CN106691437B - A kind of fetal heart frequency extracting method based on parent electrocardio signal - Google Patents
A kind of fetal heart frequency extracting method based on parent electrocardio signal Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of fetal heart frequency extracting method based on parent electrocardio signal, it is used as input signal by the use of maternal abdominal mixed signal, maternal abdominal mixed signal is pre-processed by low-pass filtering and moving average filtering, reuse signal quality evaluating method and choose the top-quality passage maternal abdominal mixed signal of electrocardiosignal as pending signal, the energy at each moment in the signal 20~40Hz frequency bands is calculated using Mexican hat wavelet transform, QRS wave and the rejecting of parent are picked out from energy time sequence, corresponding peak, that is, the Fetal ECG of remaining energy time sequence.Whole method is easy and is easily achieved, and effectively can extract Fetal ECG signal in maternal abdominal mixes electrocardiosignal, guarantee is provided for diagnosis and treatment of the doctor to fetal disease.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the field of medical instrument technology, and in particular to a kind of fetal heart frequency extraction based on parent electrocardio signal
Method.
Background technology
Fetal ECG signal is one kind important and common in various electrocardiosignals, at present clinically mainly by monitoring the heart
Sound, change aroused in interest and electrocardiogram carry out diagnosing fetal in intrauterine developmental state.Wherein, fetal electrocardiogram can best embody
Fetal cardiac activity, it is more sensitive to produced problem in fetal development, more reliable foundation can be provided for clinical diagnosis.But
It is that Fetal ECG signal is very faint, the severe jamming of various noises can be subject to from parent body surface extraction Fetal ECG signal, most
Parent electrocardio signal (MECG), 50Hz Hz noises and baseline drift are mainly for, this analyzing and processing to the later stage is brought
Big inconvenience.So contained noise should be first recognized, so as to take corresponding method as far as possible to fall these noise filterings.
, it is necessary to detect the electrocardio of fetus and record electrocardiogram when usually carrying out antenatal exaination to pregnant woman, judge whether
There are abnormal conditions.Since the electrocardio of fetus is typically disposed in what the electrode of mother's belly obtained, since the electrocardio of mother itself is believed
It is number about 2 to 10 times stronger than fetus, it is very big interference source for Fetal ECG.
Clearly Fetal ECG signal, domestic and foreign scholars have carried out numerous studies in order to obtain.Widrow et al. is transported first
Fetal electrocardiogram is extracted with least mean-square error (Least Mean Square, LMS) adaptive filter algorithm, this method calculates
Simply, but to non-stationary stronger Fetal ECG signal be not suitable for.The electrocardio letter that Blind Signal Separation method is gathered in each lead
Under number independent hypothesis, Fetal ECG signal can be detected, but must be independent and steady in the electrocardiosignal that each lead gathers
Hypothesis under carry out, and there is the problems such as modeling is difficult, needs lead number more and is not easy to realize.Artificial neuron is used using two leads
Network can also obtain more visible Fetal ECG signal, but it is steadily to believe that Artificial Neural Network, which still needs electrocardiosignal,
Number assumed condition, and artificial neural network, to minimize empiric risk as learning objective, exists based on traditional statistics
Many problems to be solved such as generalization ability, structure design, local extremum.
Although occurring some ECG detecting equipments for aiming at Fetal ECG detection design currently on the market, in default of
Reliable cost effective method indirect detection Fetal ECG signal, Fetal ECG monitoring fail to be widely used in clinic.
The content of the invention
In view of it is above-mentioned, can be effective the present invention provides a kind of fetal heart frequency extracting method based on parent electrocardio signal
Slave maternal abdominal mixed signal in extract Fetal ECG signal.
A kind of fetal heart frequency extracting method based on parent electrocardio signal, includes the following steps：
(1) the maternal abdominal mixing electrocardiosignal of multichannel is gathered, and it is pre-processed, to remove height therein
Frequency noise and baseline drift, are improved signal strength；
(2) signal quality is selected in the maternal abdominal mixing electrocardiosignal of multichannel after pretreatment best one is logical
The maternal abdominal mixing electrocardiosignal in road；
(3) to the maternal abdominal mixing electrocardiosignal of best one passage of signal quality in 20~40Hz frequency ranges
Wavelet transformation is carried out, obtains corresponding energy clock signal；
(4) based on the energy clock signal, Fetal ECG signal is therefrom extracted, and then obtain fetal heart frequency.
Maternal abdominal mixing electrocardiosignal is pre-processed in the step (1), specifically first with a low-pass filtering
Device removes the high-frequency noise in signal, recycles a moving average filter to remove the baseline drift in signal, so as to reach
Strengthen the effect of signal.
The signal processing expression formula of the low-pass filter is as follows：
Wherein：xn+iThe signal value at electrocardiosignal the n-th+i moment, y are mixed for any passage maternal abdominalnFor low-pass filtering
The signal value at passage maternal abdominal mixing the n-th moment of electrocardiosignal afterwards, n are natural number, and M is half of big for default moving window
It is small.
The signal processing expression formula of the moving average filter is as follows：
Wherein：yn+iThe signal value at electrocardiosignal the n-th+i moment is mixed for any passage maternal abdominal after low-pass filtering,
The signal value at the n-th moment of electrocardiosignal is mixed for the passage maternal abdominal after moving average filtering, n is natural number, and N is default
Moving window one side of something size.
Integrate in the step (2) and refer on three signals of QRS energy ratios, signal kurtosis and baseline energy ratio
Mark, selects the parent of best one passage of signal quality after pretreatment in the maternal abdominal mixing electrocardiosignal of multichannel
Stomach wall mixing electrocardiosignal.
The calculation expression of the QRS energy ratios is as follows：
Wherein：P (f) is the power spectral density function of any passage maternal abdominal mixing electrocardiosignal after pretreatment, and S is pre-
The QRS energy ratios of passage maternal abdominal mixing electrocardiosignal after processing, f is frequency.
The calculation expression of the signal kurtosis is as follows：
Wherein：X (i) is the ith sample value that any passage maternal abdominal mixes in electrocardiosignal after pre-processing, and N is pre-
Sampled point number after processing in passage maternal abdominal mixing electrocardiosignal, μ mix for the passage maternal abdominal after pretreatment
The average sample value of electrocardiosignal, K are the signal kurtosis of passage maternal abdominal mixing electrocardiosignal after pretreatment.
The calculation expression of the baseline energy ratio is as follows：
Wherein：P (f) is the power spectral density function of any passage maternal abdominal mixing electrocardiosignal after pretreatment, and B is pre-
The baseline energy ratio of passage maternal abdominal mixing electrocardiosignal after processing, f is frequency.
Maternal abdominal mixing electrocardio letter in the step (3) according to the following formula to best one passage of signal quality
Number carry out wavelet transformation：
Wherein：X (t) is the maternal abdominal mixing electrocardiosignal of best one passage of signal quality, and z (t) is that x (t) is passed through
The energy clock signal obtained after wavelet transformation, a are zoom factor, and b is translation parameters, and t is the time,For Mexico
Cap wavelet functionComplex conjugate.
The step (4) the specific implementation process is as follows：
4.1 in 20.8~25Hz frequency ranges to the maternal abdominal mixing electrocardio letter of signal quality best one passage
Number carry out wavelet transformation, obtain corresponding energy time sequence, and then extract the modulus maximum in the sequence；
4.2, which make the modulus maximum be multiplied by proportionality coefficient, obtains a threshold value, should by being less than in the energy clock signal
The equal zero setting of signal value of threshold value, remaining signal value remain unchanged, and then carry out small echo contravariant to the energy clock signal after processing
Get parent electrocardio signal in return；
4.3 pairs of parent electrocardio signals carry out QRS wave detection, the QRS wave section that the rhythm of the heart is less than 60bpm are excluded, so that right
Detection obtains R ripple wave crests and is marked；
4.4 for any mark in the parent electrocardio signal R ripple wave crests, make by ± 0.1s centered on the R ripple wave crests
In the range of the equal zero setting of signal value；
4.5 will be more than the equal zero setting of signal value of threshold value in the energy clock signal, remaining signal value remains unchanged, and then
Inverse wavelet transform is carried out to the energy clock signal after processing；
4.6 make the electrocardiosignal that step 4.4 obtains after handling and the electrocardiosignal phase obtained after step 4.5 inverse wavelet transform
Superposition, that is, obtain the Fetal ECG signal.
The present invention is used as input based on the fetal heart frequency extracting method of parent electrocardio signal by the use of maternal abdominal mixed signal
Signal, pre-processes maternal abdominal mixed signal by low-pass filtering and moving average filtering, reuses signal quality and comments
Estimate method and choose the top-quality passage maternal abdominal mixed signal of electrocardiosignal as pending signal, utilize sombrero
Wavelet transformation calculates the energy at each moment in the signal 20~40Hz frequency bands, and the QRS of parent is picked out from energy time sequence
Ripple is simultaneously rejected, the corresponding peak, that is, Fetal ECG of remaining energy time sequence.Whole method is easy and is easily achieved, can be effective
Ground extracts Fetal ECG signal in maternal abdominal mixes electrocardiosignal, and guarantee is provided for diagnosis and treatment of the doctor to fetal disease.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the step flow diagram of fetal heart frequency extracting method of the present invention.
Fig. 2 (a) is the waveform diagram of parent electrocardio signal.
Fig. 2 (b) is the time-frequency schematic diagram of parent electrocardio signal.
Fig. 2 (c) is the energy curve schematic diagram of parent electrocardio signal.
Fig. 3 is the Fetal ECG testing result schematic diagram for including four passage I, II, III, V records.
Embodiment
In order to more specifically describe the present invention, below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiment is to technical scheme
It is described in detail.
As shown in Figure 1, the fetal heart frequency extracting method of the invention based on parent electrocardio signal, includes the following steps：
(1) maternal abdominal mixing electrocardiosignal is gathered.
Using cardioelectric monitor instrument collection maternal abdominal mixing electrocardiogram (ECG) data, maternal abdominal mixing electrocardiogram (ECG) data is included in quiet
Only gathered during state, the maternal abdominal mixing electrocardiosignal sequence in a kind of Heart Rate States lower four passages I, II, III, V
Row.
(2) ECG signal processing is mixed to maternal abdominal.
Low-pass filtering and moving average filtering processing are carried out to maternal abdominal mixing electrocardiogram (ECG) data, obtain the increasing of proper range
Initial data after strong.High-frequency noise is removed first with a low-pass filter in present embodiment, recycles a movement flat
Equal wave filter removes baseline drift, so as to have the function that to strengthen signal；Data sampling rate is 250, and AD conversion digit is
24bit, 200 are reduced to by down-sampled algorithm by sample rate, and 24bit data are converted to 16bit by data compression algorithm, are obtained
To data with smaller capacity；The expression formula of low-pass filter is：
Wherein：xnElectrocardiosignal, y are mixed for any passage maternal abdominalnFor the electrocardiosignal after low-pass filtering, 2M+1 is
The length of rolling average window.
The expression formula of moving average filter is：
Wherein：ynFor the electrocardiosignal after low-pass filtering,For ynMoving average filtering after electrocardiosignal, 2N+1 is
The length of rolling average window.
(3) the best passage maternal abdominal mixing electrocardiosignal of signal quality is chosen.
Present embodiment is chosen by three comprehensive QRS energy ratios, signal kurtosis and baseline energy ratio signal indexs
The best channel signal of signal quality in each passage electrocardiosignal.
3.1 calculate QRS energy ratios；This feature is defined as the ratio of the energy of QRS wave shape energy and electrocardiosignal.First
Spectrum analysis is done to electrocardiosignal, then calculates the energy of 5~15Hz frequency ranges and the relative ratio of 5~40Hz band energies.Its
In 5~15Hz correspond roughly to the energy of QRS wave shape, 5~40Hz is about as much as the energy of electrocardiosignal entirety；Such as following public affairs
Shown in formula：
The energy of QRS wave is concentrated mainly in the frequency bandwidth of 10Hz and center width is 10Hz, when there is myoelectricity interference
When, the radio-frequency component in signal can increase, then energy ratio will reduce；And when the dislocation of electrode that a class QRS wave occurs
When, then energy ratio can dramatically increase.
3.2 calculate signal kurtosis；Kurtosis is also known as coefficient of kurtosis, also becomes quadravalence standard square in statistics, and kurtosis is used
To characterize distribution curve peak value height at average value.One section of electrocardiosignal is represented with X, and the average of signal is represented with μ, uses σ
To represent the standard variance of signal；The following formula is used for seeking kurtosis：
One clean intact its kurtosis of electrocardiosignal is more than 5, and if there is myoelectricity interference or, baseline drift, power frequency
Interference or the random noise of Gaussian Profile, its kurtosis will be less than 5.
3.3 calculate baseline energy ratio；This feature is defined as between the energy of 1-40Hz frequency ranges and 0-40Hz band energies
Business.
Whether the frequency of baseline drift is about 0.15-0.3Hz, deposited so can effectively be characterized by baseline energy ratio
In the baseline interference having a great influence.
(4) primary energy time series is obtained by wavelet transformation.
The calculating of continuous wavelet transform is carried out using Mexican hat wavelet transform, calculates the selected maternal abdominal mixing heart
The energy at electric signal each moment in 20~40Hz frequency bands, expression are as follows：
In formula：Morther waveletIt is the continuous function on time-frequency domain,Representative functionComplex conjugate, a be scaling because
Son, b are translation parameters.Morther wavelet is used as using mexican hat wavelet in the present embodiment and is used as cardiac electrical analysis, small echo
The energy curve z (t) between 20~40Hz frequency ranges is obtained after analysis.
Mexican hat wavelet transform is the second dervative of Gaussian function, is defined as：
(5) electrocardiosignal of parent is picked out from primary energy time series.
5.1 are divided into pretreated complete electrocardiosignal some sections that length is 1s, to each section of progress QRS wave inspection
Survey；
5.2 in the specific frequency interval of electrocardiosignal, and top-quality maternal abdominal mixing electrocardiosignal is connected
Continuous wavelet transformation, in the present embodiment, specific frequency is obtained at intervals of 20.8~25Hz based on parameter study；
5.3 in frequency interval by asking | T (a, b) |2Maximum, obtain the modulus maximum of wavelet transformation；According to mould
Maximum, sets an adaptive threshold, and the value zero setting that will be less than threshold value in energy time sequence, point of its residual value in proportion
It is retained from wave band, in the present embodiment, 20% that threshold value is modulus maximum is obtained based on parameter study；
Energy time sequence inverse transformation after 5.4 pairs of processing obtains parent electrocardio signal, it is examined by the amplitude of waveform
Survey extracts R ripple wave crests from QRS complex, then removes the especially small heart of R ripples wave crest and claps (rhythm of the heart is less than 60bpm).
(6) isolated Fetal ECG signal.
Fig. 2 (a) is the oscillogram of parent electrocardio signal, centered on R ripples wave crest in parent electrocardio signal, by left and right width
Signal zero setting in 0.1s；Wavelet transformation is carried out to parent electrocardio signal again, its time-frequency figure is obtained, as shown in Fig. 2 (b)；Then
To the squared wavelet energy collection of illustrative plates for obtaining parent electrocardio signal of mould of wavelet conversion coefficient, as shown in Fig. 2 (c), from original energy
Measuring the energy of rejecting parent in time series (will be more than the value zero setting of threshold value, the separation ripple of its residual value in energy time sequence
Section is retained), and contravariant gains electrocardiosignal；And then two groups of electrocardiosignals after processing are superimposed, that is, corresponded to
Fetal ECG signal, can thus calculate the heart rate of fetus.
Fig. 3 is that the Fetal ECG testing result schematic diagram of four passage I, II, III, V records of present embodiment (is examined in figure
The parent QRS wave measured labeled as+, the fetus QRS wave of annotation be labeled as *, the fetus QRS wave detected be labeled as o).By Fig. 3
As it can be seen that the present invention can successfully extract more than 97.7% Fetal ECG signal, and side from maternal abdominal mixed signal
Method is efficiently simple and practicable.
The above-mentioned description to embodiment is understood that for ease of those skilled in the art and using the present invention.
Person skilled in the art obviously easily can make above-described embodiment various modifications, and described herein general
Principle is applied in other embodiment without by performing creative labour.Therefore, the invention is not restricted to above-described embodiment, ability
Field technique personnel disclose according to the present invention, and the improvement and modification made for the present invention all should be in protection scope of the present invention
Within.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of fetal heart frequency extracting method based on parent electrocardio signal, includes the following steps：
(1) the maternal abdominal mixing electrocardiosignal of multichannel is gathered, and it is pre-processed, is made an uproar to remove high frequency therein
Sound and baseline drift, are improved signal strength；
Maternal abdominal mixing electrocardiosignal is pre-processed, the high frequency in signal is specifically removed first with a low-pass filter
Noise, recycles a moving average filter to remove the baseline drift in signal；
The signal processing expression formula of the low-pass filter is as follows：
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Wherein：xn+iThe signal value at electrocardiosignal the n-th+i moment, y are mixed for any passage maternal abdominalnFor this is logical after low-pass filtering
The signal value at road maternal abdominal mixing the n-th moment of electrocardiosignal, n is natural number, and M is default moving window one side of something size；
The signal processing expression formula of the moving average filter is as follows：
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Wherein：yn+iThe signal value at electrocardiosignal the n-th+i moment is mixed for any passage maternal abdominal after low-pass filtering,To move
The signal value at passage maternal abdominal mixing the n-th moment of electrocardiosignal after dynamic average filter, N are half of big for default moving window
It is small；
(2) three signal indexs on QRS energy ratios, signal kurtosis and baseline energy ratio are integrated, after pretreatment
The maternal abdominal mixing electrocardio of best one passage of signal quality is selected in the maternal abdominal mixing electrocardiosignal of multichannel
Signal；
(3) according to maternal abdominal mixing of the following formula to best one passage of signal quality in 20~40Hz frequency ranges
Electrocardiosignal carries out wavelet transformation, obtains corresponding energy clock signal；
Wherein：X (t) is the maternal abdominal mixing electrocardiosignal of best one passage of signal quality, and z (t) is x (t) through small echo
The energy clock signal obtained after conversion, a are zoom factor, and b is translation parameters, and t is the time,It is small for sombrero
Wave functionComplex conjugate；
(4) based on the energy clock signal, Fetal ECG signal is therefrom extracted, and then obtains fetal heart frequency, it is specific real
Existing process is as follows：
4.1 the maternal abdominal of signal quality best one passage is mixed in 20.8~25Hz frequency ranges electrocardiosignal into
Row wavelet transformation, obtains corresponding energy time sequence, and then extracts the modulus maximum in the sequence；
4.2, which make the modulus maximum be multiplied by proportionality coefficient, obtains a threshold value, the threshold value will be less than in the energy clock signal
The equal zero setting of signal value, remaining signal value remains unchanged, and then carries out inverse wavelet transform to the energy clock signal after processing and obtain
To parent electrocardio signal；
4.3 pairs of parent electrocardio signals carry out QRS wave detection, exclude the QRS wave section that the rhythm of the heart is less than 60bpm, so as to detection
R ripple wave crests are obtained to be marked；
4.4 for any mark in the parent electrocardio signal R ripple wave crests, make by ± 0.1s scopes centered on the R ripple wave crests
The equal zero setting of interior signal value；
4.5 will be more than the equal zero setting of signal value of threshold value in the energy clock signal, remaining signal value remains unchanged, and then to place
Energy clock signal after reason carries out inverse wavelet transform；
4.6 electrocardiosignals for making step 4.4 be obtained after handling are stacked with the electrocardiosignal obtained after step 4.5 inverse wavelet transform
Add, that is, obtain the Fetal ECG signal.
2. fetal heart frequency extracting method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The computational chart of the QRS energy ratios
It is as follows up to formula：
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Wherein：P (f) is the power spectral density function of any passage maternal abdominal mixing electrocardiosignal after pretreatment, and S is pretreatment
The QRS energy ratios of passage maternal abdominal mixing electrocardiosignal afterwards, f is frequency.
3. fetal heart frequency extracting method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The calculation expression of the signal kurtosis
It is as follows：
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</mfrac>
</mrow>
Wherein：X (i) is the ith sample value that any passage maternal abdominal mixes in electrocardiosignal after pre-processing, and N is pretreatment
The sampled point number in passage maternal abdominal mixing electrocardiosignal, μ mix electrocardio for the passage maternal abdominal after pretreatment afterwards
The average sample value of signal, K are the signal kurtosis of passage maternal abdominal mixing electrocardiosignal after pretreatment.
4. fetal heart frequency extracting method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The computational chart of the baseline energy ratio
It is as follows up to formula：
<mrow>
<mi>B</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msubsup>
<mo>&Integral;</mo>
<mrow>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>40</mn>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mi>P</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mi>d</mi>
<mi>f</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<msubsup>
<mo>&Integral;</mo>
<mrow>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>40</mn>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mi>P</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mi>d</mi>
<mi>f</mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
Wherein：P (f) is the power spectral density function of any passage maternal abdominal mixing electrocardiosignal after pretreatment, and B is pretreatment
The baseline energy ratio of passage maternal abdominal mixing electrocardiosignal afterwards, f is frequency.
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