after pre-processing, and N is pre- Sampled point number after treatment in passage maternal abdominal mixing electrocardiosignal, μ is passage maternal abdominal mixing after pretreatment The average sample value of electrocardiosignal, K is the signal kurtosis of passage maternal abdominal mixing electrocardiosignal after pretreatment.
The calculation expression of the baseline energy ratio is as follows：
Wherein：P (f) is the power spectral density function of any passage maternal abdominal mixing electrocardiosignal after pretreatment, and B is pre- The passage maternal abdominal mixes the baseline energy ratio of electrocardiosignal after treatment, and f is frequency.
According to below equation to the maternal abdominal mixing electrocardio letter of signal quality best one passage in the step (3) Number carry out wavelet transformation：
Wherein：X (t) is the maternal abdominal mixing electrocardiosignal of best one passage of signal quality, and z (t) is passed through for x (t) The energy clock signal obtained after wavelet transformation, a is zoom factor, and b is translation parameters, and t is the time,It is Mexico Cap wavelet functionComplex conjugate.
The step (4) to implement process as follows：
4.1 in 20.8~25Hz frequency band ranges to the maternal abdominal mixing electrocardio letter of signal quality best one passage Number wavelet transformation is carried out, obtain corresponding energy time sequence, and then extract the modulus maximum in the sequence；
4.2 make described modulus maximum be multiplied by proportionality coefficient obtains a threshold value, should by being less than in the energy clock signal The equal zero setting of signal value of threshold value, remaining signal value keeps constant, and then carries out small echo contravariant to the energy clock signal after treatment Get parent electrocardio signal in return；
4.3 pairs of parent electrocardio signals carry out QRS wave detection, QRS wave section of the rhythm of the heart less than 60bpm are excluded, so that right Detection obtains R ripple crests and is marked；
4.4 for any mark in the parent electrocardio signal R ripple crests, make by ± 0.1s centered on the R ripple crests In the range of the equal zero setting of signal value；
4.5 by the equal zero setting of signal value in the energy clock signal more than threshold value, and remaining signal value keeps constant, and then Inverse wavelet transform is carried out to the energy clock signal after treatment；
4.6 process step 4.4 after the electrocardiosignal phase that obtains after the electrocardiosignal that obtains and step 4.5 inverse wavelet transform Superposition, that is, obtain the Fetal ECG signal.
Fetal heart frequency extracting method of the present invention based on parent electrocardio signal is by the use of maternal abdominal mixed signal as input Signal, is pre-processed by LPF and moving average filtering to maternal abdominal mixed signal, is reused signal quality and is commented Estimate method and choose the top-quality passage maternal abdominal mixed signal of electrocardiosignal as pending signal, using sombrero Wavelet transformation calculates the energy at each moment in the signal 20~40Hz frequency bands, and the QRS of parent is picked out from energy time sequence Ripple is simultaneously rejected, and the corresponding peak of remaining energy time sequence is Fetal ECG.Whole method is easy and is easily achieved, can be effective Ground extracts Fetal ECG signal in maternal abdominal mixing electrocardiosignal, and the diagnosis and treatment for doctor to fetal disease provide guarantee.
Brief description of the drawings
The step of Fig. 1 is fetal heart frequency extracting method of the present invention schematic flow sheet.
Fig. 2 (a) is the waveform diagram of parent electrocardio signal.
Fig. 2 (b) is the time-frequency schematic diagram of parent electrocardio signal.
Fig. 2 (c) is the energy curve schematic diagram of parent electrocardio signal.
Fig. 3 is comprising four Fetal ECG testing result schematic diagrames of passage I, II, III, V record.
Specific embodiment
In order to more specifically describe the present invention, below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiment is to technical scheme It is described in detail.
As shown in figure 1, fetal heart frequency extracting method of the present invention based on parent electrocardio signal, comprises the following steps：
(1) collection maternal abdominal mixing electrocardiosignal.
Maternal abdominal being gathered using cardioelectric monitor instrument and mixing electrocardiogram (ECG) data, maternal abdominal mixing electrocardiogram (ECG) data is included in quiet Only gathered during state, the maternal abdominal mixing electrocardiosignal sequence in a kind of Heart Rate States lower four passages I, II, III, V Row.
(2) ECG signal processing is mixed to maternal abdominal.
LPF and moving average filtering treatment are carried out to maternal abdominal mixing electrocardiogram (ECG) data, the increasing of proper range is obtained Initial data after strong.High-frequency noise is removed first with a low pass filter in present embodiment, recycles a movement to put down Equal wave filter removal baseline drift, so as to reach the effect of enhancing signal；Data sampling rate is 250, and AD conversion digit is 24bit, 200 are reduced to by down-sampled algorithm by sample rate, and 24bit data are converted into 16bit by data compression algorithm, are obtained To the smaller data of capacity；The expression formula of low pass filter is：
Wherein：xnFor any passage maternal abdominal mixes electrocardiosignal, ynIt is the electrocardiosignal after LPF, 2M+1 is The length of rolling average window.
The expression formula of moving average filter is：
Wherein：ynIt is the electrocardiosignal after LPF,It is ynMoving average filtering after electrocardiosignal, 2N+1 is The length of rolling average window.
(3) the best passage maternal abdominal mixing electrocardiosignal of signal quality is chosen.
Present embodiment is chosen by synthesis QRS energy ratios, three signal indexs of signal kurtosis and baseline energy ratio The best channel signal of signal quality in each passage electrocardiosignal.
3.1 calculate QRS energy ratios；This feature is defined as the ratio of QRS wave shape energy and the energy of electrocardiosignal.First Spectrum analysis is done to electrocardiosignal, the energy of 5~15Hz frequency ranges and the relative ratio of 5~40Hz band energies is then calculated.Its In 5~15Hz correspond roughly to the energy of QRS wave shape, 5~40Hz is about as much as the overall energy of electrocardiosignal；Such as following public affairs Shown in formula：
The energy of QRS wave is concentrated mainly in the frequency bandwidth of 10Hz and center width is 10Hz, when there is myoelectricity interference When, the radio-frequency component in signal can increase, then energy ratio will be reduced；And when one dislocation of electrode of class QRS wave of generation When, then energy ratio can be dramatically increased.
3.2 calculate signal kurtosis；Kurtosis is also called coefficient of kurtosis, and quadravalence standard square is also turned into statistics, and kurtosis is used To characterize distribution curve, peak value is just at average value.One section of electrocardiosignal is represented with X, the average of signal is represented with μ, use σ To represent the standard variance of signal；Below equation is used for seeking kurtosis：
One clean intact its kurtosis of electrocardiosignal is more than 5, and if there is myoelectricity interference or, baseline drift, power frequency Interference or the random noise of Gaussian Profile, its kurtosis will be less than 5.
3.3 calculate baseline energy ratio；This feature is defined as between the energy of 1-40Hz frequency ranges and 0-40Hz band energies Business.
Whether the frequency of baseline drift is about 0.15-0.3Hz, so can effectively be characterized by baseline energy ratio depositing Influenceing larger baseline interference.
(4) primary energy time series is obtained by wavelet transformation.
The calculating of continuous wavelet transform is carried out using Mexican hat wavelet transform, the selected maternal abdominal mixing heart is calculated The energy at electric signal each moment in 20~40Hz frequency bands, expression is as follows：
In formula：Morther waveletIt is the continuous function on time-frequency domain,Representative functionComplex conjugate, a be scaling because Son, b is translation parameters.Morther wavelet is used as cardiac electrical analysis, small echo using mexican hat wavelet in the present embodiment Energy curve z (t) between 20~40Hz frequency ranges is obtained after analysis.
Mexican hat wavelet transform is the second dervative of Gaussian function, is defined as：
(5) electrocardiosignal of parent is picked out from primary energy time series.
5.1 pretreated complete electrocardiosignal is divided into some sections that length is 1s, and QRS wave inspection is carried out to each section Survey；
5.2 in the CF interval of electrocardiosignal, and top-quality maternal abdominal mixing electrocardiosignal is connected Continuous wavelet transformation, in the present embodiment, CF is obtained at intervals of 20.8~25Hz based on parameter study；
5.3 ask by frequency interval | T (a, b) |2Maximum, obtain the modulus maximum of wavelet transformation；According to mould Maximum, in proportion set an adaptive threshold, and will in energy time sequence less than threshold value value zero setting, its residual value point It is retained from wave band, in the present embodiment, it is the 20% of modulus maximum to obtain threshold value based on parameter study；
Energy time sequence inverse transformation after 5.4 pairs for the treatment of obtains parent electrocardio signal, and it is examined by the amplitude of waveform Survey extracts R ripple crests from QRS complex, then removes the especially small heart of R ripples crest and claps (rhythm of the heart is less than 60bpm).
(6) isolated Fetal ECG signal.
Fig. 2 (a) is the oscillogram of parent electrocardio signal, centered on R ripples crest in parent electrocardio signal, by left and right width Signal zero setting in 0.1s；Wavelet transformation is carried out to parent electrocardio signal again, its time-frequency figure is obtained, shown in such as Fig. 2 (b)；Then To the squared wavelet energy collection of illustrative plates for obtaining parent electrocardio signal of mould of wavelet conversion coefficient, shown in such as Fig. 2 (c), from original energy The energy that parent is rejected in amount time series (will be in energy time sequence more than the value zero setting of threshold value, the separation ripple of its residual value Section is retained), and contravariant gains electrocardiosignal；And then by treatment after two groups of electrocardiosignals it is superimposed, that is, obtain correspondence Fetal ECG signal, can thus calculate the heart rate of fetus.
Fig. 3 is that the Fetal ECG testing result schematic diagram of four passage I, II, III, V records of present embodiment (is examined in figure The parent QRS wave for measuring labeled as+, the fetus QRS wave of annotation is labeled as *, and the fetus QRS wave for detecting is labeled as o).By Fig. 3 It can be seen that, the present invention can successfully extract more than 97.7% Fetal ECG signal, and side from maternal abdominal mixed signal Method is efficiently simple and easy to apply.
The above-mentioned description to embodiment is to be understood that and apply the present invention for ease of those skilled in the art. Person skilled in the art obviously can easily make various modifications to above-described embodiment, and described herein general Principle is applied in other embodiment without by performing creative labour.Therefore, the invention is not restricted to above-described embodiment, ability Field technique personnel announcement of the invention, the improvement made for the present invention and modification all should be in protection scope of the present invention Within.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of fetal heart frequency extracting method based on parent electrocardio signal, comprises the following steps：
(1) the maternal abdominal mixing electrocardiosignal of collection multichannel, and pre-processes to it, is used to remove high frequency therein and makes an uproar Sound and baseline drift, are improved signal intensity；
(2) signal quality best one passage is selected from the maternal abdominal mixing electrocardiosignal of multichannel after pretreatment Maternal abdominal mixes electrocardiosignal；
(3) the maternal abdominal mixing electrocardiosignal to signal quality best one passage in 20~40Hz frequency band ranges is carried out Wavelet transformation, obtains corresponding energy clock signal；
(4) based on described energy clock signal, Fetal ECG signal is therefrom extracted, and then obtain fetal heart frequency.
2. fetal heart frequency extracting method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：To maternal abdominal in the step (1) Mixing electrocardiosignal is pre-processed, and specifically removes the high-frequency noise in signal first with a low pass filter, recycles one Baseline drift in individual moving average filter removal signal, so as to reach the effect of enhancing signal.
3. fetal heart frequency extracting method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The signal transacting of the low pass filter Expression formula is as follows：
y n = 1 2 M + 1 Σ i = - M M x n + i
Wherein：xn+iMix the signal value at electrocardiosignal the n-th+i moment, y for any passage maternal abdominalnFor this leads to after LPF Road maternal abdominal mixes the signal value at the moment of electrocardiosignal n-th, and n is natural number, and M is default moving window one side of something size.
4. fetal heart frequency extracting method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The signal of the moving average filter Treatment expression formula is as follows：
y ‾ n = 1 2 N + 1 Σ i = - N N y n + i
Wherein：yn+iFor any passage maternal abdominal mixes the signal value at electrocardiosignal the n-th+i moment after LPF,To move The passage maternal abdominal mixes the signal value at the moment of electrocardiosignal n-th after dynamic average filter, and n is natural number, and N is default movement Window one side of something size.
5. fetal heart frequency extracting method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is comprehensive on QRS in the step (2) Three signal indexs of energy ratio, signal kurtosis and baseline energy ratio, the maternal abdominal of multichannel is mixed from after pretreatment The maternal abdominal mixing electrocardiosignal of best one passage of signal quality is selected in conjunction electrocardiosignal.
6. fetal heart frequency extracting method according to claim 5, it is characterised in that：The computational chart of the QRS energy ratios It is as follows up to formula：
S = ∫ f = 5 f = 15 P ( f ) d f ∫ f = 5 f = 40 P ( f ) d f
Wherein：P (f) is the power spectral density function of any passage maternal abdominal mixing electrocardiosignal after pretreatment, and S is pretreatment The passage maternal abdominal mixes the QRS energy ratios of electrocardiosignal afterwards, and f is frequency.
7. fetal heart frequency extracting method according to claim 5, it is characterised in that：The calculation expression of the signal kurtosis It is as follows：
K = Σ i = 1 N ( X ( i ) - μ ) 4 ( Σ i = 1 N ( X ( i ) - μ ) 2 ) 2
Wherein：X (i) is the ith sample value in any passage maternal abdominal mixing electrocardiosignal after pre-processing, and N is pretreatment The passage maternal abdominal mixes the sampled point number in electrocardiosignal afterwards, and μ is passage maternal abdominal mixing electrocardio after pretreatment The average sample value of signal, K is the signal kurtosis of passage maternal abdominal mixing electrocardiosignal after pretreatment.
8. fetal heart frequency extracting method according to claim 5, it is characterised in that：The computational chart of the baseline energy ratio It is as follows up to formula：
B = ∫ f = 1 f = 40 P ( f ) d f ∫ f = 0 f = 40 P ( f ) d f
Wherein：P (f) is the power spectral density function of any passage maternal abdominal mixing electrocardiosignal after pretreatment, and B is pretreatment The passage maternal abdominal mixes the baseline energy ratio of electrocardiosignal afterwards, and f is frequency.
9. fetal heart frequency extracting method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：According to following public affairs in the step (3) Formula carries out wavelet transformation to the maternal abdominal mixing electrocardiosignal of best one passage of signal quality：
Wherein：X (t) is the maternal abdominal mixing electrocardiosignal of best one passage of signal quality, and z (t) is x (t) through small echo The energy clock signal obtained after conversion, a is zoom factor, and b is translation parameters, and t is the time,For sombrero is small Wave functionComplex conjugate.
10. fetal heart frequency extracting method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step (4) implemented Journey is as follows：
The 4.1 maternal abdominal mixing electrocardiosignal to signal quality best one passage in 20.8~25Hz frequency band ranges enters Row wavelet transformation, obtains corresponding energy time sequence, and then extract the modulus maximum in the sequence；
4.2 make described modulus maximum be multiplied by proportionality coefficient obtains a threshold value, the threshold value will be less than in the energy clock signal The equal zero setting of signal value, remaining signal value keeps constant, and then carries out inverse wavelet transform to the energy clock signal after treatment and obtain To parent electrocardio signal；
4.3 pairs of parent electrocardio signals carry out QRS wave detection, QRS wave section of the rhythm of the heart less than 60bpm are excluded, so as to detection R ripple crests are obtained to be marked；
4.4 for any mark in the parent electrocardio signal R ripple crests, make by ± 0.1s scopes centered on the R ripple crests The equal zero setting of interior signal value；
4.5 by the equal zero setting of signal value in the energy clock signal more than threshold value, and remaining signal value keeps constant, and then to place Energy clock signal after reason carries out inverse wavelet transform；
4.6 process step 4.4 after the electrocardiosignal that obtains after the electrocardiosignal that obtains and step 4.5 inverse wavelet transform be stacked Plus, that is, obtain the Fetal ECG signal.
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Cited By (3)

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CN109124620A (en) * 2018-06-07 2019-01-04 深圳市太空科技南方研究院 A kind of atrial fibrillation detection method, device and equipment
CN116784861A (en) * 2023-06-09 2023-09-22 中国科学技术大学 Fetal electrocardiosignal identification method based on periodical rapid independent vector analysis
CN117442212A (en) * 2023-12-25 2024-01-26 科普云医疗软件(深圳)有限公司 Intelligent monitoring method for obstetrical nursing

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